改进梯度和自适应标记提取的分水岭新算法

为了克服分水岭算法的过分割问题,提出了一种基于改进形态学梯度和自适应标记提取的分水岭新方法。用两组结构元素进行梯度计算;对重构后的梯度图像用Otsu算法提取标记;用h-minima变换修改标记图像,将各尺度下标记点的并集作为最终的标记图像;对修改的梯度图像进行分水岭变换。实验结果表明：与传统分水岭算法相比,该算法对于改善过分割现象有明显的效果,能够获得具有实际意义且更合理的分割区域。     

基于特征灰度和分水岭变换的甲藻横沟区域分割

针对分水岭变换存在的过分割问题,提出了一种新的图像分割方法。该方法利用灰度包容球获取图像特征灰度集合,通过降低图像中灰度级数目减少无意义的局部极小值区域,对灰度重构后的梯度图像极小值区域采用自动阈值法进行标记并对标记加以质心、形状和面积约束,对修改后的梯度图像采用分水岭变换实现甲藻显微图像中横沟区域的分割。实验证明,该方法可比传统方法更合理地分割出横沟区域,有效抑制了过分割现象。     

基于分水岭变换的粘连颗粒图像分割方法

提出了一种基于分水岭变换的粘连颗粒图像分割方法. 首先对图像进行预处理,进行二值化;然后通过距离变换和灰度形态重构得到每个目标的种子区域（目标标记）;再根据目标标记使用强制最小技术修正距离变换图;最后,对修正后的距离变换图进行分水岭变换,得到分割结果. 在Matlab环境下进行实验,结果表明该算法效果良好,能有效的抑制过分割.     

一种改进的医学图像分水岭分割算法

为了提高医学图像分割的准确性, 针对分水岭分割算法中的过分割问题, 提出了一种改进的医学图像分水岭分割算法。该算法首先在分水岭变换前进行预处理初步分割, 主要包括多尺度形态学滤波、多尺度梯度算子计算、自适应标记提取以及分水岭变换; 然后在初步分割变换后, 通过基于邻接图的区域灰度相似性与边界相似性相结合的合并准则, 对分割后的区域进一步合并。实验结果表明, 新算法有效地解决了分水岭算法的过分割问题, 具有较强的抗噪性能和边缘定位能力, 能够满足医学图像的分割要求。     

结合巴氏系数和灰度共生矩阵的遥感影像分割

针对遥感影像纹理信息丰富的特点,以及传统分水岭变换用于遥感影像分割容易出现过分割的问题,提出了一种基于巴氏系数和灰度共生矩阵的区域合并方法改进分水岭算法的分割结果。首先,利用数学形态学的方法提取原始影像的梯度图像,并且从梯度图像中获取标记;其次,在标记的梯度图像上进行分水岭变换,得到初始分割图像;最后,利用所提出的结合巴氏系数和灰度共生矩阵的区域合并方法对过分割区域进行合并,得到最终分割结果。实验结果表明,该算法既能得到连通,封闭的分割轮廓,还能有效解决分水岭分割算法的过分割问题,得到了较为准确的分割结果。     

基于快速mean-shift聚类与标记分水岭的图像分割方法

针对传统分水岭变换算法在图像分割过程中容易产生过分割问题,提出基于快速mean-shift聚类和标记分水岭变换的图像分割算法。首先利用快速mean-shift聚类算法对原始图像进行预处理,确定分割区域和聚类数目;利用sobel算子进行梯度处理;对处理后的图像做形态学运算,并给每个集水盆分配不同的标记,按升序访问每个像素点,依次浸没到集水盆中,完成图像分割。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效分割医学影像,并解决了分水岭变换引起的过分割问题。     

基于形态学梯度重构和标记提取的分水岭图像分割

为了解决传统分水岭算法的过分割问题,提出一种使用形态学梯度重构和标记提取技术进行图像预处理的分水岭图像分割方法。该方法基于多尺度概念,进行梯度重构时采用了不同尺寸的结构元素,在对重构后的各梯度图像的区域极小值进行标记后,将各标记点的并集作为最终标记图像,用其修改梯度图像,然后进行分水岭变换,实现图像的区域分割。实验结果表明,该方法既能有效解决分水岭算法的过分割问题,又保留了各尺度下的重要目标,并且可以根据图像特点和具体的分割要求,调整分割过程中所选参数,得到满意的图像分割效果。     

基于数学形态学和区域合并的医学CT图像分割*

针对传统分水岭算法分割腹部CT图像存在的过分割情况,提出了一种基于形态学优化和区域合并的分水岭分割算法。该方法先利用多尺度数学形态学方法检测出梯度图像,并用形态学重构去除细密纹理和噪声引起的局部极值,然后进行分水岭变换。为了产生有意义的分割,采用简单的区域灰度均值对变换后的图像进行有效的合并。实验结果表明,该方法能有效解决分水岭算法的过分割问题,得到较好的分割效果。     

基于标记的分水岭图像分割算法研究

本文针对分水岭算法的过分割问题,设计了一种结合形态学运算的基于标记的分水岭算法.算法首先对梯度图像进行形态学开重建运算和形态学闭重建运算滤波平滑;然后去掉图像中像素个数小于20的局部极小值区域,提取前景标记;用Otsu法求阈值,对二值图像进行距离变换,分水岭分割,得到的分水线图像作为背景标记;最后用强制最小技术修改梯度图像,进行分水岭分割.实验结果表明,此方法能有效抑制过分割,得到与人工标注的分割目标更接近的结果.     

分水岭变换在岩屑图像分割中的应用

分水岭变换是一种基于区域和数学形态学的图像分割方法,被广泛用于灰度图像的分割之中.但传统分水岭变换过分割问题严重,图像的噪声和虚假纹理会淹没真正想得到的边缘信息.针对岩屑图像的特征,提出了一种改进的分水岭算法分割方案.先在预处理期用形态学开闭重建运算对原始图像平滑处理,在相对保留边缘不受影响的同时,降低噪声的影响.再通过非线性的阈值变换分离出目标和背景,然后在提取出目标的情况下合并过小区域,得到目标的边缘.而由于阈值变换后,区域数量已经明显减少,可以降低区域合并的运算量,提高合并速度.在求取形态学梯度时,选用了一种新的形态梯度形式,消除了形态学处理对分割结果造成的轮廓偏移现象.从实验结果看来,该算法取得了较好的分割效果.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。