三种食品添加剂抑制菌体生物被膜形成

为探索有效手段清除生物被膜,作者采用二倍稀释法研究茶多酚、柠檬醛、肉桂醛对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌以及大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度。并在亚致死浓度下,利用微孔板法研究此3种天然产物抑制3种细菌及其混合菌的生物被膜形成以及群体感应信号分子AI-2的情况。结果表明,在亚抑菌浓度下,茶多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜抑制效果最好,肉桂醛对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的生物被膜抑制效果最好,而柠檬醛对所有细菌及其混合菌AI-2活力都具有抑制效果。     

食源性混合病原菌生物被膜行为对金黄色葡萄球菌毒素因子转录水平的影响

以食源性病原菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和肠炎沙门氏菌)形成的混合菌生物被膜为研究对象,对其定性和定量检测,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法分别检测单一菌和混合菌生物被膜中金黄色葡萄球菌28种目的毒素基因转录水平的变化。结果表明,结晶紫染色法、银染法和扫描电镜法均表明混合菌在培养24 h时达到最大黏附度;混合菌生物被膜中3种细菌的活菌数均低于单菌生物被膜中的活菌数;28种毒素基因在金黄色葡萄球菌中均被检出,且混合菌相对于单一菌生物被膜,上调量显著的有肠毒素基因sep、ser,显著下降的有溶血素基因hla和脱皮毒素基因etd,肠毒素基因seb表达量相等。     

具有抑菌特性的乳杆菌对食源性病原菌生物被膜形成的影响

以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌为指示菌,研究分离自内蒙古传统发酵食品中的5株乳杆菌对病原菌及其生物被膜的抑制作用。结果表明,5株乳杆菌对单一菌和混合菌生物被膜及AI-2分子相对活性均有抑制作用;ALAC-1和ALAC-5代谢产物抑菌效果较好,尤其对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用最好,ALAC-5抑菌率高达78.95%,ALAC-1可达69.47%;混合菌生物被膜对5株乳杆菌代谢产物的敏感性较弱,乳杆菌对其生物被膜抑制作用明显低于单一菌生物被膜。     

茶多酚、柠檬醛和肉桂醛对食源菌生物被膜的影响研究

研究茶多酚、柠檬醛、肉桂醛在亚抑菌浓度下对食源性金黄色葡萄球菌和肠炎沙门氏菌生物被膜形成能力的影响.采用二倍稀释法确定三种物质的最小抑菌浓度,在亚抑菌浓度下作用于10株金黄色葡萄球菌和10株肠炎沙门氏菌,用微孔板法检测两种细菌生物被膜形成情况.结果表明茶多酚、柠檬醛、肉桂醛在亚抑菌浓度下对金黄色葡萄球菌和肠炎沙门氏菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且随着各物质浓度的加大抑制作用也增强,茶多酚对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌成膜抑制能力比对革兰氏阴性菌肠炎沙门氏菌的成膜抑制能力要强,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).柠檬醛和肉桂醛对两种不同细菌的成膜抑制能力没有差异.     

乙二胺四乙酸对食源性混合病原菌生物被膜的抑制作用

该研究以食源性混合病原菌生物被膜(金黄色葡萄球菌-大肠杆菌-沙门氏菌)为研究对象,研究不同质量浓度的乙二胺四乙酸(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,EDTA)对混合菌生物被膜的抑制作用。结果表明,当添加0.25 mmol/L的EDTA时即可使混合菌生物被膜黏附率下降16.5%,检测AI-2分子活性和扫描电镜观察形态进一步证实了随着EDTA浓度的增加,黏附度逐渐减少;EDTA仅对处于黏附期(0～28 h)的混合菌生物被膜有抑制作用;添加二价金属离子(Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Fe~(2+))可增强混合菌生物被膜的稳定性。     

