Numerical investigation on the multiphase flow field at various muzzle velocities

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - To predict the multiphase flow field during the underwater launch, a two-dimensional (2D) transient model and a visual experiment platform were...     

Numerical investigation of two-phase flow characteristics in multiphase pump with split vane impellers

Multiphase pump is a cost-effective option for subsea oil and gas field development. The ability to handle different inlet gas volume fractions (GVFs) especially high inlet GVF is critical to the development of pump performance. In this study, the two-phase flow characteristics in normal impeller and split vane impeller at different inlet GVFs were investigated by steady numerical simulations. The gas distribution on blade-to-blade plane and meridional flow channel at different inlet GVFs were analyzed and compared. Gas accumulation area and movement characteristics of the gas-liquid flow in impeller flow passage were also pointed out by unsteady simulations. Experimental results of the pump differential pressure were compared with the numerical simulation results, to validate the accuracy of numerical simulation method. The flow characteristics in pump with modified impeller and its performance at different inlet GVFs were both compared with that of the normal impeller. The steady simulation results of normal impeller in different inlet GVFs show that gas concentrating area in the flow passage increases as inlet GVF grows. The unsteady simulation results indicate that gas pocket firstly occurs on the pressure side of impeller, then moves to the suction side in the middle area of blade and finally transfers to outlet of impeller and disappears. The errors between numerical simulation results and experiment data are below 10 %, which validated the feasibility of the numerical simulation method. Simulation results on the split vane impeller demonstrate that the gas accumulation area in flow passage of the modified impeller is dramatically decreased compared to that of the normal impeller. The performance of the modified impeller is generally better than the normal impeller especially in high inlet GVF conditions.

     

Numerical investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in a helically-finned tube

In order to investigate the characteristics of flow and heat transfer rate in a Helically-finned tub (HFT), we used continuity, momentum and energy equations under a steady, three-dimensional and incompressible fluid flow assumptions. For the performance metrics, we considered the Darcy friction factor, Colburn j-factor, volume goodness factor and area goodness factor of the HFT. We could also evaluate the effect of geometry parameters on the results of local pressure coefficient, fluid vorticity and Nusselt number of the HFT. We carried out the CFD calculation for a range of laminar flow (Re = 100) and turbulent flow (Re = 2000 and 10000). In a laminar and turbulent flow regime, the friction factor increases with increasing the each geometric parameter. While the Colburn j-factor decreases as increasing these geometric parameters. Consequently, the thermal performance of HFT is poorer than that of single straight circular tube type because of having a small volume and area goodness factor as increasing the Reynolds numbers.     

Numerical investigation on the transient characteristics of sediment-laden two-phase flow in a centrifugal pump

The objective of this work was to determine pressure fluctuation and transient flow characteristics, which aims to provide references to improve noise and vibration performance for the pump design and optimization when delivering sediment-laden flow. The three-dimensional (3D) transient simulations were simulated by SST k-ω turbulence model combined with Homogeneous equilibrium model (HEM). The experimental and numerical data was compared to validate the numerical accuracy. The simulation results predicted that the concentration shows strong effects on the external performance, velocity, pressure, turbulent kinetic energy distribution and peak amplitude of pulsation frequency, which all perform increasing trend with the rise of concentration. Meanwhile, the effect of the diameter size of particles on the flow field was relatively minor, which can also evidently influence the internal flow, but the effect is not simply proportional to the diameter size. The effect of diameter size on silt flow needs to be taken into account associated with the concentration distribution. The dominant frequency of solid-liquid approximately equals 0.8 times that of pure water, and the transient characteristics of sediment-laden flow perform low frequency with high amplitude features.     

Numerical simulation of buoyant plume dispersion in a stratifice atmosphere using a lagrangian stochastic model

In the present paper, numerical simulations of buoyant plume dispersion in a neutral and stable atmospheric boundary layer have been carried out. A Lagrangian Stochastic Model (LSM) with a Non-Linear Eddy Viscosity Model (NLEVM) for turbulence is used to generate a Reynolds stress field as an input condition of dispersion simulation. A modified plume-rise equation is included in dispersion simulation in order to consider momentum effect in an initial stage of plume rise resulting in an improved prediction by comparing with the experimental data. The LSM is validated by comparing with the prediction of an Eulerian Dispersion Model (EDM) and by the measured results of vertical profiles of mean concentration in the downstream of an elevated source in an atmospheric boundary layer. The LSM predicts accurate results especially in the vicinity of the source where the EDM underestimates the peak concentration by 40% due to inherent limitations of gradient diffusion theory. As a verification study, the LSM simulation of buoyant plume dispersions under a neutral and stable atmospheric condition is compared with a wind-tunnel experiment, which shows good qualitative agreements.     

