On a variationally formulated higher order shear deformable C0 element for the analysis of laminated composite plates

An alternative mixed variational theory for the higher order shear deformable plates is presented in this article. Based on this variational principle, the quadrilateral finite elements are derived for the numerical investigation. These elements, consisting of eight fields per node including three displacements, two rotations and three higher order moments, are applied for the bending analysis of laminated plates. An elegant least-square based variational projection method for the recovery of the transverse shearing stresses is also included. The Navier-type analytical solution using the developed mixed functional is appended to evaluate the present elements. The accuracy of the present elements and the effectiveness of the transverse-stress recovery scheme are illustrated through numerical examples.     

Flexural vibration of shear deformable circular and annular plates on ring supports

This paper presents an analysis of free flexural vibration of circular and annular Mindlin plates lying on multiple internal concentric ring supports. The Rayleigh-Ritz method with an admissible displacement function expressed in terms of a set of simple polynomials is used to obtain the governing eigenvalue equation. The natural frequencies of circular and annular Mindlin plates with one or two ring supports having inner and outer peripheries with different combinations of free, simply supported and clamped conditions are determined. A comprehensive set of vibration results is presented and, where possible, these have been verified with existing solutions published in the open literature. No previous theoretical results for thick annular plates supported with internal rings are known to exist. Thus the study should be useful and valuable to engineers and researchers.     

In-plane and shear buckling analysis of FG-CNTRC annular sector plates based on the third-order shear deformation theory using a numerical approach

The buckling analysis of thick composite annular sector plates reinforced with functionally graded carbon-nanotubes (CNTs) is presented under in-plane and shear loadings based on the higher-order shear deformation theory. It is considered that the plate is resting on the Pasternak-type elastic foundation. The overall material properties of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composites (FG-CNTRCs) are estimated through the micromechanical model. The governing equations are derived on the basis of the higher-order shear deformation plate theory, and the quadratic form of the energy functional of the system is presented. An efficient numerical method is presented in the context of variational formulation to obtain the discretized version of stability equations. The validation of the present study is demonstrated through comparisons with the results available in the literature and then comprehensive numerical results are given to investigate the impacts of model parameters on the stability of CNT-reinforced composite annular sector plates.     

三阶剪切变形板的振动特性研究

对于中厚板或层合板而言,横向剪切变形的影响是显著的,采用三阶剪切变形理论比采用经典薄板理论和一阶剪切变形理论能更好的满足精度的要求,而且能更好地描述板的剪切变形和剪应力沿厚度方向的分布情况.本文用解析的方法研究了简支、自由和固定三种边界条件的任意组合下三阶剪切变形板的自由振动问题.首先应用哈密顿原理建立自由振动方程,再通过引入中间变量使得原来耦合的自由振动方程得到解耦和简化,基于分离变量法,利用边界条件得到基函数的表达式,利用Rayleigh-Ritz法,求得三阶剪切变形板在任意边界条件下的固有频率和振型.本文得到的结果可以为厚板在工程中的应用提供理论依据,具有较高的工程实际应用价值.     

基于整体-局部高阶剪切理论的层合板多体系统的动静力学分析

基于高阶剪切理论,推导了整体-局部1,2-3高阶位移模式.在满足层间位移连续,层间剪应力连续,以及上下表面自由的条件下,层合板每个节点的独立变量变为13,并且不随层合板层数的增加而变化.在此基础上将整体-局部1,2-3高阶位移模式推广到刚-柔耦合层合板多体系统,利用混合坐标法,基于虚功原理,建立了考虑层合板层间应力连续的多体系统动力学方程.通过静力学算例,验证了整体-局部1,2-3高阶位移模式的准确性,得到了层合板层间应力沿着厚度的分布情况.通过多体系统动力学算例,对比了传统方法的计算结果,揭示了本文方法与传统方法在计算层合板多体系统中层间应力的差异,说明了刚-柔耦合层合板多体系统考虑层间剪应力连续的必要性.     

Finite element free vibration analysis of damped stiffened panels

Free vibration characleristics of a damped stiffened panel with applied viscoelastic damping on the flanges of the stiffeners are studied using finite element method. The complex nature of the rotational and transverse stiffnesses of the stringers is taken into consideration while deriving the stiffness and mass matrices of the damped stiffener element. The finite element method consists of representing the panel by rectangular plate elements of 12 d.o.f. and the stiffeners by beam elements of 8 d.o.f. which allow for bending, torsional and warping effects. Numerical results showing the effect of the geometric and material properties of the damping layer treatment on the resonant frequencies and loss factors of the composite panel are presented.     

