采油用阴离子双子表面活性剂的研究进展

阴离子双子表面活性剂由于独特的物化性质,使其在三次采油中的应用具有一定的可行性和巨大的应用潜力,越来越受到重视。综述了国内外采油用阴离子表面活性剂的合成研究现状。主要介绍了羧酸盐型、硫酸盐型和磺酸盐型三类阴离子双子表面活性剂的合成及应用研究,并探讨了阴离子双子表面活性剂的应用发展前景。     

双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液的研究进展

压裂技术是提高低渗透油气藏生产能力和油气井采收率的重要手段,而压裂液是影响压裂效果的关键因素。相较于水基植物胶压裂液和以单链表面活性剂为稠化剂的传统清洁压裂液,双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液在耐温、携砂和保护油气层等使用性能上更具优势,是新一代清洁压裂液发展重点。本文综述了双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液制备、性能及应用的研究进展,分析比较了阳离子双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液、阴离子双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液、两性双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液等的优缺点,讨论了双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液在油田领域的应用现状：阳离子双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液的制备方法成熟,耐温性能较好,可以应用于中高温油田,但是其生产成本较高;阴离子双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液能有效减少表面活性剂在地层的吸附损失,降低储层渗透率伤害,但是其合成条件苛刻,耐温性不高,适用于中低温油田;两性双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂溶液的耐温性好,但是其制备过程繁琐、成本高,难以大规模推广应用。对双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液的研究前景进行了展望：发展低成本的合成方法及耐高温双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液的制备及应用。     

双子表面活性剂体系的界面活性研究

测定了阳离子型双子表面活性剂烷基 α ,ω 双二甲基烷基溴化铵以及它与普通表面活性剂复配体系的表面张力。结果表明 :双子表面活性剂的表面活性大大高于普通表面活性剂 ,双子表面活性剂溶液的表面活性受其联接基团的影响远大于其烷基链的影响。通过研究阳离子型双子表面活性剂 /阴离子普通表面活性剂复配体系和阴 /阳普通表面活性剂复配体系的协同效应 ,发现双子表面活性剂与普通表面活性剂有很好的复配协同效应 ,这主要是由双子表面活性剂的特殊结构造成的。     

XSY-11双子表面活性剂提高采收率应用研究

通过测定双子表面活性剂与原油的界面张力,发现双子表面活性剂在缺碱的条件下,也可以使油水界面张力降低至超低的能力,证明了其对碱的依赖性较小,优于普通表面活性剂.单独使用双子表面活性剂或者与其他表面活性剂协同使用,均可以使多种原油-水界面张力降低至超低范围.对双子表面活性剂溶液浓度等因素对油水界面张力的影响程度进行了分析.发现双子表面活性剂降低油水界面张力的能力主要与表面活性剂和油的性质密切相关.研究了其界面张力行为,发现双子表面活性剂具有比普通表面活性剂较高的界面活性,并且与盐具有很好的协同性,可以在较宽的盐度和表面活性剂浓度范围内降低油水界面张力至超低范围.     

有机硅表面活性剂的合成及研究进展

本文综述了阴离子、阳离子和非离子有机硅表面活性剂的合成及研究进展,并对新型双子型和Bola型有机硅表面活性剂的研究进展进行了报道。     

联接基团对双子表面活性剂性能的影响研究进展

双子表面活性剂的独特结构使其较传统表面活性剂具有更优异的性能。联接基团的长度和性质对双子表面活性剂性能影响很大。因此,探究联接基团对其性能的影响规律,有助于更好地理解分子内部的相互作用,从而更好地发挥和利用双子表面活性剂的性能,对新型双子表面活性剂的开发及工业生产具有现实意义。文章综述了联接基团对双子表面活性剂的表面活性、泡沫性能、润湿性能、缓蚀性能、黏度、增溶及乳化性能的影响,并对原因进行了分析。     

粘弹性表面活性剂压裂液在低渗油田的应用现状

结合粘弹性表面活性剂压裂液作用机理,介绍了3种典型的粘弹性表面活性剂压裂液体系(无聚合物型、抗温型、双子表面活性剂型),并综述了粘弹性表面活性剂压裂液国内外应用现状,指出研制合成工艺简单且成本较低的阴离子双子表面活性剂,开发疏水缔合聚合物/双子表面活性剂压裂液体系,提高抗温性,采用纳米技术是未来压裂液发展趋势。     

聚氧乙烯型表面活性剂在化妆品中的应用

综述了阴离子、阳离子、非离子、特殊类、高分子以及双子类聚氧乙烯型表面活性剂在化妆品中的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

一种新型双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

文章利用酒石酸与月桂酰氯反应合成一种新型阴离子双子表面活性剂双月桂酰酒石酸酯,探讨了物料配比、反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响。双月桂酰酒石酸酯是一种以可再生资源制得的羧酸型阴离子双子表面活性剂,具有优良的表面活性,生物降解性好,是一种新型"绿色"表面活性剂。     

复配表面活性剂-模拟油-水体系的界面张力研究

在45℃下测定了不同类型表面活性剂(阴离子、阳离子和非离子表面活性剂以及高分子双子表面活性剂、非对称两性双子表面活性剂)与煤油-水体系的界面张力,发现非离子表面活性剂效果最好,界面张力可达0.690 m N/m。采用聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚与其他类型的表面活性剂进行两两复配,考察复配表面活性剂的种类、质量比、总质量浓度对模拟油-水体系界面张力的影响。发现聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚与非对称两性双子表面活性剂C15EC-S-C16以质量比7∶3进行复配,总质量浓度为50 g/L时,界面张力达到0.024 m N/m。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅪ)——含磷双子表面活性剂的合成

含磷双子表面活性剂具有高的表面活性、良好的水溶性、较好的热稳定性、优越的抗静电性和配伍性等特点。综述了含磷双子表面活性剂的结构类型以及合成路线和方法,并按照阴离子型、两性型、非离子型含磷双子表面活性剂及其联接基团的不同进行了归纳。最后,对含磷双子表面活性剂的发展进行了展望。     

Effect of Surfactants as Dispersing Agents on the Properties of Microemulsified Inkjet Inks for Polyester Fibers

The preparation of microemulsified disperse inkjet inks was carried out and the effect of the surfactant used as dispersing agents on the properties of the inks was studied. The dispersing agents used were anionic conventional and non-conventional surfactants and a gemini type surfactant. The properties studied were surface tension, pH, conductivity, viscosity and the particle size distribution. The use of the gemini type and the two non conventional surfactants even in submultiple amounts resulted in a significant increase in the ink stability.     