LuxS/AI-2型群体感应系统调控细菌生物被膜形成研究进展

生物被膜是大多数细菌在自然状态下的一种生长方式,使菌体具有浮游态时不具有的优势。它的形成和发展受到群体感应系统的调控,该系统是细菌依赖于群体密度而调控其生理行为的一种机制。其中LuxS/2型自诱导物（autoinducer 2,AI-2）群体感应系统又称种间群体感应系统,广泛存在于G＋及G－菌中。其信号分子AI-2被认为是种间通用的信号分子,参与调控多种细菌的生物被膜。此外,目前已发现多种LuxS/AI-2型群体感应系统抑制剂,它们可以影响许多细菌生物被膜的形成。目前研究人员已开始致力于揭示LuxS/AI-2型群体感应系统调控生物被膜形成的分子机制,这对于进一步理解LuxS/AI-2型群体感应系统与生物被膜的关系具有重要意义。     

405 nm LED处理对不锈钢片表面金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜的清除作用

该研究探究了405-nm LED(light-emitting diode)对不锈钢片表面金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜的清除作用.首先测定了405-nm LED对不锈钢表面金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜中活菌的灭活效果,随后通过分析405-nm LED处理后金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜对消毒剂的耐受性、生物被膜化学成分以及生物被膜微观结构...     

食源性金黄色葡萄球菌粘附素基因的检测及蛋白酶K和DNase Ⅰ对菌株被膜形成的影响

本研究以实验室保存的17株金黄色葡萄球菌食品分离菌株为研究对象,通过提取细菌DNA,采用PCR检测14种粘附素基因的分布情况,随后采用试管法和微孔板法对细菌成膜能力进行检测,进一步研究蛋白酶K和DNaseⅠ对生物被膜形成能力的影响。结果表明:17株菌株均携带clf B基因,检出率为100%,均不携带bap,bbp和clf A基因,有13株菌扩增出ica BC基因(76.5%),12株均扩增出cna基因(70.6%),11株菌扩增出eno基因(64.7%),10株菌分别扩增出fib和ica AD基因(58.8%),9株菌扩增出fnb A基因(52.9%),4株菌分别扩增出sas C,sas G和ebp S基因(23.5%),2株菌扩增出fnb B基因(11.8%)。试管法和微孔板法观察到17株菌株均有生物被膜形成,但不同菌株的被膜形成能力有差异,10号和30号菌株被膜形成能力显著强于其它15株菌(p0.05)。在细菌生长过程中,蛋白酶K、DNaseⅠ以及两种酶的联合处理发现蛋白酶K和DNaseⅠ处理组细菌生物被膜形成能力明显低于对照未处理组(p0.05),并且蛋白酶K对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜形成的抑制效果比DNaseⅠ好,但是两种酶联合处理效果与对照组差异不显著(p0.05)。本研究旨在为食源性金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜的形成与控制策略提供基础数据。     

培养条件对食源性混合病原菌生物被膜形成的影响

以食源性病原菌金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌及其混合菌为研究对象,采用单因素分析及BoxBehnken试验,确定混合菌生物被膜形成的最佳条件;通过96微孔板法分别测定胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤培养基(tryptone soybroth,TSB)、葡萄糖和NaCl对单一菌和混合菌在最佳条件下形成生物被膜能力的影响。结果显示,混合菌生物被膜的最佳培养基p H值为7,培养温度36℃,培养时间22 h;采用质量分数为1.6%的TSB培养基时,病原菌在最佳条件下形成的生物被膜黏附率最大;碳源促进了生物被膜的形成;NaCl质量分数大于0.4%时,食源性病原菌生物被膜的形成能力受到一定抑制。综上,培养条件能够影响病原菌生物被膜的形成。     

食品接触表面对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜形成的影响

在食品工业中,如果金黄色葡萄球菌粘附在食品接触表面并形成生物被膜,不但会造成设备的腐蚀,更重要的是会污染食品,影响了食品的安全性.生物被膜形成的第一步是微生物在食品接触表面的粘附.本文研究了4种不同食品接触表面对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜形成的影响.结果表明：与玻璃和PE塑料相比,不锈钢表面粘附形成生物被膜的活菌数较多.不同的食品接触表面影响了生物被膜的形成.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press