CNTs/Ta3N5 Nanocomposite with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity Under Visible Light Irradiation

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Ta₃N₅ nanocomposite is presented as a novel photocatalyst working under visible light irradiation. The results of Fourier transform infrared analyses and transmission electron microscopy indicate that a good interfacial combination has formed between CNTs and Ta₃N₅ nanoparticles. The CNTs/Ta₃N₅ nanocomposite shows strong absorption in the visible light range compared with pure Ta₃N₅ and has a bandgap energy of 2.01 eV. The photocatalytic experiments show that the nanocomposite has a higher photocatalytic activity than Ta₃N₅ nanoparticles.     

Preparation and Properties of Nanocrystalline α-Fe2O3-Sensitized TiO2 Nanosheets as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

We present a novel approach for the fabrication of α-Fe₂O₃-sensitized TiO₂ nanosheets. The TiO₂ nanosheets with partly curly surfaces and large surface areas can rapidly absorb the methylene blue (MB). The absorption and degradation of MB are investigated. Results show that the photocatalytic activities of α-Fe₂O₃ make the MB degradation efficient under visible light irradiation. By coupling two semiconductor systems, electrons can be injected from an excited small band gap semiconductor into TiO₂ under visible light. Such a modification is expected to lead to new or enhanced properties.     

Sol–Gel Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of CeO2/TiO2 Nanocomposites

Uniform CeO₂ / TiO₂ composite nanoparticles with different Ce/Ti molar ratios have been successfully synthesized via the sol–gel method. The samples were characterized using differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface state analysis by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that the Ti element mainly exists as a chemical state of Ti⁴⁺, while the Ce element exists as a mixture of Ce³⁺ and Ce⁴⁺ oxidation states. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MeO) in CeO₂ / TiO₂ suspension was investigated. The results indicate that the CeO₂/TiO₂ nanocomposites show higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO₂. Photodegradation of MeO can be improved by increasing the Ce/Ti molar ratio in the initial 15 min.     

Preparation of Necklace-Structured TiO2/SnO2 Hybrid Nanofibers and Their Photocatalytic Activity

TiO₂/SnO₂ nanonecklace-structured hybrid nanofibers have been prepared via an electrospinning method. These hybrid nanofibers are characterized with SnO₂-rich beads and pure TiO₂ chains. It is found that TiO₂ in the beads shows a rutile structure, and the one in the chains is entirely composed of anatase phase. This novel microstructure enhanced the photocatalytic activity, as well as its ideal recyclable character. We believe that this fire-new type of nanofiber may potentially serve as a new generation photocatalyst in environmental remediation.     

Synthesis and Properties of CdSe-Sensitized Rutile TiO2 Nanocrystals as a Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalyst

CdSe-modified rutile TiO₂ nanocrystals with mercaptoacetic acid as a stabilizer were prepared by the hydrothermal method. The photoactivities of the new photocatalyst under visible light illumination were demonstrated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The effects of CdSe content on the absorption spectra and photoactivities were discussed. After sensitization, TiO₂ significantly responded to visible light illumination and the visible light photoactivities also increased.     

Porous Photocatalytic TiO2 Thin Films by Aerosol Deposition

Porous photocatalytic TiO₂ thin films were fabricated by the leaching technique, followed by aerosol deposition. Mixed powders of TiO₂ and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were aerosol deposited at room temperature for the initial fabrication of composite films. After the β-TCP phases were leached out from the composite films in a diluted HCl aqueous solution for 24 h, porous TiO₂ films remained on the substrate. To fabricate these porous films, the β-TCP content was varied from 10 to 45 wt% and submicrometer-sized pores were formed after leaching. The porous TiO₂ films showed strong initial photocatalytic activities due to the adsorption effect of the pores and the enlarged surface area.     

Photocatalytic Activity of Novel Ag4V2O7 Photocatalyst Under Visible Light Irradiation

In this study, pure Ag₄V₂O₇ was synthesized via hydrothermal method without surfactant at different temperatures (100°C, 120°C, and 140°C) and pH values (4 and 5) for the first time. Moreover, Ag₄V₂O₇ nanoparticles with homogeneous size distribution about 200–300 nm can be obtained by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone to the synthesis system. Effects of hydrothermal synthesis conditions on photophysical properties and photocatalytic activity of Ag₄V₂O₇ were investigated systematically. Ag₄V₂O₇ sample prepared at 120°C and pH = 4 had the optimal photocatalytic activity among these samples, which almost completely degraded 10 ppm Rhodamine B within 3 h under visible light irradiation (420 nm < λ < 800 nm). The degradation products were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy. The active species involved in the degradation process were analyzed by means of adding active species scavengers, electron spin resonance techniques, and photoelectrochemical experiments. A possible mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants on Ag₄V₂O₇ photocatalyst was proposed and discussed preliminarily.     