叶栅通道湍流流场的数值模拟方法的研究

采用标准k-ε湍流模型及壁面函数法对双圆弧平面叶栅通道进行数值模拟,开发了二维任意曲线坐标系下采用同位网格布局、能计算跨音速可压缩流动的SIMPLE方法计算程序.为提高精度,采用QUICK格式、CUI格式在不同的网格分布下计算,计算结果与文献和实验数据吻合较好.     

Experimental investigation of flow characteristics over asymmetric Joukowsky hydrofoil weirs for free and submerged flow

Weirs are one of the most common hydraulic structures used to regulate the upstream approach flow depth and measure the flow discharge. The hydrofoil weirs are a type of short-crested weirs that are designed based on the airfoil theory. These weirs have some merits compared to other types, such as a higher discharge coefficient, more stability, better submergence limiting condition, and lower fluctuations of the pressure and the free-surface profile. In the present study, experimental models of hydrofoil weirs with different relative eccentricities, cambers, angles of attack, and upstream slope angles are applied to investigate their hydraulic characteristics under free and submerged flow conditions. The longitudinal profiles of static pressure over different hydrofoil weirs are compared to circular-crested and ogee weirs. The results indicate that the maximum bed negative pressure belongs to the circular-crested weir, and the lowest bed pressure over the hydrofoil and ogee weirs are approximately the same. Applying a hydrofoil weir with an appropriate curvature and angle of attack instead of a circular-crested weir not only increases the structural weir height as well as the upstream water depth but also results in the lowest values of bed negative pressure, thereby reduces the potential of cavitation over the weir body, being safer hydraulic structures. The results also show that the discharge coefficient of hydrofoil weirs is greater than that of the broad- and short-crested weirs for the upstream approach flow depth relative to the weir crest to weir length h₁/L > 0.12 and is greater than that of the ogee weirs for 0.35 < h₁/L < 0.45. Furthermore, the derived relationships for the discharge coefficient, threshold submergence, and the discharge reduction factor due to submergence accurately predict the hydraulic characteristics of hydrofoil weirs compared to the available developed empirical relationships for these weirs and can be used efficiently for design purposes.     

Numerical investigation of wake flow control by a splitter plate

Unsteady separated flow around a square cylinder is simulated by using vortex tracing method to investigate the wake flow control by a splitter plate attached to the base of a bluff body. The numerical method is evaluated with selected numerical parameters for the case without the splitter plate. Then the method is applied to computations for different splitter plate lengths. Instantaneous flow patterns are scrutinized to see how the splitter plate affects the vortex formation behind the body and the downstream shedding. It is confirmed that the drag and the frequency are significantly reduced by the splitter plate, suppressing vortex shedding in the wake.     

Numerical analysis of plume characteristics and liquid circulation in gas injection through a porous plug

Two phase flows have been numerically calculated to analyze plume characteristics and liquid circulation in gas injection through a porous plug. The Eulerian approach has been used for formulation of both the continuous and dispersed phases. The turbulence in the liquid phase has been modeled using the standardk−ɛ turbulence model. The interphase friction coefficient has been calculated using correlations available in the literature. The turbulent dispersion of the phases has been modeled by the “dispersion Prandtl number”. The predicted mean flows is compared well with the experimental data. The plume region area and the axial velocities are increased with the gas flow rate and with the decrease in the inlet area. The turbulent intensity also shows the same trend. Also, the space-averaged turbulent kinetic energy for various gas flow rates and inlet areas has been obtained. The results are of interest in the design and operation of a wide variety of materials and chemical processing operations.     

Numerical analysis and experimental investigation on impeller-volute match characteristics

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Impeller-volute match is an essential issue of pump dynamic characteristics and it is very important for the understanding of the flow features in the...     

Numerical analysis of flow and pollutant dispersion over 2-d bell shaped hills

The numerical simulations of flow and pollutant particle dispersion are described for twodimensional bell shaped hills with various aspect ratios. The Reynolds-averaged incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with low Reynolds numberk-ɛ turbulent model are used to simulate the flowfield. The gradient diffusion equation is used to solve the pollutant dispersion field. The code was validated by comparison of velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds shear stress, speed-up ratio, and ground level concentration with experimental and numerical data. Good agreement has been achieved and it has been found that the pollutant dispersion pattern and ground level concentration have been strongly influenced by the hill shape and aspect ratio, as well as the location and height of the source.     