Influence of Spacer Nature on the Aggregation Properties of Anionic Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions

A series of anionic gemini surfactants with the same structure except the spacer nature have been studied. Their solution properties were characterized by the equilibrium surface tension and intrinsic fluorescence quenching method. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC), surface tension at cmc, C₂₀, and the micelle aggregation number (N) were obtained. The surface tension measurements indicate that these gemini surfactants have much lower cmc values and great efficiency in lowering the surface tension of water compared with those of conventional monomeric surfactants. Furthermore, the standard free energy of micellization for anionic gemini surfactants was also determined. The results showed that the nature of the spacer has an important effect on the aggregation properties of gemini surfactants in aqueous solutions. The surfactant with a hydrophilic, flexible spacer was more readily able to form micelle compared with the surfactant with a hydrophobic, rigid spacer, which leads to a lower CMC value, larger N, more negative free energy of micellization, and a more closely packed micelle structure.     

Synthesis and physico‐chemical properties of novel dialkyl diphosphate gemini surfactants based on octadecanol

A series of dialkyl diphosphate gemini surfactants has been synthesized using C₁₈ as hydrophobic chains and phosphate as head groups. Three flexible spacers have been used. In the present study, an attempt has also been made to synthesize mono octadecyl phosphate (MOP) at 35°C, which was used as an intermediate in the synthesis of geminis. This long chain of MOP has been effectively converted to gemini surfactants and subsequently converted to their disodium salts. The effect of reaction variables like temperature, duration, molar ratios of reactants, catalyst and spacer on the yield of dialkyl diphosphate gemini surfactant has also been reported. The MOP, gemini surfactants and disodium salt of gemini surfactants were characterized using FT‐IR and ¹H‐NMR. Surface active and physico‐chemical properties of synthesized gemini surfactants and their monomer were also determined. The results revealed that the yield of dialkyl diphosphate gemini surfactants ranged from 80 to 90%. Among all synthesized dialkyl diphosphate gemini surfactants D, S‐1,6‐GSOD had maximum anionic content, i.e. 80.7%, showed highest foaming ability and superior dispersing ability, whereas D, S‐1,8‐GSOD showed low cmc values, i.e. 0.00012 mM/L; minimum surface tension and interfacial tension, i.e. 39.1 and 36.3 mN/m, respectively.     

连接基团与尾链长度对阳离子Gemini表面活性剂与阴离子聚电解质复合物影响的分子动力学模拟

Interaction of anionic .polyelectrolyte with cationic, gemini surfactant has been investigated by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. Polyelectrolyte facilitates the oppositely charged ionic surfactants to aggregate by suppressing the electrostatic repulsion between ionic head groups leading to the formation of micellarcomplex. With addition of surfactant, the conformation of polyion chain changes from stretched to random coiled to spherical, and at the same time more free micelles are formed by surfactants in mixtures. Increasing the length ofspacer or tail chain in gemini surfactant will weaken its interaction with polyelectrolyte and simultaneously strengthen its tendency to self-assemble. The simulation results are consistent with experimental observations and reveal that the electrostatic interaction plays an important role in the interaction of polyelectrolyte with gemini surfactant.     

荧光探针法研究新型Gemini表面活性剂在水溶液中的聚集行为

以芘为荧光探针、二苯酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光探针法测定了新型Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶团浓度(CMC)、胶团聚集数(Nagg)及胶团微极性.研究了Gemini表面活性剂结构和氯化钠浓度对CMC、Nagg、胶团微极性的影响.结果表明,新型Gemini表面活性剂的CMC比常规表面活性剂的CMC低1—2个数量级.当疏水基碳原子数增加时,CMC依次降低,Nagg增大,胶团微极性减小.当氯化钠浓度增大时,Nagg增大,胶团微极性减小.     

双亲油基-双亲水基型表面活性剂

介绍一类新型表面活性剂 双亲油基 双亲水基型表面活性剂 ,包括阴离子型、阳离子型、非离子型等。讨论了各种类型双联表面活性剂的合成方法及产品理化性能 ,如表面张力及临界胶束浓度、水溶助长性、增溶性、润湿性、泡沫性、生物安全性等 ,同时指出该类表面活性剂具有重要的实用价值和广阔的开发前景。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅧ)——酰胺基双子表面活性剂的研究进展

综述了酰胺基双子(gemini)表面活性剂的研究进展,重点介绍了阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型以及两性型酰胺基gemini表面活性剂的种类、结构、合成及性能的研究现状,并展望了酰胺基gemini表面活性剂的发展前景。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅩ)——含氟双子表面活性剂的合成

按照结构特点对阳离子型、阴离子型、两性离子型和非离子型含氟双子表面活性剂的合成方法和合成路线进行了归纳。含氟双子表面活性剂是一种特殊表面活性剂,氟原子取代了表面活性剂碳氢链中的氢原子,而使其具有更高的表面活性。展望了含氟双子表面活性剂的发展前景。