Photocatalytic Activity of Monodispersed Spherical TiO2 Particles with Different Crystallization Routes

Monodispersed spherical TiO₂ particles were prepared by hydrothermal crystallization and/or calcination of spherical amorphous particles, synthesized by thermal hydrolysis of TiCl₄. The crystallized spherical particles were secondary agglomerates of primary nanocrystallites. Different crystallization routes and conditions provided the spherical TiO₂ particles with wide particle characteristics, such as the fraction of crystallization, the size and shape of the primary nanocrystallites, and the specific surface area. The photocatalytic activity showed complex dependence on the crystallization routes and conditions. The complex dependence behavior could be explained by combining the effects of the fraction of crystallization, the specific surface area, and the adsorption ability for hydroxyl ions. Especially, in the present study, the hydrothermally crystallized TiO₂ particles with large primary nanocrystallites showed the highest photocatalytic activity. The high photocatalytic activity mainly resulted from the high surface adsorption ability for hydroxyl ions, which was closely related to the well-developed (flat and faceted) morphology of primary nanocrystallite.     

Enhanced Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Performance of La-Doped TiO2−xFx

La-doped TiO_{2− x} F _x (La–TiO_{2− x} F _x ) powders were prepared by the sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction results showed that La efficiently inhibited grain growth. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra revealed that La₂O₃ and O–Ti–F bonds have formed, the La₂O₃ maintained the high surface area of TiO_{2− x} F _x after calcination at a temperature above 500°C, while the O–Ti–F bonds increased the oxidation potential of the photogenerated hole in the valence band. The UV-vis spectroscopy of the La–TiO_{2− x} F _x showed that the presence of intraband gap states was likely responsible for its absorption of visible light. When the molar ratios of La and F to Ti were 1.5:100 and 5:100, respectively, and calcined at 500°C, the photocatalytic degradation rate of methylene blue over La–TiO_{2− x} F _x was about 1.5 times higher than that of F-doping TiO₂.     

Meso-C@TiO2 @Ag复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用混合溶剂法,通过改变钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)的量合成一系列不同比例的RF@TiO2核-壳结构,于氮气气氛600℃下煅烧得到meso-C@TiO2,进一步对所得产物表面进行贵金属沉积最终得到meso-C@TiO2@Ag复合光催化剂.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、全自动比表面积及微孔物理吸附仪(BET)等对样品的成份、形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明,成功制备了meso-C@TiO2@Ag三元介孔复合光催化材料,并且比表面积达到173.9 m2/g.在可见光照射下,以降解亚甲基蓝为模型,探讨了TBOT用量以及Ag负载量对产物光催化性能的影响.研究发现,当加入TBOT的量为0.3mL、AgNO3的投入量为10wt％时,所制备的meso-C@TiO2@Ag对亚甲基蓝的降解效果最佳,40 min内降解率接近100％,性能明显优于市售的纳米二氧化钛P25.     

硼银共掺杂二氧化钛材料的制备及光催化性能的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,硝酸银和硼酸为掺杂剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备硼银共掺杂二氧化钛催化剂,采用紫外可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)对样品进行表征。以400W金卤灯为光源降解20mg/L甲基橙溶液,光照30min分别探究Ag摩尔分数、B摩尔分数、煅烧温度、煅烧时间等制备条件对光催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,银硼共掺杂二氧化钛是结构不规则、大小不均匀的块状颗粒,硼、银离子成功掺入TiO2中。硼银元素的掺入使TiO2的光谱响应范围向可见光方向发生了明显红移。当煅烧温度为400℃,煅烧时间为2h,Ag摩尔分数为1.2%,B摩尔分数为6mol%时,Ag-B-TiO2降解效果最为显著,降解率为89.47%。     

Preparation, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity of N, S-Codoped TiO2 Nanoparticles

The doping of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) with various metal or nonmetal elements has been considered as an effective strategy to extend the photoactive wavelength region to visible light. In this paper (nitrogen [N] and sulfur [S])-codoped anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared via a sol–gel route, followed by a heat treatment at elevated temperatures. The as-prepared samples were extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The N, S-codoped TiO₂ nanoparticles showed a strong visible light absorption and exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue as compared with the pure, N- or S-doped TiO₂ under either UV light or solar light irradiation.     

