香菇营养面包的研制

以面包粉和香菇粉为原料,通过对香菇粉、白砂糖、酵母的添加量进行研究,生产出一种新型的营养面包。结果表明,香菇营养面包的生产工艺条件为:面包粉100 g、香菇粉1.5 g、糖20 g、酵母1.5 g,发酵温度30℃,发酵时间90 min,醒发温度32℃,醒发时间1 h,烘烤温度为上火190℃,底火200℃,烘烤时间15 min。在此工艺下制作的面包外观和内在质量都较好,风味能被消费者接受。     

红平菇面包的加工工艺

以面粉、红平菇为原料,通过对面团配比、发酵、醒发以及烘烤等工艺参数的研究,生产出一种新型面包.结果表明菇类面包的生产工艺条件为:高筋面粉100 g、4 g红平菇粉、20 g蔗糖、1.3 g干酵母,发酵温度为28℃,发酵时间为90min,醒发温度为35℃,醒发时间为120min,烘烤温度为面火190℃,底火200℃,烘烤时间为10 min.在此工艺下制作的面包外观质量和内在质量都较好,风味能被消费者所接受,而且,营养价值高于普通面包,其中,蛋白质含量增加了2.3%,膳食纤维增加了0.4%,灰分增加了0.2%,脂肪含量减少了0.6%,淀粉减少了2%.     

青麦仁面包加工工艺优化方法探讨

以20%的青麦仁粉和80%的面包粉为主要原料,采用二次发酵法制作面包,以面包的感官评价值为考核指标,比较了发酵时间、烘烤时间、烘烤温度等加工工艺条件对青麦仁面包品质的影响。通过加工工艺响应面优化实验得出影响青麦仁面包感官品质的因素从大到小依次是:发酵时间搅拌时间烘烤时间烘烤温度。响应面优化得出最佳实验条件为:搅拌时间为25.68 min、发酵时间为98.83 min、烘烤时间31.30 min、烘烤温度190.95℃,在此条件下,青麦仁面包的感官评价值为89.51。     

超强筋小麦粉面包烘焙技术研究

为了烘焙出能充分表现超强筋小麦济麦229面粉品质特性的优良面包,设置了4种醒发时间处理、5种酵母和糖用量处理、4种配粉处理,对超强筋小麦面粉的面包品质进行了评价分析。结果表明,在4个醒发时间处理中,当面团醒发时间为30 min和面包胚醒发时间为50 min时,烘焙的面包品质最好。在5种酵母和糖用量的处理中,利用吐司面包程序时,干酵母和糖的用量分别为6 g和24 g时烘焙的面包品质最好;利用法式面包程序时,干酵母和糖的用量分别为3 g和18 g时烘焙的面包品质最好。在4个配粉处理中,200g超强筋小麦济麦229面粉中添加100 g普通小麦济麦22面粉的混粉烘焙得到的面包品质最好。因此,适当调整超强筋小麦粉面包的面团、面包胚醒发时间及物料配比,可以烘焙出品质优良的面包。     

荞麦苗粉面包的配方和工艺优化

为了提高面包的营养价值,扩大具有活性成分的植物在膳食中的应用,本研究以荞麦苗粉为面包辅料,探讨了荞麦苗粉面包的最佳制作工艺。采用单因素实验、正交试验等方法,以比容、质构、感官评价等为指标,进行了荞麦苗粉营养面包的配方改良和工艺优化,研制出荞麦苗粉保健面包。结果表明,面包辅料最佳配方及工艺（以面粉质量计）:荞麦苗粉2%,酵母1.0%,荞麦苗粉直接加入面粉中,面团一次发酵时间20 min,中间发酵50 min,醒发时间90 min,烘烤温度上火170 ℃,下火190 ℃。研制的荞麦苗粉营养面包产品具有面团发酵和烘烤后的荞麦苗粉的面包纤维,外形完整,组织细致光滑,松软有弹性,气孔均一,纹理清晰,气孔壁细薄,松软可口,面包比容3.72 mL/g, 粗纤维1.15%~1.20%,粗蛋白含量11.8%~13.1%,弹性值为0.920,黏聚性为0.570,硬度值为338.15 g,咀嚼性值为176.61 g·s,感官评分为80.5分。     

