焦香风味特征白酒酿造原料的焙烤工艺条件研究

以大麦和小麦为原料,通过固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用（SPME-GC-MS）对焙烤处理前后原料的香气成分进行分析,采用主成分分析（PCA）及香气活性值（OAV）评价焙烤工艺条件对原料香气成分的影响。采用焙烤后原料酿造白酒,评价焙烤工艺对白酒风味的影响。结果表明,经过焙烤处理后,原料的焦香风味成分增加15种。PCA结果表明,焙烤原料的主要特征性挥发性物质为醛类、吡嗪类;产生焦香风味物质最多的焙烤条件为温度220 ℃、时间75 min。在此条件下,对焦香风味影响较大的物质（OAV＞5）包括2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪和2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪等;与未焙烤原料制备白酒相比,焦香风味成分含量增加,吡嗪含量较高（20.1 mg/L）。     

绿茶粉对月饼饼皮挥发性风味物质的影响

本文基于固相微萃取和气质联用分析技术,定量分析了高温烘焙环境下,绿茶粉对月饼饼皮挥发性风味物质的影响试验结果表明:构成月饼饼皮风味物质在绿茶粉的添加前后发生了显著变化,主体风味物质由甲苯、己醛转变为3-羟基-2-丁酮、β-庚烯醛、戊醇以及3甲基丁醛;其中β-庚烯醛为绿茶风味成分。     

含不同粗粮粉面包的营养、质构特性、风味化合物

以小麦粉为主要原料,分别添加一定量马铃薯全粉、荞麦粉、薏苡粉、燕麦粉制作粗粮面包,以氨基酸组成、质构、色泽、风味为评价指标,分析粗粮面包营养特性(主要是游离氨基酸含量)、质构特性、色泽变化和挥发性风味化合物的特征,同时以普通面粉面包为对照。结果表明:从质构特性来看,粗粮粉添加量不应超过12%;除薏苡组外,其余组的氨基酸综合评分均高于对照组;粗粮组面包风味较对照组浓郁,风味物质的总量和种类均高于对照组;添加粗粮粉制作的面包会产生一些特别的风味物质,如壬醇、3-甲基十五烷、十八烷、植烷、3-甲基丁酸、2,6-二甲基吡嗪等。因此,添加适量的粗粮粉既能丰富面包的营养,又能产生浓郁的风味物质,而对面包色泽影响不大。     

焙烤对甜荞关键组分及风味物质的影响研究进展

甜荞是一种高营养价值的功能性杂粮，焙烤是改善甜荞粉风味的一种工艺，其对甜荞的淀粉、蛋白、抗氧化物活性物质及风味物质有显著影响。其中，经过焙烤后的甜荞粉，淀粉糊化程度增加，糊化温度升高，结晶程度降低，淀粉颗粒结构被破坏；蛋白质性质发生变化，氨基酸含量增加；抗氧化活性物质含量随焙烤程度呈先增加后降低的趋势。此外，焙烤使甜荞粉风味丰富，增加了吡嗪类物质，使甜荞粉的风味中添加坚果味以及焦香味，甜荞粉的风味得到改善。本文首先从甜荞的焙烤工艺入手，重点回顾了焙烤过程对甜荞籽粒及甜荞粉的关键组分及风味物质的影响，并对影响甜荞焙烤品质的关键因素进行了分析，最后，对焙烤甜荞的应用前景进行了展望。     

低糖桑果月饼生产工艺优化的研究

以莲子、麦芽糖醇、花生油为主要原料,添加桑果粉制成低糖桑果馅料,再经包馅、成型、焙烤、冷却、包装等步骤生产新型低糖桑果月饼,并优化得到了桑果月饼最佳添加量和最佳焙烤工艺参数。进一步通过质构分析研究,低糖桑果月饼与传统莲蓉月饼相比,在咀嚼性、粘附性、硬度、弹性、凝聚性和回复性方面的的差异。结果表明:低糖桑果月饼中桑果粉的最佳添加量为3%,馅料呈紫红色,具有桑果特色风味;最佳焙烤工艺参数为:面火温度200℃,底火温度170℃,焙烤时间18 min。在最佳配方及最佳焙烤工艺下制成的低糖桑果月饼外形饱满、轮廓分明、花纹清晰。与传统莲蓉月饼相比质构特性明显改善,增强了月饼的适口性,其中咀嚼性提高了226.78%,硬度提高了27.61%,弹性提高了63.17%,凝聚性提高了49.72%,回复性提高了64.84%,只有粘附性下降了28.45%。     

HS-SPME/GC-MS测定澳洲坚果焙烤香气成分

采用顶空-固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME/GC-MS)对澳洲坚果焙烤香气成分进行分析。测定了香气成分的保留指数和特征离子;用内标物作半定量测定。结果共鉴定37种焙烤香气成分,主要有吡嗪类13种,醛类8种,呋喃类6种,酮类4种,醇类2种,以及吡啶和乙酸,总含量为4 814.67μg/g。相对的,原料澳洲坚果中能检测到的香气成分只有壬醛、苯甲醛、3(2)H-呋喃酮、苯甲醇和乙酸,总含量为454.00μg/g。吡嗪类是坚果焙烤香气的特征物质,2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2-甲基吡嗪和3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪是澳洲坚果焙烤香气中含量较高的三种吡嗪类物质,糠醛是所有香气成分中含量最高的。结果表明,试验所用的HS-SPME/GC-MS的萃取分析条件能够对澳洲坚果焙烤香气进行定性定量分析,已鉴定的37种香气成分,能够作为进一步研究澳洲坚果焙烤工艺条件和焙烤品质的指标和依据。     