Solubility of TiO2 in ZrO2

The solubility of TiO₂ in tetragonal ZrO₂ is 13.8±0.3 mol% ui 1300°C, 14.9±0.2 mol% at 1400°C, and 16.1±0.2 mol% at 1500°C. These solid solutions transform to metastable monoclinic solid solutions without compositional change on cooling to room temperature.     

具有可见光催化活性的TiO2系光催化剂研究进展

由于受激发波长的限制，TiO2只能利用太阳能中不足5％的紫外光。本文较为详细NTiO2可见光催化剂的制备、性能及应用进行了综述。研究表明，通过金属及非金属离子掺杂改性、离子注入以及染料光敏化等方法可以将TiO2光催化反应红移到可见光区域进行。     

TiO2 Nanoparticles with High Photocatalytic Activity Under Visible Light

TiO₂ nanoparticles (C-TNT) with high visible light activity were obtained by carbonization of titania nanotubes (TNT) in an ethanol atmosphere under elevated pressure at 180 and 220 °C. New material was characterised by means of UV–Vis/DR, FTIR/DRS, TEM, and XRD. The photocatalytic activity was tested during monoazo dye decomposition under artificial solar light irradiation. Modified photocatalyst (220 °C, 4 h) had higher photocatalytic activity than both the pristine and commercial P25 catalysts.     

ZnO Nanofiber and Nanoparticle Synthesized Through Electrospinning and Their Photocatalytic Activity Under Visible Light

In this paper, we fabricate ZnO nanofibers and nanoparticles through electrospinning precursor solution zinc acetate(ZnAc)/cellulose acetate(CA) in mixed-solvent N , N -dimethylformamide/acetone. Depending on the posttreatment of precursor ZnAc/CA composite nanofibers, both ZnO nanofibers and nanoparticles were synthesized after calcination of precursor nanofibers. The morphology and crystal structure of the ZnO nanofiber and nanoparticle were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the mean diameter of the ZnO nanofiber and nanoparticle was ca. 78 and 30 nm, respectively. The photo-degradation of dye molecules such as Rhodamine B and acid fuchsin catalyzed by the ZnO nanofiber and nanoparticle was evaluated under the irradiation of visible light. Both morphological ZnO species showed strong photocatalytic activity. However, the ZnO nanofiber in the form of nanofibrous mats showed much higher efficiency than the nanoparticle although the latter has a smaller size than the former. The porous structure of ZnO nanofibrous mats is believed to improve the contacting surface areas between the catalyst and the dye molecules, while the aggregation of ZnO nanoparticle in the solution lowers the photocatalytic efficiency.     

Formation of Nanometric TiB2 from TiO2

Titanium diboride can be produced by ball-milling a mixture of TiO₂, B₂O₃, and Mg metal for between 10 and 15 h. The reaction was found to be completed during the milling with no evidence of residual Mg. The unwanted phase, MgO, was readily removed by leaching in acid. The leached powder obtained after 15 h milling had a particle size of <200 nm and was highly faceted. The particle size decreased to ∼50 nm after 100 h milling and seemed to be relatively monodisperse. Scherrer calculation of the crystallite size showed that the product particles were probably single crystal.     

TiO2 Produced by Vapor-Phase Oxygenolysis of TiCI4

The formation of TiO₂ powders by oxygenolysis of TiCI₄ was studied with emphasis on the effects of reaction conditions on the particle size of the products. The particle size of TiO₂(anatase) decreased with increasing reaction temperature or O₂concentration and with decreasing TiCI₄ concentration. The results are compared with those for the oxygenolysis of AlBr₃and SiCI₄. It was found that the reactivity of metal halides with O₂ is closely related to the ease of dissociation of the first halogen atom.     

Nanostructure of TiO2 Nano-Coated SiO2 Particles

We characterized SiO₂–TiO₂ nano-hybrid particles, prepared using the sol–gel method, using high-resolution transmission microscopy. A few nanometer-ordered TiO₂ anatase crystallites could be observed on the monodispersed SiO₂ nanoparticle surface. The quantum size effect of the TiO₂ anatase crystallites is attributed to the blue shift of the absorption band. The rough surface of the SiO₂–TiO₂ nano-hybrid particles was derived from the developed growth planes of the TiO₂ anatase crystallites, grown from fully hydrolyzed Ti alkoxide that did not react with acetic acid during the crystallization process at 600°C thermal annealing.