萌发对燕麦理化特性及消化性质的影响

本文研究不同萌发时间对燕麦淀粉理化特性和消化性质的影响。研究结果显示,随着发芽时间的延长燕麦淀粉含量不断降低,发芽4 d时含量最低（52.68%）;淀粉颗粒形貌随之改变,由形状规整、表面光滑逐渐变得不规则、粗糙、凹陷增多;淀粉颗粒晶型未发生改变,结晶度逐渐降低;起始、峰值和终止糊化温度以及糊化焓值均逐渐升高,表观黏度和剪切应力则整体呈下降趋势。体外模拟消化结果显示,发芽能显著改变淀粉的消化特性,发芽0 d的燕麦淀粉消化率为84.95%,随着萌发时间的延长逐渐升高,在发芽4 d时达到峰值（94.98%）。研究结果为丰富淀粉改性方法、利用发芽燕麦淀粉和推进淀粉基食品领域的研发提供了一定的理论支撑。     

燕麦发芽过程中淀粉及其相关酶活性的动态变化

研究了裸燕麦发芽过程中淀粉及其相关酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,发芽过程中,燕麦还原糖和可溶性糖含量及α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶和总淀粉酶活力明显地先增加后降低;直链淀粉、支链淀粉和总淀粉的含量均随着发芽的进行呈下降趋势,发芽72 h分别降低了25.86%、11.08%和17.31%。相关性分析表明,燕麦发芽期间还原糖、可溶性糖含量分别与α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶及总淀粉酶活力呈显著正相关,而直链淀粉、支链淀粉及总淀粉含量均与淀粉酶活力呈显著负相关。     

浸泡和发芽处理对全籽粒燕麦中糖含量及淀粉体外消化性的影响

全籽粒燕麦经浸泡和发芽处理后测定还原糖、总糖和淀粉的含量,并采用模拟体外模型分析淀粉的体外消化性,研究浸泡和发芽过程对燕麦籽粒中糖种类及淀粉消化性的影响。结果表明:燕麦浸泡和发芽过程中,还原糖和总糖含量的变化呈现先下降后上升的趋势,而淀粉含量则呈现先上升后下降的趋势。体外模拟胃肠液消化模型分析发现,浸泡处理的燕麦中淀粉体外消化率变化趋势较大,而发芽处理的燕麦中淀粉的体外消化率变化趋势较小,且随着发芽时间的增加淀粉的体外消化率也随之增大。     

支链聚合度对菠萝蜜支链淀粉与月桂酸复合物理化特性的影响

为探究支链聚合度对支链淀粉-脂肪酸复合物糊化特性的影响，对5种支链聚合度不同的菠萝蜜种子支链淀粉（Jackfruit seed amylopectin, JFSA）与月桂酸复合物（M1ZY、M2ZY、M3ZY、M4ZY和M5ZY）的理化特性进行了测定并分析了这五种复合物糊化特征参数、重均聚合度（DPw）和复合指数（CI）的相关性。结果表明:随着支链聚合度升高，形成的菠萝蜜种子支链淀粉-月桂酸复合物的复合指数显著增加（P<0.05），由23.27%（M1ZY）提高到35.95%（M5ZY）；五种复合物的脱水收缩程度、水溶性与油溶性，以及膨胀度、溶解度值均明显增加；五种复合物的糊化特征参数值有显著差异，其峰值黏度（PV）、谷值黏度（TV）、最终黏度（FV）随支链聚合度聚合度的增加而升高，但崩解值（BkD）、回生值（StB）降低；Pearson相关分析表明，支链淀粉的DPw与复合物的TV、CI呈显著正相关（r=0.887，0.949，P<0.05）。支链聚合度是影响菠萝蜜种子支链淀粉-月桂酸复合物理化特性的重要因素。     

糙米发芽前后营养成分的变化及其对发芽糙米糊化特性的影响

选用24个糙米品种为原料制备发芽糙米,研究发芽过程中主要营养成分的变化,以及营养成分变化对发芽糙米糊化特性的影响。结果表明,糙米发芽后,总淀粉含量极显著下降(P0.01),可溶性蛋白、纤维素和γ-氨基丁酸的含量极显著上升(P0.01),直链淀粉、总蛋白和粗脂肪含量变化不显著(P0.05)。发芽糙米峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度和回生值与直链淀粉含量呈极显著的正相关(P0.01),与支链淀粉含量、支链淀粉/直链淀粉呈极显著的负相关(P0.01);峰值时间也与直链淀粉含量呈极显著的正相关(P0.01),与支链淀粉、支链淀粉/直链淀粉呈显著负相关(P0.05)。此外,发芽糙米峰值黏度与总蛋白含量呈极显著的负相关(P0.01),最低黏度、最终黏度和回生值也与总蛋白的含量呈显著负相关(P0.05)。     