天然苹果酵母液在面包生产中的应用研究

在原有面包配方的基础上,减少50%的酵母用量,采用一次发酵法,通过单因素和正交试验,研究探索苹果酵母液添加量、面包坯醒发时间和醒发温度对面包品质的影响。结果表明:影响面包品质大小的主次顺序为苹果酵母液添加量醒发时间醒发温度;最佳工艺条件为苹果酵母液添加量360g(以1 000g面粉量为基准)、醒发温度35℃、醒发时间195 min,在此条件下制得的面包成品除具有普通面包的外形、色泽、弹柔性、风味和口感外,还兼有苹果的香气、清新感和营养价值。     

灵武长枣面包的研制

以高筋面粉和灵武长枣粉为主要原料,白砂糖、活性干酵母等为辅料,制作灵武长枣面包。采用单因素和正交试验方法,以感官评价为考核指标,优化并确定制作的配方和工艺。结果表明:最佳配方为高筋面粉250 g、黄油20 g、白砂糖20 g、鸡蛋30 g、灵武长枣粉36 g、盐2 g、活性干酵母2 g、水90 g;最佳工艺为发酵时间90 min、烘烤温度180℃、烘烤时间15 min。此条件下制作出的灵武长枣面包,口感松软,有灵武长枣特征风味,感官评分为81分。     

新鲜甜木薯面包配方和工艺研究

以新鲜甜木薯和高筋面粉为主要原料研制新鲜甜木薯面包。以面包综合评分与比容作为主要评价指标,通过单因素、正交试验研究面包辅料和制作工艺条件对面包的影响,得出最佳工艺参数为发酵时间40 min、烘烤温度上火200℃、下火240℃、烘烤时间40 min,最佳配方为水10%、白砂糖5%、食盐2%、酵母2%。在该配方和工艺条件下制作的木薯面包,品质优良,组织疏松,呈蜂窝状,口感良好,是一种优质杂粮面包。     

籽粒苋保健面包的研制

采用GB/T14611-93的直接发酵法以5％、10％、15％、20％、25％的籽粒苋粉分别代替小麦粉制作面包,探讨最适添加量、醒发时间和氧化剂的添加量,确定的较好配方和加工工艺是以15％的苋粉代替小麦粉,(33±1)℃发酵90min,(33±1)℃下醒发45min,在200～220℃下烘烤20min。此外,随籽粒苋粉添加量的增加,面包中的蛋白质、纤维素及灰分含量也逐渐增加,但脂肪含量逐渐下降。当用15％的籽粒苋粉时,蛋白质、纤维素、灰分分别比全麦粉面包提高4.58％、30.72％、135.94％,而脂肪下降20.41％。实验结果说明籽粒苋面包具有很好的感官质量与营养价值,是极易被广大群众接受的保健食品。     

紫薯软欧包的研制

为了研制一款紫薯软欧面包,将紫薯粉添加到软欧面包中,运用单因素实验和正交实验,以感官特性、比容测定、质构测定为评价指标,确定最优配方为:面包粉170 g、紫薯粉30 g、烫面40 g、砂糖12 g、黄油16 g、盐2 g、干酵母4 g、水130 g.醒发温度37℃,湿度75％,醒发时间30 min,下火150℃,上火1...     

