基于差分进化的中文情感分类集成算法研究

情感分类是一种从文本中提取情感倾向的文本分类任务。集成学习通过结合几个分类器,在情感分类任务上能够获得比个体分类器更好的分类效果。但是,由于个体分类器在数据集上的表现不同,个体分类器在集成方法中的权重难以确定。针对集成学习中个体分类器的权重优化问题,提出一种基于差分进化优化个体分类器权重的集成分类方法,并将其应用于中文情感分类。以分类准确率为适应度值,通过差分进化算法优化5种个体分类器的权重组合,在3个领域的评论语料集上进行实验。实验结果表明,与一般的集成方法相比,该方法在中文情感分类上有更好的分类效果。     

The development of a Web-based teaching system for engineeringeducation

This article discusses the development of a real-time interactive Web-based teaching system for engineering students. This remote teaching system will provide flexibility in future college education and could benefit distance learners wishing to update their knowledge or skill without interfering with their jobs. In addition to delivering conventional lecture notes via the Web and providing interactive feedback, the system enables some practical work to be distributed via the Internet; results of the work are monitored and analysed. Finally, the effectiveness of various approaches to using the Web for distance learning is reported     

韩语学习者的词汇学习策略对词汇能力的影响

1．前言 Wilkins（1972）曾经指出：语法缺失可以在一定程度上转达文章的意思,但是如果没有词汇,绝对无法转达文章的意思。可见词汇和语法,发音一样,在第二外语学习过程中占有重要的地位。词汇学习是语言学习的基础,没有一定的词汇积累,是无法学好语言的,然而,在我们的韩语学习课堂上,与语法教育相比,我们往往更加强调语法教育,在课堂上投入到词汇教育的时间相对比较少。     

Where learners' and teachers' perceptions on mobile learning meet: A case of Namibian secondary schools in the Khomas region

Globally, most governments have devoted resources to information and communication technology (ICT) development. Their goal is to improve teaching and learning using innovative technology in institutions of learning. This has brought about the formulation of educational ICT policies. These policies are aimed at guiding the implementation processes in schools. Namibia adopted the National ICT policy for Education in 2005 and the National ICT Policy Implementation Plan in 2006. Based on information, since the adoption of the policy, no study has been done to evaluate the implementation process, thereby making it difficult to ascertain the readiness of teachers and learners towards the adoption of these technologies of which mobile learning technology is one of them. This study analyses the perception of teachers and learners towards the adoption of mobile learning in Namibian high schools. The research is a mixed method study, undertaking surveys and interviews with learners and teachers from three schools in the Khomas region. The study uses the UTAUT as a guiding model to analyse teacher and learner perceptions towards mobile learning. Data collected after survey were analyzed using SPSS and excel tools, and then percentage analysis was done to find the key contributors towards to adoption of mobile learning in Namibian high schools. The findings were that the majority of teachers and learners in Namibian high schools are mobile ICT literate. Most of teachers and learners own handheld mobile devices, can access the internet, download education material and applications from the internet using mobile devices, use mobile devices as calculators, access social networking sites, search for definitions of words on mobile, send emails, conduct searches for material, read assignments and post comments on blogs. Both teachers and learners were positive that mobile technology would enhance their teaching and learning capabilities, assist in improving learner grades and accomplish teaching and learning activities quickly. Although learners were positive that mobile education should be made compulsory in schools, they feel that the decision lies with policy makers on whether schools should adopt it. Both learners and teachers feel that Namibia has the resources in place to introduce mobile learning without any glitches. These resources are in the form of infrastructure and human resources.     

