透明质酸等化妆品用生物活性多糖吸湿保湿性能测定

目的：研究单一生物活性多糖及复配物的吸湿保湿性能。方法：通过干燥器控制湿度的方法对透明质酸、鲨鱼软骨素、海藻酸钠、水溶性壳聚糖、卡拉胶寡糖等天然保湿材料与常用保湿剂甘油进行吸湿和保瀑性能测试。结果：在RH81％条件下,各试样吸湿能力顺序为：卡拉胶寡糖,甘油,海藻酸钠,水溶性壳聚糖,透明质酸〉鲨鱼软骨素;在RH43％条件下,各试样吸湿能力顺序为：甘油,海藻酸钠,水溶性壳聚糖,透明质酸,卡拉胶寡糖,鲨鱼软骨素。硅胶环境下,各试样的保湿能力顺序为：透明质酸〉水溶性壳聚糖〉卡拉胶寡糖〉鲨鱼软骨素〉海藻酸钠〉甘油。遥过对5种聚糖的两两复配实验,筛选出卡拉胶寡糖、水溶性壳聚糖、透明质酸3种生物活性多糖与其它多糖复配效果较好。结论：本实验所采用的吸湿、保湿性能评价方法准确、简单、可靠,适用于各种类型的保湿剂,可作为一种化妆品用保瀑剂的性能评价方法。     

茯苓多糖吸湿保湿性能的研究

以海藻酸钠和甘油为参照物,分别在RH81%和RH43%条件下测试茯苓多糖的吸湿性能以及在干硅胶环境下测试茯苓多糖的保湿性能。结果表明,茯苓多糖具有一定的吸湿性和比较持久的保湿性,尤其是在干燥条件下,保湿性能优于海藻酸钠和甘油,因此,茯苓多糖作为化妆品保湿剂具有一定的应用前景。     

添加剂对壳聚糖膜透光性和吸湿性的影响

用流延法制备了含不同添加剂的壳聚糖膜,着重探讨了添加剂对壳聚糖膜的透光性和吸湿性的影响。海藻酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠和丙三醇的添加均使壳聚糖膜的透光性能增大。相对湿度81%气相环境中,聚丙烯酸钠和丙三醇的添加使壳聚糖干膜的吸湿性能大大增加,而海藻酸钠的添加则降低了干膜的吸湿性;然而,相对湿度43%气相环境中,添加剂则使干膜的吸湿性能有所降低,所得吸湿率实验结果与同环境中对应壳聚糖湿膜的保湿率相一致。可见,添加剂可以协调壳聚糖膜透光和吸湿性能。     

常用二元醇的吸湿保湿性能研究

为了探知二元醇的吸湿保湿效果,在RH 81%和RH 43%环境下分别研究了二元醇中的甲基丙二醇,丁二醇,丙二醇(1,2-丙二醇),植物丙二醇(1,3-丙二醇),二丙二醇的吸湿性能。在干硅胶条件下分别研究各类二元醇的保湿功能。结果显示,二元醇具有一定的吸湿性能和持久的保湿性能,特别是在干燥环境中,甲基丙二醇比其他二元醇具有更好的吸湿性能和更出色的保湿功能。因此,二元醇保湿剂在化妆品中的应用具有一定的市场前景,特别是新型二元醇甲基丙二醇的市场前景将更加广阔。     

亚甲基二甲胺盐酸盐淀粉醚的制备及其吸湿保湿性能研究

以淀粉为母体,羟甲基二甲胺盐酸盐(HMMAHC)为醚化剂,通过干法工艺合成出不同取代度(DS)的叔胺型阳离子淀粉——亚甲基二甲胺盐酸盐淀粉醚(SMMAHC),并考察了其吸湿、保湿性能。结果表明,该阳离子淀粉的吸湿、保湿性能均随着阳离子基团取代度的增加而增强。在相对湿度(RH)为81%的条件下,当阳离子取代度分别为0.36和0.70时,其吸湿性分别与透明质酸(HA)和丙三醇相当。而取代度为0.70的SMMAHC保湿性在相对湿度43%和15%下均与透明质酸相当,优于丙三醇。探讨了SMMAHC吸湿动力学,可应用伪二级吸附动力学模拟方程很好地描述吸湿性能,相关系数达到0.999以上。     

壳聚糖季铵盐的吸湿、保湿性能研究

采用以异丙醇为溶剂,以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为改性剂,在碱性条件下制备了水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐。对其进行了吸湿、保湿性能的测试。壳聚糖季铵盐在相对湿度为43%的干燥器中放置48h吸湿率可达28.6%,水分残存率可达170.5%;在相对湿度为81%的干燥器中放置48h吸湿率可达54.2%,水分残存率可达615.2%;在硅胶干燥器中放置48h水分残存率可达82.4%。壳聚糖季铵盐的吸湿、保湿性能均优于同等条件下透明质酸的测定结果。     

