机匣处理对轴流风机性能影响的数值研究

为研究机匣处理对通风机气动性能的影响,以OB-84型动叶可调轴流风机为对象,基于Fluent对不同机匣处理方案下的风机性能进行了三维定常数值模拟。研究表明:不同机匣处理方案对风机性能均有明显影响,设计工况及大流量下全压和效率均有所提升,小流量下则与之相反;机匣处理改变了吸力面与压力面的静压分布,叶顶泄漏流减轻,叶片中上部通流能力增强,做功能力增加;对比各种开槽结构,圆形槽结构提升风机性能最为明显。     

叶顶间隙变化对轴流风扇性能影响的数值研究

运用三维粘性流动计算软件,对某含叶顶间隙的直叶片轴流风扇进行数值模拟。叶顶间隙按相对间隙进行取值,其大小分别为0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%,其它计算参数不变。通过对计算结果的对比分析,研究叶顶间隙变化对总体性能的影响。结果表明,叶顶间隙变化对轴流风扇性能有较大影响,随着叶顶间隙的增大,其效率、全压减小。     

轴流通风机气动稳定性研究

对轴流通风机叶尖区近失速点的非定常压力进行了试验研究,揭示了叶尖区近失速点的非定常特性。针对轴流通风机的结构特点,利用轴流叶轮机械三维旋转定性模型的二维简化模型对轴流风的工作特性进行了预测,得到了轴流通风机的不稳定起始,结果表明该轴通风机的失速裕度很大。     

完全可逆地铁风机的三维优化设计

采用试验设计、流场结构分析和叶片造型调整相结合的方法,对完全可逆地铁风机进行三维优化设计。结果表明在不改变风机外径、转速和叶尖间隙的情况下,风机的性能得到大幅改善。设计工况下,风机正转全压效率达到82.3%,比初始设计提高9.1%;风机反转全压效率达到79.1%,比初始设计提高3.3%;风机的内部流场合理,没有明显的分离和回流;风机出口低压区得到明显改善。风机的性能曲线比较平滑,变工况性能好;经性能试验验证,优化设计后的风机各项指标均达到了设计要求。     

Numerical study on near-stall flow unsteadiness in an axial compressor with casing treatment

Time-accurate numerical calculations were performed to investigate unsteady flow features in a low-speed axial compressor. The test compressor has axial skewed slots over the rotor tip region as casing treatment to improve the stall margin. The calculated data are in good agreement with the measured data. This paper reports the effect of casing treatment and flow unsteadiness on the rotor near stall by examining the flows in the smooth wall and casing treatment cases. The axial skewed slot can remove the blockage induced by the tip clearance leakage flow by removing and injecting the flow near the tip. However, for the casing treatment case, blockage is induced near the hub because the hub-corner stall is caused by a decrease in the axial momentum in this region. The tip leakage flow has inherent unsteadiness in the smooth wall case caused by the relatively large tip clearance, whereas the hub-corner stall has unsteadiness in the casing treatment case. The two types of unsteadiness have functions in inducing stall inception. Furthermore, axial slots of different sizes were tested to examine the effect of slot geometry on rotor flow stability. The change in flow structure related to the stall inception was subject to flow injection through the recirculation in the slots.     

T40风机最佳轮毂比数值优化分析

本文运用CFD数值模拟技术,针对T40风机,通过不同轮毂比方案进行流场结构与气动特性的比较分析,结果表明：在推荐轮毂比范围内,轮毂比跟压升和效率几乎呈线性递减关系,最高效率点出现在轮毂比0.35处,T40风机效率值仅处于中间水平;叶片扭曲轴线处和叶顶部分承受了最大载荷,轮毂比0.45时叶片负荷最小;轮毂比0.325时,周向平均径向速度分布出现明显＂畸变＂。     

Behavior of rotating stall cell in a high specific-speed diagonal flow fan

An experimental investigation was carried out to clarify unsteady flow fields with rotating stall cell, especially behavior of stall cell, in a high specific-speed diagonal flow fan. As its specific-speed is very high for a diagonal flow fan, its pressure-flow rate curve tends to indicate unstable characteristics caused by rotating stall similar to axial flow fan. Although for an axial flow fan many researchers have investigated such the flow field, for a diagonal flow fan little study has been done. In this study, velocity fields at rotor inlet in a high specific-speed diagonal flow fan were measured by use of a single slant hot-wire probe. These data were processed by using the ““Double Phase-Locked Averaging“ (DPLA) technique, i. e. phases of both the rotor blade and the stall cell were taken into account. The behaviors of stall cell at rotor inlet were visualized for the meridional, tangential and radial velocity.     