Modified Rule Ensemble Method for Binary Data and Its Applications

Ensemble learning, which combines multiple base learners to improve statistical prediction accuracy, is frequently used in statistical science and data mining. However, because of their “black box” nature, ensemble learning models are difficult to interpret. A recently proposed rule ensemble method known as RuleFit presents the base learner as a production rule and also generates a measure that influences the response variable. The RuleFit method for binary response applies a squared-error ramp loss function, and base learners are weighted by shrinkage regression using the lasso method. Thus, RuleFit is not constructed by a logistic regression model. Moreover, highly correlated pairs of base learners may be excessively pruned by the lasso method. In this study, we solved the excess pruning problem by constructing RuleFit within a logistic regression framework, weighting the base learners by elastic net. The effectiveness ofour proposed RuleFit model is illustrated through a real data set. In small-scale simulations, this method demonstrated higher predictive performance than the original RuleFit model.

     

Learners as Knowledge Workers—Some Implications*

Traditionally, behavioristic models have been used for the design of interactive learning environments. In contrast, this paper proposes a pedagogical model based on social constructionism and phenomenology which we believe is more adequate when, for instance, information seeking and WWW become natural components in the learning situation. In this model, learners are seen as persons who continuously alter their conceptions and ideas by working with data, information, and knowledge, i.e. learners as knowledge workers. The most important point in viewing learners as knowledge workers is exactly that the learners change their understanding by working with the information, and that they do that with the help of cognitive tools. I see it as a necessity that the learning environment consists of tools that support them in their learning processes: tools for constructing, processing and observing information, data, and knowledge. Equally important in this new kind of learning situation are tools to establish and maintain focus, manage information overload, to bridge distances in the learning situation, and to communicate.     

Integrated Engineering Curricula

Increasing emphasis on interdisciplinary research and education requires researchers and learners to build links between distinct disciplines. In engineering education, work on integrated curricula to help learners build connections between topics began with three programs in 1988. Integrated curricula have connections to a larger movement in higher education—learning communities, which help learners to build interdisciplinary links and social links within a community. Integrated engineering curricula have provided concrete assessment data on retention and student performance to augment research on learning communities. While innovators in both movements have offered many prototypes and gathered many data, goals and results from programs implemented to date are not sufficiently well defined to guide the design and implementation of programs at other institutions. This paper discusses the importance of integration, reviews accomplishments to date, draws conclusions by analyzing those accomplishments, and suggests future initiatives.     

A Multi-Feature Weighting Based K-Means Algorithm for MOOC Learner Classification

Massive open online courses (MOOC) have recently gained worldwide attention in the field of education. The manner of MOOC provides a new option for learning various kinds of knowledge. A mass of data miming algorithms have been proposed to analyze the learner’s characteristics and classify the learners into different groups. However, most current algorithms mainly focus on the final grade of the learners, which may result in an improper classification. To overcome the shortages of the existing algorithms, a novel multi-feature weighting based K-means (MFWK-means) algorithm is proposed in this paper. Correlations between the widely used feature grade and other features are first investigated, and then the learners are classified based on their grades and weighted features with the proposed MFWK-means algorithm. Experimental results with the Canvas Network Person-Course (CNPC) dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Moreover, a comparison between the new MFWK-means and the traditional K-means clustering algorithm is implemented to show the superiority of the proposed method.     

不同水平的普通话学习者单字调声调感知研究

首先采用实验语音学的理论和方法进行比较分析,进一步了解普通话学习者声调学习的情况,通过定量研究的方法,对两种不同水平(高级水平和初级水平)学习者的声调感知进行声学分析并对学习普通话过程中的语调掌握状况展开探讨。考察了20名不同水平学习者对普通话声调学习的感知情况。按学习者对汉语9个单元音的4个声调感知和12个复合元音的4个声调的单字调辨认,以及阳平-上声的区分实验数据,统计学习者的辨认准确率、各调类的偏误率和反应时间,最后利用SPSS数据分析软件从统计的角度进行了辨认准确率和反应时间的相关性分析,分别对声调感知的准确率和反应时间的显著性差异进行检验。     

基于自主学习模式的图形思维教学系统研究

为满足学习者自主学习的需要，立足于“图形思维”思想，揭示看图的思维基础和各种思维方法。利用模拟仿真技术，促使学习者对空间形体进行广泛的构思和彼此联想。在教学模块中，揭示学习这门课程应有的知识准备；使用数据库功能实现了相应的在线测验；用附加模块对学习者进行学法指导和保证师生互动。     