白芨多糖的分子量测定及其吸湿保湿性评价

通过水提醇沉法制取白芨粗多糖,采用Sephadex G-200和Sephadex G-25凝胶柱层析对粗多糖进行纯化,通过红外光谱、高效液相色谱联用多角度激光散射(HPSEC-MALLS)法对纯化后多糖进行结构分析和分子量测定。考察了白芨多糖的吸湿保湿性能,并将其添加到化妆品面霜配方中进行皮肤水分测试。结果表明:红外图谱显示白芨多糖是吡喃型多糖,且含有甘露糖;白芨多糖的重均分子量Mw=9.545×104g/mol,数均分子量Mn=7.297×104g/mol;该分子量下的白芨多糖在相对湿度(RH)为43%时最大吸湿率为6.0%,保湿率为88.8%,在RH为81%时最大吸湿率为99.0%,保湿率为105.5%;皮肤水分测试结果表明含白芨多糖液的面霜具有良好的保湿效果。     

昆布氨酸的吸湿保湿性及动力学研究

通过将自制的昆布氨酸与原料L-赖氨酸盐酸盐以及甘油和透明质酸进行对比,对昆布氨酸的吸湿性能和保湿性能进行了研究,并对其吸湿过程作了初步的动力学分析。结果表明:昆布氨酸在相对湿度43%时的最大吸湿率为43.7%,保湿率为100.7%;在相对湿度81%时的最大吸湿率为85.1%,保湿率为103.8%;其吸湿性和保湿性均优于L-赖氨酸盐酸盐、甘油和透明质酸;昆布氨酸的吸湿过程符合二级吸附动力学模型,相关系数达到0.99以上。     

细菌纤维素表面硫酸酯化改性及吸湿保湿性能研究

文章以SO3·Py、ClSO3H-DMF为酯化剂,分别在吡啶和DMF中,在室温下对细菌纤维素进行非均相表面改性,得到了取代度0.01-0.14的细菌纤维素硫酸酯（BCS）,采用元素分析、FTIR、SEM对产物进行了结构表征,BCS在1257 cm-1和815 cm-1出现O=S=O和C-O-S的特征吸收峰,BCS表面孔隙率和孔隙大小减小。BC和BCS在RH 43%和RH 81%的相对湿度环境下,具有较好吸湿保湿性能。     

不同分子量酿酒酵母甘露聚糖的理化性质及吸湿保湿性

采用高温抽提和分级醇沉,制备出了大、中、小三种不同分子量的YM-30、YM-50和YM-90甘露聚糖,测定了这三种甘露聚糖的重均分子量、溶解度、pH值及黏度,研究了它们的吸湿、保湿性能。结果表明： YM-30、YM-50和YM-90的重均分子量分别为12.40×104 Da, 4.47×104 Da 和 2.16×104 Da。大分子量YM-30不溶或微溶于水,中等分子量YM-50和小分子量YM-90则易溶于水。YM-30溶液偏碱性,YM-50溶液为中性,YM-90溶液则偏酸性。YM-50和YM-90水溶液的黏度很低,几乎与水的黏度一样,且其黏度不受糖浓度和温度的影响。红外光谱分析表明,三种甘露聚糖的糖链均为是β-D-吡喃结构。在低湿度（RH 43%）环境下,YM-90吸湿性最强;而在高湿度（RH 81%）环境下,YM-30则吸湿性最佳。在RH 43%环境下,YM-30保湿性能最优,其保湿率达到了98.4%,稍高于透明质酸。酵母甘露聚糖具有优良的吸湿、保湿性能。     

膜技术纯化褐藻胶的工艺研究

以海带酸性提取液为原料,采用膜技术除杂纯化褐藻胶。比较了微滤膜和超滤膜的纯化效果,并探讨了淀粉酶酶解提取液对膜处理效果的影响。结果表明,与微滤膜相比,超滤膜纯化褐藻胶的收率更高;优化的诺维信480L型中温淀粉酶酶解条件为：pH值6.0,酶加量0.3‰,酶解温度50℃,酶解时间2h;提取液酶解后,微滤膜和超滤膜的膜通量分别提高了34.3%和27.3%,但对褐藻胶的质量指标影响较小。最终确定的优化方案为：先将提取液中的褐藻淀粉酶解,再采用超滤膜除杂,所得褐藻胶浓缩液质量接近国标规格,褐藻胶损失很少。     