Formal concept analysis of higher order

The second-order formal context is a formal context such that its object and attribute sets are disjoint unions of object and attribute sets of external formal contexts. Every subset of object or attribute set will be evaluated from concept lattice of the corresponding external formal context. The paper provides a method how to compute such second-order formal concepts by using of bonds between external formal contexts or by using heterogeneous formal context methods. The last part of the paper shows how this structure generalizes homogeneous fuzzy formal context and its derivation operators.     

Axial vibration analysis of a Rayleigh nanorod with deformable boundaries

Microsystem Technologies - In this study, the free axial vibration of Rayleigh nanorods with axial restraints is studied via Eringens’ nonlocal elasticity theory. This higher order elasticity...     

FEM analysis of buckling and thermal buckling of antisymmetric angle-ply laminates according to transverse shear and normal deformable high order displacement theory

Buckling and thermal buckling of the antisymmetric angle-ply laminates clamped and subject to in-plane edge loads or a uniform temperature rise are analyzed by the finite element method. A higher order displacement theory including higher order terms along the transverse direction, taking into account transverse normal strain, is applied through the analysis. Effects of important parameters, such as ply angle, ratio of thickness to edge length, number of layers, ratio of in-plane to transverse modulus, etc. are studied. The numerical results are presented.     

Numerical and experimental analysis of pure aluminium shear panels with welded stiffeners

In the field of passive seismic protection of framed buildings shear panels can be effectively applied as hysteretic devices. Recently, a wide experimental and numerical study has been undertaken at the University of Naples in order to investigate the behaviour of aluminium alloy stiffened shear panels. Test results show that the proposed system is characterised by a large energy dissipation capacity and therefore is suitable to be used for seismic protection of new and existing framed buildings. To simulate the hysteretic behaviour of the systems, according to the experimental tests, a refined FEM model has been set up. The comparison between experimental and numerical results shows that the adopted model is reliable enough to well interpret a number of important behavioural phenomena in terms of the main global features of the system.     

轴向运动三阶剪切变形板自由振动的有限元模型及应用

采用三阶剪切变形理论,通过虚功原理建立轴向运动板的有限元方程,利用一种包含节点挠度及其斜率和截面转角的四节点四边形单元离散求解域,随后将离散式弹簧支承这一约束首次通过系统势能的形式引入系统有限元方程中.在算例应用部分,首先考虑不同边界条件以及不同支承刚度,与ANSYS计算结果进行对比,证明方法的有效性.接着在两种边界条件下针对轴向运动薄板分别研究运动速度和弹簧刚度与系统复频率实部和虚部的关系,结果显示高速易使板失稳,而高弹簧刚度会提高系统的振动频率.最后,给出板厚与系统复频率的关系,揭示了板厚对轴向运动三阶剪切变形板稳定性的影响.     

Cylindrical bending of piezoelectric laminates with a higher order shear and normal deformation theory

An analytical solution, based on a higher order shear and normal deformation theory, is presented for the cylindrical flexure of piezoelectric plates. The primary displacement terms are expanded in thickness coordinate and an exact nature of electric potential is obtained in actuator and sensing layers. The electric potential function is evaluated by solving a second order ordinary differential equation satisfying electric boundary conditions along thickness direction of piezoelectric layer. A unidirectional composite plate attached with distributed actuator and sensor layers is analyzed under electrical and mechanical loading conditions and comparison of results with exact solution is presented. Results for non-piezoelectric plates are also compared with elasticity and other solutions of cylindrical bending.     

Failure analysis of laminated composite cylindrical/spherical shell panels subjected to low-velocity impact

A 4-noded, 48 d.o.f. doubly curved quadrilateral shell finite element based on Kirchhoff–Love shell theory, is used in the nonlinear finite element analysis to predict the damage of laminated composite cylindrical/spherical shell panels subjected to low-velocity impact. The large displacement stiffness matrix is formed using Green's strain tensor based on total Lagrangian approach. An incremental/iterative scheme is used for solving resulting nonlinear algebraic equations by Newton–Raphson method. The damage analysis is performed by applying Tsai–Wu quadratic failure criterion at all Gauss points and the mode of failure is identified using maximum stress criteria. The modes of failure considered are fiber breakage and matrix cracking. The progressive failure analysis is carried out by degrading the stiffness of the material suitably at all failed Gauss points. The load due to low-velocity impact is treated as an equivalent quasi-static load and Hertzian law of contact is used for finding the maximum contact force. After evaluating the nonlinear finite element analysis thoroughly for typical problems, damage analysis was carried out for cross-ply and quasi-isotropic cylindrical/spherical shell panels.     