非设计工况下带分流叶片半开式离心叶轮内部流动特性数值研究（英文）

In order to investigate the complex flow characteristics inside an unshrouded centrifugal impeller with splitter blades at off-design conditions, and analyze its influence on pump operation stability, a numerical simulation study was carried on using the curvature-corrected SST-CC turbulence model; the head and efficiency accorded with experimental results. The pressure fluctuation, unsteady radial force and velocity were analyzed quantitatively and the numerical results indicate this: the peak to peak value of pressure fluctuation in the impeller channel gradually increases in the flow direction and at 0.49 Qn, the slope of peak to peak value to normalized impeller channel behind the splitter blade is 8.57 times greater than that before the splitter blade. The greater the flow rate deviates from the design condition, the larger the peak to peak value of the pressure fluctuation and radial force; in particular at 0.27 Qn, the maximum radial force is 194.29% greater than that of the design condition. When the operating flow rate is smaller than0.83 Qn, the stall occurs and the stall vortex could block the impeller discharge; as the flow rate decreases further, the pressure amplitude at rotational frequency gradually increases in the impeller channel and the prevailing frequency changes from the blade passage frequency(BPF) to the rotating stall frequency in the diffuser. The tip leakage vortex(TLV) is generated in the tip region and rotated move downstream in the impeller flow channel, and the backflows appear on the blade suction side and in the tip and the tongue regions; the smaller the flow rate, the more serious the TLV and backflow phenomenon. The rotating stall causes uneven flow in the impeller channel, increasing the pressure fluctuation and the radial force, and resulting in an imbalance of the impeller rotation.     

基于ANSYS的离心风机叶轮结构优化研究

叶轮是离心风机的核心部件,由于叶轮是高速旋转的部件,动静之间不能有接触,同时动静之间的间隙通过泄漏损失和二次流损失直接影响风机的效率。为有效地控制叶轮和形环之间的间隙,本文提出在叶轮轮盘侧添加凸台结构,采用4种改进设计方案。利用通用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行计算分析[1-3],综合考虑叶轮应力、应变等因素,最终得到了在新型设计方法下的最优设计方案。结果表明,新型设计改进方案有效地减小了叶轮的轴向位移量和径向位移量,为叶轮和形环之间的间隙设计提供了依据,进而可以最大限度地减少漏气损失和二次流损失。     

Comparative study of tip leakage vortex trajectory and cavitation in an axial flow pump with various tip clearances

In order to analyze the effect of blade tip-gap size on the tip leakage vortex (TLV) dynamics and TLV-induced cavitation, a scaled axial flow pump model was created and numerically studied by the combination of an improved SST k-w turbulence model and a homogeneous cavitation model. The trajectories of TLV core was obtained by using the swirling strength method at different tip-gap sizes vary significantly. The scale of TLV increases as the tip-gap size increases, and the starting point of TLV is sliding further downstream along the blade chord. The angle between the blade suction surface and the TLV also presented an increasing trend with the tip-gap size. The statistics of the velocity normal to the tip chord, as well as the turbulent kinetic energy (KTE) distributions were employed to illustrate a more disordered flow field, which was generated in the tip clearance in a larger amount of leaking flow due to the increased tip-gap size. The in-plain static pressure and vapor volume fraction distributions at different blade chord sections, coupled with three-dimensional cavitation patterns among three tip gaps, are further analyzed to verify the wandering motion of TLV, which shows good agreement with the visualization experiment. Considering the adverse effect of the TLV cavitation, a small tip gap is recommended for improving the axial flow pump performance.

     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PASSIVE CONTROL ON UNSTABLE CHARACTERISTICS IN AXIAL FLOW FAN

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对旋轴流风机叶顶间隙对其性能的影响

为了探究改变对旋轴流风机两级叶轮的叶顶间隙对其性能的影响，建立不同叶顶间隙下风机三维模型，利用Fluent进行数值模拟，并结合风机性能试验验证仿真的正确性。分析压升、效率、轴功率、湍流动能和叶顶泄漏涡随两级叶轮叶顶间隙的变化情况，结果表明：在相同流量下，压升、效率随间隙的增大而减小；与第一级叶轮相比，间隙对第二级叶轮的轴功率、湍流动能及泄漏涡影响更加显著；随间隙增大，叶顶泄漏涡的强度和影响区域越大。     

考虑轴向速度非均匀性的微型轴流风扇扭叶片设计及其对气动性能的影响

通过推导微型轴流风扇叶片出口轴向速度沿叶高的分布方程,提出了一种考虑轴向速度非均匀性的扭叶片设计方法.通过CFD技术,数值研究了利用该方法所设计的各种形式扭叶片的气动性能及其变工况时的气动特点,并比较了工作于"自模区"与"非自模区"风扇的气动性能的差异.研究结果表明:与"自模区"的风扇相比,就"非自模区"的风扇而言,压力曲线没有最高压力点,随流量减少而压力几乎呈线性增加,且无失速点.效率曲线则显得更为平坦;按"刚性涡"设计的扭叶片虽效率低,但风压高;提高叶轮的轮毂比有助于提升风扇压力与效率.     

