聚氧乙烯羊毛脂的表面特性及其在化妆品中的应用

本文对EO数为45、60、75的三种羊毛脂衍生物的表面特性及柔软性和摩擦系数进行了测定。结果发现，随着EO数的增加，发泡力增强，表面张力、柔软性和摩擦系数下降，而对去污力、cmc则影响不大。经在化妆品中的应用试验，证明该类羊毛脂均属化妆品的理想组分。     

聚氧乙烯型表面活性剂的乙氧基化工艺及国内发展现状

本文介绍了合成聚氧乙烯型表面活性剂的乙氧基化反应与工艺装置－Ｐｒｅｓｓ工艺装置Ｂｕｓｓ新工艺装置及其发展方向,同时介绍了目前国内聚氧乙烯型表面活性剂的发展现状。     

聚氧乙烯型阳离子表面活性剂合成与表面性质的研究

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚AEO9在相转移催化条件下和环氧氯丙烷反应得到脂肪醇聚氧乙烯基缩水甘油醚 ,收率为 97 1%。反应得到的脂肪醇聚氧乙烯基缩水甘油醚和三甲胺盐酸盐反应得到新型阳离子表面活性剂N -[3 -十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚 (9) -2 -羟基 ]丙基 -N ,N ,N -三甲基氯化铵 ,收率为 92 1%。其结构通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱、碳谱得以证实。测定了基本的表面活性 ,产品的表面张力为 3 7 2mN/m ,临界胶束浓度为 2 0× 10 -5mol/L。     

聚氧乙烯非离子表面活性剂自动氧化反应研究

聚氧乙烯非离子表面活性剂贮存阶段，在一定条件下发生自动氧化反应。反应过程ＰＨ值降低，表面张力，浊点下降。     

废水中聚氧乙烯类非离子表面活性剂含量的测定

介绍用改进的硫氰酸然分光光度法测定废水中聚氧乙烯类非离子表面活性剂的含量，讨论了不同实验条件对测定结果的影响，以及十二烷基苯磺酸阴离子（ＡＢＳ）对测定的影响及消除方法。     

有机硅产品在化妆品中的应用

论述作为现代化妆品重要组分的有机硅材料的主要类型及其在化妆品中的应用,阐述了有机硅材料在化妆品应用上的发展前景及应用进展。     

表面活性剂及其在化妆品中的应用

综述了化妆品用表面活性剂的分类、特点及其安全性要求,介绍了不同离子形态的表面活性剂在化妆品行业中的应用现状,重点讨论了几种绿色环保型表面活性剂的应用,同时指出了其今后发展需解决的问题。     

Pickering乳化剂在化妆品中的应用

综述了固体颗粒乳化剂的基本作用原理,主要内容包括固体颗粒乳化剂与传统表面活性剂乳化剂乳化性能的不同,固体颗粒乳化剂的作用机理及影响因素,以及固体颗粒乳化剂在化妆品中的应用前景。     

纳米材料在化妆品中的应用

详细综述了纳米材料的基本特性以及在化妆品中的应用,主要介绍了纳米TiO2和纳米ZnO在化妆品中的应用,阐述了其存在的安全问题,提出纳米材料在防晒化妆品中的发展前景,为拓宽纳米材料的应用领域起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

霍霍巴油在化妆品中的应用

介绍了霍霍巴油的发展历程,阐述了其在护肤品中对皮肤的保湿润滑功效。霍霍巴油具有低黏度、高渗透率、低皂化值和无卵磷脂等优点,同时也是一种很好的增溶剂,具有无与伦比的发膜可塑性,对头发有修复作用,用后头发光泽、柔顺。     

长链脂肪醇醚(5)磷酸酯合成新方法的研究

以C16-18混合醇醚（5）为原料,在n（脂肪醇醚）：n（P2O5）：n（水）为2：1：l、70℃下反应4h。用C16-18混合醇醚磷酸酯产物为预分散介质使P2O5均匀分散在其中,再添加脂肪醇醚进行磷酸酯化反应。通过对比实验发现预分散体系的工艺可大大减少P2O5在酯化反应中的结块现象,反应平稳缓和,产品颜色浅淡,产物中单酯含量高。在P2O5预分散条件下,在制备脂肪醇醚磷酸酯的过程中,通过先加水再磷酰化和先磷酰化再水解的工艺对比实验发现,先磷酰化再水解的工艺要优于先加水再磷酰化的工艺,预分散工艺循环2次以后产物组成基本趋于平衡。     