Postbuckling of multilayer cylindrical and spherical shell panels reinforced with graphene platelet by isogeometric analysis

The present work fills a gap on the postbuckling behavior of multilayer functionally graded graphene platelet reinforced composite (FG-GPLRC) cylindrical and spherical shell panels resting on elastic foundations subjected to central pinching forces and pressure loadings. Based on a higher-order shear deformation theory and the von Kármán’s nonlinear strain–displacement relations, the governing equations of the FG-GPLRC cylindrical and spherical shell panels are established by the principle of virtual work. The non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) based isogeometric analysis (IGA), the modified arc-length method and the Newton’s iteration method are employed synthetically to obtain nonlinear load–deflection curves for the panels numerically. Several comparative examples are performed to test reliability and accuracy of IGA and arc-length method in present formulation and programming implementation. Parametric investigations are carried out to illustrate the effects of dispersion type of the graphene platelet (GPL), weight fraction of the GPL, thickness of the panel, radius of the panel and parameters of elastic foundation on the load–deflection curves of the FG-GPLRC shell panels. Some complex load–deflection curves of the FG-GPLRC cylindrical and spherical shell panels resting on elastic foundations may be useful for future references.

     

Wind turbine performance analysis based on multivariate higher order moments and Bayesian classifiers

A data-driven model based on Bayesian classifiers and multivariate analysis of the power curve (wind speed vs. power) for monitoring wind farms' performance is presented. A new outlier detection criterion and various control bounds on the skewness and kurtosis of the data for cluster separation and classification of turbines' faulty and normal state of operation are introduced. Further continuous monitoring is addressed with Hotelling's T² and Bayesian network approaches, and it is proven that under certain conditions, the outcomes of these two methods are equivalent. The Bayesian approach, however addresses the likelihood of classification, making supervised controls more flexible.     

Free vibration analysis of double-viscoelastic nano-composite micro-plates reinforced by FG-SWCNTs based on the third-order shear deformation theory

Microsystem Technologies - In this paper, free vibration analysis of a double viscoelastic nano-composite plate system reinforced by functionally graded single-walled carbon nanotubes (FG-SWCNT)...     

Geometrical criteria on the higher order smoothness of composite surfaces

A generalization of a theorem by Pegna and Wolter—called Linkage Curve Theorem—is presented. The new theorem provides a condition for joining two surfaces with high order geometric continuity of arbitrary degree n. It will be shown that the Linkage Curve Theorem can be generalized even for the case when the common boundary curve is only G¹.     

On the number of higher order Delaunay triangulations

Higher order Delaunay triangulations are a generalization of the Delaunay triangulation that provides a class of well-shaped triangulations, over which extra criteria can be optimized. A triangulation is order-k Delaunay if the circumcircle of each triangle of the triangulation contains at most k points. In this paper we study lower and upper bounds on the number of higher order Delaunay triangulations, as well as their expected number for randomly distributed points. We show that arbitrarily large point sets can have a single higher order Delaunay triangulation, even for large orders, whereas for first order Delaunay triangulations, the maximum number is 2ⁿ⁻³. Next we show that uniformly distributed points have an expected number of at least 2^{ρ₁n(1+o(1))} first order Delaunay triangulations, where ρ₁ is an analytically defined constant (ρ₁≈0.525785), and for k>1, the expected number of order-k Delaunay triangulations (which are not order-i for any i<k) is at least 2^{ρ_kn(1+o(1))}, where ρ_k can be calculated numerically.     

Note on nonstability of the linear functional equation of higher order

We provide a complete solution of the problem of Hyers-Ulam stability for a large class of higher order linear functional equations in single variable, with constant coefficients. We obtain this by showing that such an equation is nonstable in the case where at least one of the roots of the characteristic equation is of module 1. Our results are related to the notions of shadowing (in dynamical systems and computer science) and controlled chaos. They also correspond to some earlier results on approximate solutions of functional equations in single variable.