Numerical investigation of cavitating Herschel Venturi-Tubes applied to liquid flow metering

The objective of the present work is the numerical investigation of the applicability of hydrodynamic cavitating Herschel Venturi-Tubes to liquid flow metering. For this purpose, two- and three-dimensional simulations of cavitating flow in two different nozzle geometries were carried out using commercial CFD code. For several reasons, the Herschel Venturi-Tube proved to be superior to other types of nozzles such as the ISO 9300 with respect to liquid flow metering.     

Numerical investigation of dynamic behavior of a compound drop in shear flow

We present a numerical investigation of the deformation and breakup of a compound drop in shear flow. The numerical method used in this study is a two-dimensional front-tracking/finite difference technique for representing the interface separating two fluids by connected elements. The compound drop with the initially circular and concentric inner and outer fronts is placed at the center of a domain whose top and bottom boundaries move in the opposite direction. Because of the shear rate, the compound drop deforms and can break up into drops, depending on the flow conditions based on the Reynolds number Re, the Capillary number Ca and the interfacial tension ratio σ₂₁ of the outer to inner interfaces. We vary Re in the range of 0.1-3.16, Ca in the range of 0.05-0.6 and σ₂₁ in the range of 0.8-3.2 to reveal the transition from the non-breakup to breakup regimes. Numerical results indicate that the compound drop breaks up into drops when there's an increase in Re or Ca or a decrease in σ₂₁ beyond the corresponding critical values. We also propose a phase diagram of Ca versus Re that shows the region in which the compound drop changes from the deformation mode to the breakup mode.     

Numerical investigation of turbulent cavitating flow in an axial flow pump using a new transport-based model

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - With the aim to enhance the capability of predicting cavitating flows for conventional cavitation models, a developed alternative numerical model was...     

小流量工况下低比转速离心泵内部流场的数值分析

针对小流量工况下低比转速离心泵内部流动特性问题,通过运用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,并采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,对离心泵内部流场进行了数值模拟。采用3种不同网格数对离心泵模型进行了网格无关性分析以验证提高数值计算的准确性。沿进水管道至其进口端设置了监测点,分析了周向速度和轴向速度,得出了不同工况下发生回流的位置,分析比较了4种流量工况下离心泵内部的流场分布。结果表明:0.7Qd工况下,进水管道和叶轮流道中的流线均比较平滑,离心泵内部流动比较稳定。0.6Qd工况下,叶轮进口和叶轮流道开始产生了漩涡。随着流量的进一步降低,叶轮进口回流强度增大,叶轮流道中的漩涡逐渐向其相邻流道中扩展,离心泵内部的流态十分紊乱。     

Comparison of experimental and predicted atomization characteristics of high-pressure diesel spray under various fuel and ambient temperature

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the fuel temperature and the ambient gas temperature on the overall spray characteristics. Also, based on the experimental results, a numerical study is performed at more detailed and critical conditions in a high pressure diesel spray using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code (AVL, FIRE ver. 2008). Spray tip penetration and spray cone angle are experimentally measured from spray images obtained using a spray visualization system composed of a high speed camera and fuel supply system. To calculate and predict the high pressure diesel spray behavior and atomization characteristics, a hybrid breakup model combining KH (Kelvin-Helmholtz) and RT (Rayleigh-Taylor) breakup theories is used. It was found that an increase in fuel temperature induces a decrease in spray tip penetration due to a reduction in the spray momentum. The increase of the ambient gas temperature causes the increase of the spray tip penetration, and the reduction of the spray cone angle. In calculation, when the ambient gas temperature increases above the boiling point, the overall SMD shows the increasing trend. Above the boiling temperature, the diesel droplets rapidly evaporate immediately after the injection from calculation results. From results and discussions, the KH-RT hybrid breakup model well describes the effects of the fuel temperature and ambient gas temperature on the overall spray characteristics, although there is a partial difference between the experimental and the calculation results of the spray tip penetration by the secondary breakup model.     

Novel method for determination of flow velocities with pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance

A method for the determination of flow velocities with pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance is presented, based on a sequence of inhomogeneous 180 degrees pulses and a gradient in the stationary magnetic field. Results are shown for a capillary containing water with flow velocities in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm/s.