化妆品用增稠剂

综述了使用化妆品的增稠剂：无机盐类、表面活性剂类、水溶性高分子类和脂肪醇脂肪酸类等共200多种。增稠剂通过与表面活性剂形成棒状胶束、与水作用形成三维水化网络结构、或利用自身的大分子长链结构等使体系达到增稠的目的。详细介绍了增稠剂的配伍性能、使用范围、影响因素和增稠机理分类。在产品配方开发过程中根据配方的pH值、稳定性、刺激性、泡沫、配方成本、是否透明、流变形态、外观颜色、电解质稳定性和法规等方面的要求综合进行考虑，才能有效地选用恰当的增稠剂。只有不断地实际中总结经验，才能真正懂得如何有效地选用增稠剂。     

甘草的活性成分及其在化妆品中的应用

介绍了甘草中有美白和防晒效能的活性成分：甘草素、甘草苷、异甘草素、异甘草苷、光甘草定、光甘草素、甘草酸和甘草甜素；概括了甘草活性成分的美白和防晒机理；探讨了化妆品中应用甘草的现状和前景；指出了甘草活性成分在化妆品中应用的发展方向。     

Polymeric surfactants for enhanced oil recovery. Part III—interfacial tension features of ethoxylated alkylphenol-formaldehyde nonionic surfactants

The interfacial tensions (IFT) of four low molecular weight groups of ethoxylated octylphenol-, dodecylphenol-, tetradecylphenol- and hexadecyl-phenol—formaldehyde polymeric surfactants were determined using the spinning drop method. Some noteworthy features of the interfacial behaviour of dilute aqueous solutions of 16 of these compounds and homologous hydrocarbons are discussed. An important feature is that these surfactants behave similarly to monomeric ones in their hydrocarbon scan, that is they have a minimum IFT value against a particular member of a homologous hydrocarbon series. The magnitudes of the tension at minimum (γ_min) values obtained in this study are of the order of ‘ultralow’ (10^?2-10^?3 mNm^?1). The n_min values of these polymeric nonionic surfactants decrease with increasing hydrophilicity, that is decrease with the increase of ethylene oxide units condensed per mole of alkylphenol unit in the polymeric surfactants studied. In this case, the downward shift in n_min is smaller and apparently not linearly related to the number of EO units. Increasing the hydrophobicity of these polymeric nonionics, that is increasing the length of the alkyl chain from C₈ to C₁₆, resulted in an increase in the n_min values obtained. For each of the investigated groups, the lowest γ_min values are obtained with polymeric surfactants having the highest EO content. The optimum low tension performance occurs at the low end of the equivalent alkane carbon number scale (at EACNs below 6). Under the influence of added electrolytes these EACNs were shifted to higher values.     

Polymeric surfactants for enhanced oil recovery. Part II—the hlb-cmc relationship of ethoxylated alkylphenol-formaldehyde polymeric surfactants

The natural log of critical micelle concentration (CMC) values obtained from the natural log discontinuities in surface tension-concentration relationships, through the least-squares regression analysis, were plotted against the respective hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values of four groups of ethoxylated octylphenol-, dodecylphenol-, tetradecylphenol- and hexadecylphenol-formal-dehyde polymeric surfactants. The obtained HLB-CMC relationship for the investigated compounds can be represented satisfactorily by the linearized equation In (CMC) = a—b (HLB). Values of the two constants a (intercept) and b (slope) for 16 of these compounds were determined at 28, 38, 48 and 58°C, using the least-squares regression analysis of data. The study revealed that both a and b values increase with increasing number of carbon atoms in the ethoxylates of polymeric compounds having a linear alkyl chain. The influence of branching is reflected in the values of a and b of the compounds having a branched dodecyl chain. The most striking feature of the obtained equation is that the CMC decreases with increasing HLB (negative slope). This observation is contrary to what is generally expected for both ionic and nonionic surfactants.