Effects of wheat sourdough process on the quality of mixed oat-wheat bread

The aim of this work was to study the effects of sourdough fermentation of wheat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum, on the quality attributes of mixed oat-wheat bread (51 g whole grain oat flour and 49 g/100 g white wheat flour). Emphasis was laid both on β-glucan stability as well as bread structure and sensory quality. The variables of the sourdough process were: dough yield (DY), fermentation time, fermentation temperature, and amount of sourdough added to the bread dough. The sourdough process was shown to be a feasible method for mixed oat-wheat bread, and, when optimized, provided bread quality equal to straight dough baking. A small amount (10g/100 g dough) of slack sourdough fermented at high temperature for a long time resulted in the most optimal sourdough bread with the highest specific volume (3.5 cm³/g), the lowest firmness after 3 days storage (0.31 kg), and low sensory sourness with high intensity of the crumb flavour. Wheat sourdough parameters did not affect the content of oat β-glucan in the bread. Additionally, both straight dough and sourdough bread contained 1.4-1.6 g β-glucan/100 g fresh bread. The average molecular weight of β-glucan was 5.5 × 10⁵ in both types of bread, while that of oat flour was 10 × 10⁵. This indicates that a slight degradation of β-glucan occurred during proofing and baking, and it was not affected by variation in the acidity of the bread between pH 4.9-5.8.     

基于模糊数学综合感官评价的甘薯淀粉面包的工艺优化

为了提高面包营养价值,改善滋味,降低面包老化速度,延长保质期,将甘薯淀粉添加到面包当中,采用单因素和正交实验,考察配方(甘薯淀粉、黄油、干酵母的添加量)及加工工艺(一次醒发时间、醒发温度和烘焙时间)对面包感官性状和质构的影响。基于模糊数学的评价方法评价甘薯淀粉面包的品质,对甘薯淀粉面包的形状、色泽、松软度、香味、滋味进行感官性质的分析。结果表明:最佳配方为混合粉(小麦粉+甘薯淀粉)150 g,甘薯淀粉的含量为15 g、黄油15 g、干酵母5.5 g;最优加工工艺为一次醒发时间为60 min、醒发温度为25 ℃、烘焙时间为9 min;最优条件下其硬度为27.95 N,弹性为15.18 mm,咀嚼性为228.30 mJ,胶粘性为15.05 N。按此条件制作的甘薯淀粉面包色泽金黄,外形饱满,柔软适口具有甘薯淀粉面包特有的风味,为甘薯淀粉面包工业化生产提供理论指导,同时丰富面包种类,拓宽甘薯淀粉用途。     

莜麦蔓越莓面包的工艺优化

以莜麦粉、蔓越莓为主要原料研制莜麦蔓越莓面包。以感官评分、面包比容为评价指标,采用单因素和正交试验优化工艺参数。结果表明:最佳工艺参数为小麦粉270.0 g、莜麦粉30.0 g、水130.0 mL、蔓越莓25.0 g、酵母6.0 g、白砂糖20.0 g、奶粉20.0 g、盐3.0 g、鸡蛋60.0 g、醒发时间60.0 min、搅打时间17.0 min、烘烤时间18.0 min,在此条件下,制备出的莜麦蔓越莓面包蔓越莓风味浓郁,接受度高。     

响应面法优化蜂蜜甜面包制作工艺研究

为提高甜面包营养价值,改善滋味,降低面包热量,用蜂蜜替换传统甜面包配方中的砂糖,并通过单因素试验与响应面法对甜面包工艺条件进行优化,确定蜂蜜甜面包的最佳工艺为:面团浸泡时间50 min、发酵时间80 min、烘烤温度200℃、烘烤时间45 min,在此工艺条件下生产的蜂蜜甜面包品质最佳。     

Short-time Breadmaking Systems. Effect of Formulation, Additives, Temperature, and Flour Quality

An optimum formula for short-time breadmaking included flour (100%), yeast (5%), sugar (3%), salt (1.5%), shortening (3%), oxidant (100 ppm ascorbic acid and 60 ppm KBrO₃), and optimum water. The minimum fermentation time for good volume was 15 min. Ambient temperature greatly affected baking performance, and formula changes would be required to produce optimum short-time bread at different temperatures. Baking the same flours by both short- and long-time baking methods gave poor correlations between loaf volumes and oxidant requirements.     