酶解木质素改性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂的制备与应用

以酶解木质素（EL）、尿素（U）、甲醛（F）和三聚氰胺（M）为原料,采用碱反应工艺制备了酶解木质素改性三聚氰胺脲醛树脂（ELMUF）。分别考查了EL用量对制备的ELMUF树脂的固化时间、固化温度、游离甲醛量及其制备胶合板胶合强度和甲醛释放量等性能的影响,随着EL用量的增加,ELMUF树脂游离甲醛量从0.26%逐渐降低至0.12%,固化时间从96 s逐渐延长至152 s,黏度由86 mPa·s迅速升高至1 140 mPa·s。通过DSC测定不同EL用量的脲醛树脂固化过程,结果表明：随着EL用量的增加脲醛树脂的反应活性逐渐降低,固化温度由120.6℃逐渐升高至132.0℃,对热压工艺要求更加苛刻。     

An experimental study on composite adhesives reinforced with different types of organo-clays

In this study, the mechanical properties of single lap joints prepared by adding nanoclays with different properties into adhesives with different characteristics (toughened, flexible, paste-type, and rigid) were experimentally investigated. Single lap joints and bulk specimens were produced using DP460, DP125, Araldite 2015, and AV138 as adhesives. High-concentration hydrocarbon-doped organo-clay (HDOC-1) obtained from Çank?r?, low-concentration hydrocarbon-doped organo-clay (HDOC-2) obtained from Erzurum, and organo-clay (OC) were incorporated into the adhesives as reinforcements at two different concentrations (1% and 2% wt.). The aluminum alloy AA2024-T3 was used as the adherend material. Evaluation of experiment results showed that both the characteristics of the adhesive (toughened, flexible, paste-type, and rigid) and the different forms of clays significantly influenced failure loads of the joints. Moreover, increasing or decreasing the amount of clay added into the adhesive also affected failure loads of the joints; 1% wt. reinforcement provided the best results.     

狭鳕鱼皮胶原多肽组合物水洗面膜的研制

以狭鳕鱼皮胶原多肽、海藻糖和葡萄籽提取物(或藻蓝蛋白)组合物为主要活性成分,以质量分数分别为2.0%,1.0%和4.6%的羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠和聚乙二醇1 500为基质主成分,经溶解、搅拌、混合、均质等工艺制备水洗面膜。微生物挑战实验确定以质量分数为1.0%的市售GL-PLUS为面膜防腐剂。体外保湿抗衰老功效研究确定面膜活性成分的添加量(以质量分数计)为胶原多肽3.7%,海藻糖6.5%,葡萄籽提取物(或藻蓝蛋白)0.12%。耐热、耐寒和离心测试结果表明所得面膜具有良好的稳定性。     

Effect of Potassium Methacrylate Content on Synthesis,Swelling, and Diffusion Characteristics of Acrylamide/Potassium Methacrylate Hydrogels

ABSTRACT

Hydrogels based on acrylamide (AAM) and potassium methacrylate (KMA) were synthesized by simultaneous free radical polymerization in aqueous solution using the redox initiator ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N′N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) at room temperature. Eight different compositions of KMA hydrogels were prepared at a fixed concentration of N,N′,-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) or diallyl phthalate (DP) as crosslinking agents. For all the AAM-KMA hydrogels, the percentage of swelling, swelling kinetics, and diffusion characteristics were investigated. It was found that higher swelling percentage values were obtained for hydrogels crosslinked with DP than for the conventional crosslinker MBA. The de-swelling characteristics of hydrogels were also studied in detail. The power law relationship of hydrogels was evaluated in saline solutions. Hydrogels formation was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The thermal characteristics of these hydrogels were studied by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and revealed that MBA crosslinked AAM-KMA hydrogels show higher glass transition temperature (Tg) as well as higher decomposition temperatures (Td) than DP crosslinked AAM-KMA hydrogels. It is further confirmed from the studies that the DP crosslinked hydrogels have good swelling as well as de-swelling and salinity characteristics.     

Preparation and Characterization of C10–C14 Alkyl Cellulose Ester Sulfate Surfactant

The aim of this work is to synthesize surfactants based on cellulose with different molecular weights. Raw cotton cellulose was tailored into cellulose segments with different molecular weights by a hydrothermal process, then the average degree of polymerization (DP) was determined by viscosimetry and the molecular weight distribution was estimated by gel permeation chromatography. The C₁₀–C₁₄ alkyl cellulose ester sulfate surfactants were prepared by hydrophilic sulfonation and hydrophobic esterification. The surface tension of the surfactants solution was obtained by the Wilhelmy plate method. Results showed that the cellulose segments presented a broader distribution compared with the raw material. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value decreased from 1.08 to 0.86 wt% as the hydrophobic chain length was increased from 10 to 14. The CMC values of cellulose surfactants with C₁₄-acyl chloride hydrophobization decreased from 1.32 to 0.86 wt% as the DP was decreased from 2,700 to 296.     