热处理对谷物粉物化性质及淀粉体外消化性的影响

为了研究热处理对谷物粉物化性质和淀粉体外消化性的影响,测定燕麦、小米和玉米3种谷物粉经蒸汽和烘烤热处理前、后糊化特性、膨胀势、吸水性和不同淀粉组成含量的变化。结果表明:热处理使燕麦粉的糊化温度显著降低、小米粉和玉米粉显著升高(P<0.05),燕麦粉和小米粉的回生值显著升高、玉米粉显著降低(P<0.05),玉米粉峰值黏度和崩解值显著降低(P<0.05)、燕麦粉和小米粉的变化不同;蒸汽和烘烤处理使燕麦粉膨胀势分别降低32%和12%,吸水性指数升高20%以上,但是小米粉和玉米粉变化较小;热处理使3种谷物粉水溶性指数降低28%～55%;热处理使3种谷物粉中快消化淀粉含量降低10%～20%,慢消化淀粉含量升高3%～30%,抗性淀粉含量升高20%,尤其热处理对燕麦淀粉组成含量影响最大。扫描电镜观察燕麦、小米和玉米淀粉颗粒直径分别为5,10,15μm,经热处理后淀粉发生团聚和黏结现象,尤其燕麦淀粉团聚和黏结程度最大。结论:适当的预热处理可以改变谷物粉的物化特性,进而改善其加工性能。热处理改变了谷物淀粉的构成,减缓了淀粉的消化性,提高了其功能特性。     

发芽燕麦淀粉的热特性

发芽是进一步提升谷物种子营养价值的重要手段,已经成为当前谷物研究的新热点。本文以晋燕八号燕麦为原料,通过在16℃浸泡并避光发芽,分别提取不同时间段的燕麦淀粉,用差示扫描量热(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)和热重分析(thermogravimetric analysis,TGA)两种手段对原燕麦和发芽后燕麦淀粉的热特性进行表征。结果发现,发芽对燕麦中淀粉的起始糊化温度影响不大,在发芽144 h内,平均起始糊化温度为57.44±0.48℃,但发芽72 h以后的燕麦中淀粉糊化温度范围扩大,以发芽72 h为界,前后两段的糊化焓都是逐渐增加的,这可能提示发芽期间淀粉结构存在由无序到有序的交替变化过程;氮气氛围下,淀粉的分解温度在275~363℃之间,此温度区间内淀粉的质量损失为65%~73%;发芽淀粉热分解反应活化能比原燕麦淀粉均有降低,其中原燕麦淀粉的热分解活化能为219.44±14.46 kJ/mol,活化能最小的为发芽144 h的淀粉,其值为157.75±5.58 kJ/mol,各发芽阶段淀粉热分解反应级数均为一级。     

发芽糙米淀粉理化特性研究

采用富集γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的优选糙米发芽工艺条件,通过碱酶两步法提取糙米淀粉,研究发芽对糙米淀粉结构和理化特性的影响。结果表明:糙米发芽后,淀粉膨胀度增大,且随温度升高而提高;透明度升高了57.14%;峰值黏度基本不变;冻融稳定性提高,凝沉特性得到改善;淀粉凝胶的凝胶粘性有所提高,硬度和胶凝性有所降低;碘兰值减小,说明糙米发芽后其直链淀粉含量降低或聚合度减小;电镜分析结果显示,发芽后糙米淀粉颗粒变得圆滑,棱角较发芽前不明显。综上得出,发芽对糙米淀粉的理化特性具有一定的改善作用。     

豌豆淀粉的提取及其理化性质的研究

为了优化豌豆淀粉的碱法提取工艺,采用响应面法研究料液比、提取时间和碱液质量分数对淀粉中蛋白残留量及淀粉得率的影响。并采用扫描电镜、黏度速测仪、离子色谱对豌豆淀粉的表面结构、糊化特性及支链淀粉链长分布进行了研究。结果表明,碱法提取豌豆淀粉的工艺条件为:料液比1:7.26,提取时间18.00 h,NaOH溶液质量分数0.43%,在此工艺条件下制得豌豆淀粉的蛋白残留量为(0.081±0.005)%,淀粉得率为豌豆干基质量的30.5%。豌豆淀粉为表面光滑的椭圆形,与绿豆淀粉、豇豆淀粉和红豆淀粉比较,豌豆淀粉具有较低的峰值黏度和较高的糊化温度。豌豆淀粉的链长主要分布在聚合度9~25,属长链型淀粉,是制备粉丝、粉皮的良好原料。该研究为豌豆淀粉的生产及应用提供参考。     

抗性淀粉分子结构特征研究

利用高效排阻色谱、紫外扫描、红外扫描等方法对玉米、小麦、马铃薯等不同来源抗性淀粉的分子结构特征进行了研究.结果表明:来自不同原料的抗性淀粉的聚合度类似,抗性淀粉的分子量分布不受淀粉种类的影响;抗性淀粉的聚合度小于直链淀粉的聚合度,且分子量分布比较集中;抗性淀粉形成过程中,其分子结构特征没有变化.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press