低压轴流风机叶顶间隙对叶尖涡及外部性能的影响研究

基于其一动叶可调的低压轴流风机叶轮,通过对其在不同叶顶间隙下的叶顶区域进行数值模拟分析。计算结果分析表明:该轴流风机在叶顶间隙较小时虽然会出现泄漏流动,但不一定会出现泄漏涡,随着叶顶间隙的增大,泄漏流动将变得不明显,取而代之的是泄漏涡,并且泄漏涡的强度和影响区域随着间隙的增大而增大;在相同流量下,通风机的全压随着叶顶间隙的增大而减小;随着流量的降低,叶顶间隙越大,越早进入非稳定状态。     

A numerical investigation of flow and performance characteristics of a small propeller fan using viscous flow calculations

The present work is aimed at investigating an unusual variation in flow and performance characteristics of a small propeller fan at low flow rates. A performance test of the fan showed dual performance characteristics, i.e., radial type characteristics at low flow rates and axial type at high flow rates. Dual performance characteristics of the fan are numerically investigated using viscous flow calculations. The Finite Volume Method is used to solve the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations in the flow domain around a fan. The performance parameters and the circumferentially averaged velocity components obtained from the calculations are compared with the experimental results. Numerical values of the performance parameters show good agreement with the measured values. The calculation simulates the steep variations of performance parameters at low flow rates and shows the difference in the flow structure between high and low flow rates. At a low flow coefficient of ϕ=0.2, the flow enters the fan in an axial direction and is discharged radially outward at its tip, which is much like the flow characteristics of a centrifugal fan. The centrifugal effect at low flow rates makes a significant difference in performance characteristics of the fan. As the inlet flow rate increases, flow around the fan changes into the mixed type at ϕ=0.24 and the axial discharge at ϕ=0.4.     

对旋轴流风机叶顶间隙对其气动噪声的影响

为探究改变叶顶间隙对矿用对旋式轴流风机气动噪声的影响，建立不同叶顶间隙的风机三维模型，并结合风机性能试验验证模型的正确性。利用Fluent对风机进行定常模拟、非定常模拟和噪声预估，分析了声功率级和声压级随叶顶间隙的变化情况。结果表明：叶根与轮毂交界处、叶顶间隙处和相邻两叶片中间部位的声功率级随间隙的增加而增大，且叶顶处吸力面声功率级高于压力面。不同间隙下风机的A级声压值总体上呈先急剧下降后上升再逐渐下降的趋势，间隙变大后，风机在各监测点处的A级声压值随之增大。与高频处相比，间隙对中低频处的A级声压值影响更加显著。     

对旋式轴流风机全角度整机数值模拟及试验验证

通过对对旋式轴流风机采用不同的湍流模型进行多角度和多工况点整机数值模拟,并对比试制样机试验数据,探索湍流模型的规律性,为对旋式轴流风机全角度整机数值模拟下湍流模型的合理选择,提供了一定的依据;通过全角度整机数值模拟,有效地验证了全角度下风机的气动性能特性和设计工况点的合理性,并对I、II级叶轮叶片安装角进行正交数值模拟试验,筛选出I、II级叶轮叶片最佳匹配角度,通过进一步分析最佳匹配角度的气动性能,探索了两级叶轮功率最佳匹配关系。     

轴流通风机非稳定工况特性的试验研究

以6XF型轴流通风机为例,对风机的气动、噪声和振动等参数进行了测试,经综合分析发现,随着流量的减小,先出现其特征与旋转失速不同的失速工况,继而出现其特征与喘振不同的近壳壁旋绕倒流的工况.详细阐述了所进行试验的结果并进行了分析,得出了结论.     

对旋轴流风机叶顶形态对其性能的影响

为了探究改变叶顶结构对风机性能的影响，采用Fluent对不同叶顶形态的对旋轴流风机性能进行数值模拟。分析了不同叶顶形态对风机效率、全压、叶顶泄漏流和泄漏涡的影响。结果表明：风机效率随叶顶开槽长度的增加而增大。在开槽长度和深度相同时，与第一级叶轮相比，改变第二级叶轮的叶顶形态对风机性能的改善更加显著。与后缘相比，在叶顶前缘开槽对风机性能改善更大。叶顶开槽后，间隙处形成泄漏涡，且叶顶泄漏流入口处涡流强度明显提高，可有效削弱叶顶泄漏流的发展，改善风机性能。     

带扩散塔的矿用对旋式轴流通风机三维流场数值模拟

以带扩散塔的矿用对旋式轴流通风机为研究对象,应用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对通风机气动性能进行三维流场模拟,研究通风机内部三维流场的流动状况;结果表明:受扩散塔结构的影响,气流在进入扩散塔区域后其速度和方向发生了改变,导致气流在扩散塔出口处左侧区域的流动速度变得缓慢,而在扩散塔出口处右侧区域其气流的流动速度却变快。同时在靠近扩散塔左壁面区域出现了回流现象,从而造成了气流流速和压力在扩散塔出口处的分布极不均匀,加大了气流与右壁面的摩擦,进而降低通风机的气动性能。针对现有通风机扩散塔结构设计中存在的不足,文中提出了相应改进方案,该方案可以有效遏制扩散塔出口处回流的形成,改善通风机流道内气流的流动状况,同时提高矿用对旋式轴流通风机的气动性能。研究结果对矿用对旋式轴流通风机的优化设计具有一定的指导意义。