Different photodegradation processes of PVC with different average degrees of polymerization

The influence of ultraviolet (UV)‐irradiation on the photodegradation mechanism of different average degrees of polymerization (DP ) of poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) with UV‐irradiation time was investigated by viscosity‐average molecular weight determination, UV‐vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurement, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PVC films with different DP (800, 1000, 1300, 3000) were prepared by solution casting. It was carried out exposing specimens to a xenon‐arc light source with a spectral irradiance of 0.68 W/(m² ·nm) at 63°C. It was found that the photodegradation mechanism of the lower DP of PVC (DP = 1000) was different from the higher DP of PVC (DP = 3000). This was because the lower DP of PVC was a homopolymer, while the higher DP of PVC was often produced by copolymerizing with a certain quantity of crosslinking agent (e.g., DAP and DAM). UV‐vis and FTIR spectroscopy studies provided some results concerning the structure of the irradiated PVC, and the carbonyl index and C? Cl index were induced to study the process of PVC photodegradation with different DP . TGA showed that the degradation temperatures of different weight loss increased with the irradiation time. The surface morphology of the irradiated polymer films with different DP was observed by contact angle measurement and SEM. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

青霉纤维素酶酶解芦竹的研究

以青霉纤维素酶酶解芦竹,探讨了酶解温度、酶解时间、pH值和酶载量对芦竹酶解效果的影响。结果表明,青霉纤维素酶酶解芦竹的最适条件为:酶解时间72h、酶解温度45℃、pH值4.8、酶载量30FPU.g-1 DM,在此条件下,葡萄糖产率为(61.75±1.22)%、木糖产率为(40.07±6.88)%;通过添加商业酶调配酶系中不同酶活比例,可进一步提高还原糖产率,当增加β-葡萄糖苷酶至40CBU.g-1 DM时,葡萄糖产率达68.96%、木糖产率达98.16%。     

氢氧化钠预处理对甘蔗渣酶解和发酵性能的影响

采用氢氧化钠预处理甘蔗渣,通过单因素和正交试验考察了不同预处理条件对甘蔗渣酶解和发酵性能的影响,并进一步分析了比表面积和木质素含量对酶解性能的影响。结果表明：预处理温度、氢氧化钠质量分数及预处理时间对酶解和发酵效率影响较为显著,最佳的预处理条件为：温度85℃、时间11 h、NaOH质量分数4.5%,在此优化条件下预处理的甘蔗渣,含纤维素56.46%,与原料相比提高了46.16%;半纤维素20.30%、Klason木质素5.79%,与原料相比分别降低了15.77%和72.87%,酶解36 h的还原糖得率为0.69 g/g（以甘蔗渣质量计）。经过氢氧化钠预处理后的甘蔗渣比表面积显著增加（由原料的0.07 m²/g最大可增加到1.07 m²/g）,木质素显著降低,有利于提高酶解和发酵效率。当比表面积超过0.30 m²/g时,酶解初始速率和酶解效率达到平衡;当木质素低于11%时,酶解效率达到平衡。     

木糖利用融合子D2的制备与乙醇发酵特性

以树干毕赤酵母（Pichia stipitis）1960（Ps1960）与酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）AADY（ScAADY）为亲本菌株,采用双亲灭活原生质体技术制备木糖利用融合子,并对其制备条件进行了优化。优化后的原生质体制备条件为Ps1960采用2%蜗牛酶和1%纤维素酶在28℃酶解45 min,20W紫外灯距离10 cm照射3 min灭活;ScAADY采用1.5%蜗牛酶和1%纤维素酶28℃酶解50 min,55℃水浴50 min灭活;均采用0.6 mol/L山梨醇为渗透压稳定剂。在该条件下,共得到22株融合子。通过测定各融合子在不同培养基条件下的生物量来评价其木糖代谢和乙醇耐受能力,最终获得能利用木糖高效发酵产乙醇、遗传性状稳定的融合子D2,并进行乙醇发酵条件优化。结果表明,在混合糖质量分数8%、木糖和葡萄糖质量比6：1、5%接种量、30℃、160 r/min、培养72 h条件下,融合子D2发酵产乙醇的产量为40.58 g/L。