基于 Internet 的智能在线绘图平台的研究与实现

Internet在现代教育系统中逐渐表现出它的优越性,基于网络的智能型画法几何在线绘图平台为学习者提供了不受时空限制的学习环境。在分析了画法几何教学特点的基础上,根据计算机图形学的基本原理,采用网络编程语言Java作为开发工具,研制了一种易用、灵活、智能型的在线绘图平台。它不仅具有交互绘图的功能,而且可以对学习者所绘制的图形正误进行实时判断与信息反馈,从而,开创了工程图学网络教育的又一有效方式。     

基于心流理论的移动学习应用交互设计研究

目的探究可提升移动学习类应用用户体验的交互设计方法。方法从心流理论的视角出发,将其3个条件因素分解成具体设计注意点,通过研究学习者的心理与行为特征以及学习过程中和产品的接触点,构建符合移动学习类应用的交互设计方法,并将该理论运用于实际项目中。结论通过将心流理论与移动学习应用的设计相结合,为学习者提供清晰明确的学习目标、准确即时的学习反馈、技能与挑战平衡的学习任务,从而创建出高效和有趣的沉浸式学习体验。     

A prototype safety system for new on-the-job training (OJT) in an anthropocentric cell manufacturing system

The anthropocentric cell manufacturing system (ACMS) discussed consists of a skill-based manufacturing scheduling system, a new on-the-job training (New OJT) system and a safety system. The New OJT was developed using e-learning and automated guided vehicle (AGV)-arm robot as a teacher for CNC machine training. Since the machines and the AGV-arm robot are automatic devices, controlled by computer programs, the dangers might arise during training. Therefore, the safety system is required to ensure that a learner will be safe. We propose a prototype of safety system with designed machine-protection in order to protect the learner from dangerous behaviours during a level 1 training of a New OJT in ACMS. The machine-protection focused on protection from danger using image processing with a background subtraction technique and comparison of objects’ position. We also evaluated safety assessments of the learners, consisting of human error probabilities (HEP) and a human error rate (HER). The prototype of this developed safety system showed that the machine-protection certainly raises a warning alarm when the learner rises into dangerous zones during the training. The evaluated safety assessments showed that our designed New OJT training level 1 course performed more efficient safety performance for self-training of the learner.     

A prototype safety system for new on-the-job training (OJT) in an anthropocentric cell manufacturing system

The anthropocentric cell manufacturing system (ACMS) discussed consists of a skill-based manufacturing scheduling system, a new on-the-job training (New OJT) system and a safety system. The New OJT was developed using e-learning and automated guided vehicle (AGV)-arm robot as a teacher for CNC machine training. Since the machines and the AGV-arm robot are automatic devices, controlled by computer programs, the dangers might arise during training. Therefore, the safety system is required to ensure that a learner will be safe. We propose a prototype of safety system with designed machine-protection in order to protect the learner from dangerous behaviours during a level 1 training of a New OJT in ACMS. The machine-protection focused on protection from danger using image processing with a background subtraction technique and comparison of objects' position. We also evaluated safety assessments of the learners, consisting of human error probabilities (HEP) and a human error rate (HER). The prototype of this developed safety system showed that the machine-protection certainly raises a warning alarm when the learner rises into dangerous zones during the training. The evaluated safety assessments showed that our designed New OJT training level 1 course performed more efficient safety performance for self-training of the learner.     