膨化高粱粉在面包中的应用

将膨化的高粱粉替代一部分小麦粉,按照快速发酵法生产面包的流程制作有独特风味的高粱面包。采用单因素试验和响应面法进行配方优化,确定最佳配方:膨化高粱粉200.0g,面粉800.0g,谷朊粉26.0g,酵母9.9g,面包改良剂10.0g。用质构仪TPA(质构剖面分析法)进一步验证响应模型,测量优化后制成的高粱面包的质构,并与白面包比较,二者品质差异不大。     

豆渣纤维蛋糕的研制

通过蛋糕中加入豆渣纤维的量及影响因素的分析,对豆渣纤维在蛋糕的生产工艺及应用进行了详细讨论。实验结果证明：面粉100 g、豆渣乳35 g、蛋糕油1.9 g、泡打粉0.7 g、鸡蛋35 g;烘烤温度：面火170℃、底火200℃,时间20~25 min时,产品质地和口感最佳。     

Optimization of sourdough process for improved sensory profile and texture of wheat bread

The aim of the study was to determine optimum sourdough process conditions for improved flavour and texture of wheat bread. The influence of process conditions and the starter culture on the characteristics of wheat sourdough bread was established by using response surface methodology. Influence of fermentation temperature (16-32 °C), ash content of flour (0.6-1.8 g/100 g), and fermentation time (6-20 h) were considered as independent factors and their effects were studied in sourdough bread fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae or with a combination of yeast and lactic acid bacteria. Intensity of sensory attributes, specific volume and bread hardness were considered as the main responses. Ash content of flour and fermentation time were the main factors determining the intensity of sensory attributes. The possibility to enhance intensity of overall flavour, aftertaste and roasted flavour without excessive pungent flavour and without reduced fresh flavour in wheat bread containing 20 g sourdough/100 g of wheat dough was demonstrated by choosing e.g. Lb. brevis for a starter and by utilization of high ash content of flour, long fermentation time and reduced temperature. Bread specific volume was improved 0.2-0.5 ml/g and hardness was reduced (after 4 days of storage) up to 260 g by using low ash content of flour and by optimizing fermentation time according to the microbial strain. Lactic acid fermentation had more profound influence on both desired and undesired flavour attributes, as well as textural features of bread in comparison with yeast fermentation.     

Enzymatic Reduction of Phytate in Whole Wheat Breads

The presence of phytate in flour may be responsible for reduced bioavailability of iron, magnesium, zinc, and calcium from bread. The effect of various concentrations of commercial phytase or phosphatase added to whole wheat flour-yeast doughs on their phytate and nonphytate phosphorus content has been investigated. By using 2.0% (flour basis) of phytase and 0.11% phosphatase the initial phytate phosphorus concentration of the dough was reduced to 1/8 and 1/12 of its initial values, respectively. Storage of the whole wheat breads for up to 96 hr at room temperature showed further significant reduction of phytate phosphorus. The phytate phosphorus content of yeast leavened whole wheat breads decreased during 2 hours of dough fermentation, baking and the subsequent 48 hours of storage at room temperature from 24 mg/100g dough (dry matter) to 1.7 mg/100g bread (dry matter); the phytate phosphorus continued to decrease and after 96 hours storage it was 0.6 mg/100g bread.     

无糖玉米荞麦蛋糕的加工工艺研究

以荞麦粉、玉米粉为主要原料,进行无糖杂粮蛋糕的研制。在单因素试验基础上,以感官评定结果为指标,采用响应面法优化加工工艺。结果表明,无糖杂粮蛋糕的最佳配方:以蛋糕粉100 g为基准,木糖醇70%、荞麦粉40%、玉米粉30%、食用油20%。在此配方下,蛋糕的最佳烘焙条件为烘烤温度底火200℃、面火190℃、烘烤时间20 min。