果糖和葡萄糖对真空油炸鹰爪虾风味的影响

美拉德反应是高温油炸烹制食品风味产生的主要途径之一。本文对比分析互为同分异构体的还原糖——果糖和葡萄糖,对油炸鹰爪虾风味作用的影响。基于电子鼻、电子舌和感官评定,添加痕量还原糖能显著提升油炸虾的风味品质,且果糖比葡萄糖对油炸虾在滋味和挥发性风味上的促进作用更为显著。GC-MS分析得出痕量还原糖能显著增加油炸虾的挥发性风味物质,油炸虾对照组、添加痕量葡萄糖组和添加痕量果糖组分别检出38,41,56种挥发性气味物质,其中吡嗪类物质含量增加最为显著,对照组吡嗪类物质占总挥发性风味物质的0.76%,痕量葡萄糖组和果糖组的吡嗪类物质分别增至42.31%和42.44%。油炸虾对照组、添加痕量葡萄糖组和果糖组的气味活度(OAV)值大于1的挥发性物质分别有8,17,20种,确定添加还原糖后,鹰爪虾的关键风味物质为2,5-二甲基吡嗪、3-二乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2-甲基丁酸甲酯和三甲胺等物质,其中,2,5-二甲基吡嗪在添加痕量葡萄糖组中的风味贡献最显著,而3-二乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪和2-甲基丁酸甲酯是添加痕量果糖组中风味贡献最主要的成分。结果表明,添加不同还原糖能够促进油炸鹰爪虾不同关键风味物质...     

油菜籽微波过程对油中焙烤风味形成的影响

微波预处理油菜籽能使菜籽油形成浓郁的焙烤风味。利用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术结合香气稀释因子分析对微波压榨菜籽油中具有焙烤风味的关键成分进行鉴定,同时考察油菜籽微波过程中游离糖、游离氨基酸、体系温度和油菜籽水分的变化。结果表明:微波压榨菜籽油中共鉴定出13种具有焙烤风味的挥发性成分,包括9种吡嗪类物质,以及醇类、醛类、呋喃和噻唑类物质各1种,其中FD因子大于等于32的包括2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,6-二甲基吡嗪、5-甲基呋喃醛、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪和3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪,这6种物质对菜籽油中焙烤风味的贡献最大;油菜籽微波0～8 min过程中,除蔗糖外,其他游离糖(果糖、葡萄糖)和游离氨基酸呈现逐渐降低的趋势,根据含量变化及相关性分析,初步推测参与菜籽油焙烤风味形成的可能前体物质是葡萄糖、果糖、天门冬氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸。     

β-葡萄糖苷酶有效提升速溶乌龙茶粉水溶液的花香、果香及青草香

本实验采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对β-葡萄糖苷酶处理前后的速溶乌龙茶粉水溶液挥发性成分进行定性定量分析,结合其香气强度值(OAVs)及感官评价,分析其主要香气轮廓,确定β-葡萄糖苷酶对速溶乌龙茶粉挥发性成分的影响。经GC-MS分析,从β-葡萄糖苷酶处理前后的速溶乌龙茶粉水溶液中共鉴定出37种挥发性成分,其中醇类9种,酯类4种,烯烃类11种,呋喃类4种,醛类5种和其它类4种。酶处理后,顺式-3-己烯醇(15416.97μg/L)、己醇(476.14μg/L)、香叶醇(6542.43μg/L)、苯甲醛(707.32μg/L)、水杨酸甲酯(268.81μg/L)、3-甲基丁醇(95.24μg/L)、2-庚醇(61.26μg/L)、2-乙基己醇(47.61μg/L)、辛醇(30.29μg/L)、壬醇(103.26μg/L)、己酸己酯(87.75μg/L)的含量显著增加,且花香、果香和青草香大幅度增加,主要香气贡献成分为癸醛、顺式-3-己烯醇、香叶醇、2-甲基丁醛和2-乙基呋喃。研究表明β-葡萄糖苷酶可显著改变速溶乌龙茶粉水溶液的挥发性成分和香气轮廓,为速溶茶粉后续加工食品的风味改良提供了技术参考。     

焙烤糯米粉的关键风味物质分析

焙烤糯米粉是通过烤箱高温焙烤改善糯米粉风味性质的改性产品。以感官评定、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和气相色谱-嗅觉测定法(GC-O)为表征手段,对糯米粉焙烤后的关键风味物质进行分析。结果表明,焙烤后的米粉整体风味品质显著提高,共检测出风味物质103种,相比较于焙烤前增加了33种,总质量浓度从7. 49 mg/L增加至94. 12 mg/L。种类和浓度增加较明显的为醛类、酮类和杂环化合物。其中关键的风味物质共10种,包括己醛、辛醛、壬醛、癸醛、反-2-癸烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、2-戊基呋喃、1-辛烯-3-醇、丁酸丁酯、2-叔丁基-3,4,5,6-四氢吡啶,这些关键风味物质可能产生于高温下的美拉德反应。综上,经过焙烤,米粉被赋予了更为浓郁的风味。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press