青少年学习场景下的智能产品体验设计研究

目的以青少年学习者为目标用户,从场景角度对学习型智能产品的体验设计进行分析,为此类智能产品的设计提供新路径。方法通过对目标用户及典型学习场景进行研究,获取青少年的学习习惯、行为以及需求等因素,以此为基础构建智能学习系统的概念原型,探究其中的体验要素。结论面向青少年的智能产品应具有系统化与场景化的特征,其概念原型有分离式、集成式以及增强式等类型,从实体界面要素、语音交互要素、手势交互要素以及光效要素等方面对产品的体验要素进行分析。     

基于KANO模型的“未来学习中心”教育家具服务系统设计

目的 针对高校建设“未来学习中心”的发展趋势,设计配套的教育类家具产品服务系统,提升学习体验与效率。方法 采用KANO模型对样本进行分析,从教育家具发展趋势中整合出四个维度共19组的产品需求指标,展开用户问卷分析,以梳理“家具系统与学习活动”的关系,从而实施教育家具服务系统的设计。结果 根据需求点的优先级排序,对学习空间的场景进行划分,形成服务系统图与蓝图,设计家具产品单元模块,规划教育家具的空间组合布局,从而形成教育家具服务系统。结论 通过对学习者的行为需求进行分析,从而展开服务设计研究,划分出“共创”“协作”“智慧”“专注”四类学习场景下的家具模块,创新学习场景,助推我国高等教育“未来学习中心”的试点建设。     

Students' Conceptions of Tutor and Automated Feedback in Professional Writing

Background Professional writing is an essential outcome for engineering graduates and hence a vital part of engineering education. To provide a successful learning experience for students engaged in writing activities, timely feedback is necessary. Providing this feedback to increasing numbers of students poses a major challenge for instructors. New automated systems work towards providing both timely and appropriate writing feedback, but students' views on automated feedback, and feedback in general, are not well understood. Purpose (Hypothesis ) To contribute to a deeper understanding of students' conceptions of feedback from tutors and an automated system called Glosser, and how these conceptions are related to achievement. Design /Method Students in an engineering course worked in pairs to write an engineering report on e‐business. The design of the study involves in‐depth interviews and the analysis employs an approach in which student conceptions of automated feedback are investigated in relation to related feedback from their tutor, perceptions of automated feedback in general, and their academic achievement. Results Students' conceptions of feedback vary and can be grouped into cohesive and fragmented, which is consistent with other theoretical models. Close associations were found between more cohesive conceptions of feedback and better academic performance. Conclusions A student's conception of traditional and automated feedback is similar, being either cohesive or fragmented. Changing one may change the other. Deep learners see feedback as a way of learning about the topic whereas shallow learners see them as a way to improve the communication aspects of writing. Design considerations based on these results are discussed.     

A Robust Resource Allocation Scheme for Device-to-Device Communications Based on Q-Learning

One of the most effective technology for the 5G mobile communications is Device-to-device (D2D) communication which is also called terminal pass-through technology. It can directly communicate between devices under the control of a base station and does not require a base station to forward it. The advantages of applying D2D communication technology to cellular networks are: It can increase the communication system capacity, improve the system spectrum efficiency, increase the data transmission rate, and reduce the base station load. Aiming at the problem of co-channel interference between the D2D and cellular users, this paper proposes an efficient algorithm for resource allocation based on the idea of Q-learning, which creates multi-agent learners from multiple D2D users, and the system throughput is determined from the corresponding state-learning of the Q value list and the maximum Q action is obtained through dynamic power for control for D2D users. The mutual interference between the D2D users and base stations and exact channel state information is not required during the Q-learning process and symmetric data transmission mechanism is adopted. The proposed algorithm maximizes the system throughput by controlling the power of D2D users while guaranteeing the quality-of-service of the cellular users. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively improves system performance as compared with existing algorithms.     

浅议连续传译中思维转换的三个阶段

文章探讨了连续传译中思维转换三个阶段——听力理解、记忆、表达——的不同特点，并在教学中付诸实践，以期提高口译教学质量及学员实践能力。     

A Brief Study of C-E Prose Translation by Zhang Peiji

在翻译学习中,有许多翻译技巧。通过对张培基先生汉译英散文翻译的研究,我们发现了他很多的翻译特点。这篇论文中的翻译技巧和特点将使翻译学习者很受用。