面粉中除虫菊酯的测定

天然杀虫剂除虫菊酯是用某些菊花的花簇在室温下干燥加工提取出来的。在除虫菊酯中的活性物质是除虫菊酯Ⅰ(Pyrethrin-Ⅰ)和除虫菊酯Ⅱ,瓜菊酯Ⅰ(Cinerin-Ⅰ)和瓜菊酯Ⅱ,茉莉菊酯Ⅰ(Jasmolin-Ⅰ)和茉莉菊酯Ⅱ。它们主要用作谷物和蔬菜贮藏的防护剂。某些杀虫喷雾剂也含有除虫菊酯。     

三维针织间隔织物及其应用

描述了三维针织间隔织物的特性及其应用领域.具有特殊结构的三维间隔织物是用于开发新产品的新领域.这种产品与众不同的特点对多样化的应用领域,如汽车用纺织品、家用装饰品、运动纺织品、医用纺织品以及产业用纺织品等提供了更广泛的条件.     

防吸血昆虫织物

美国一家纺织品公司试制了一种防蚊和其它吸血昆虫的织物.这种织物经过二氧苯醚酯和除虫菊配合固着剂处理,在织物表面形成一层药剂薄膜,蚊子和其它吸血昆虫都避而远之.如果接触这样织物表面15秒钟,昆虫就会死亡.     

针刺毡生产中的润滑剂

综述了针刺毡生产中需要使用添加剂的原因以及NF润滑剂的作用。针刺毡生产技术从19世纪开始存在至今,目前已是用途最广泛的工艺之一,生产织物和最终制品,用于家用装饰织物、服装和制鞋工业、医药卫生用途、汽车内部装备、建筑工业,以及产业用纺织品领域内的多种制品。     

经编技术织物(一)

织物主要分为三大类:服用织物、家用织物及技术织物。前两种织物已属于常见范围,而用于技术领域的纺织品却不为人们所熟悉。除了机织、针织及无纺织物外,经编技术织物有较广的使用范围,并具有以下优点:(1)可以制织无结网类织物,它强度高,重量轻,作捕渔拖网时在水中的阻力小;(2)具有不滑动的网孔组织,可节省原料;(3)织     

浅醉闲眠,我国医用纺织品行业待梦圆

人类使用医用纺织品的历史是相当久远的。早在4000多年前的古埃及人就懂得利用天然粘合的亚麻麻纱来缝合伤口,以及用天然药物植物处理过的织物来包裹木乃伊,以防止其腐烂。目前,随着新型纤维的开发以及纱线和织物新型制造工艺的研发,医用纺织品也在朝着更加广泛的应用领域迈进。为他人做嫁衣裳在我国根据不同的用途大致将医用纺织品划分为非植入材料、植入材料、体外装置、医用和卫生用纺织品4个大类。我们最常见的就是医     

床单和枕套等家用织物的双面印花

意大利Reggiani厂最近发展的MirrorPrint双面印花的圆网印花机,可用于床单、枕套等家用织物的双面印花,在织物的二面可印得不同的颜色或花样。该工艺在欧洲已获得成功,在1977意大利Bassetti Mascioni家用织物加工厂已采用双面印花的亚麻织物,在英国和比利时也有厂商向Reggiani厂订购该印花机。美国高级零售商也表示强烈愿望,需要双面印花织物,并要求六家生产厂装置必须的设备。     

国内外纺织品色牢度彩色标准织物研究现状及意义

本文论述了国内外纺织品色牢度彩色标准织物研究现状及意义,并以耐摩擦色牢度为例,论述了纺织品色牢度彩色标准织物的几个用途:可用于摩擦测试仪器的校验确认;用于摩擦过程中操作规范性的校验确认;降低人工评级难度、提高评级准确度;作为评级仪器评级结果的基准;用于生产企业的质量控制;用于检测实验室的质量控制等,从而提出了纺织品色牢度彩色标准织物开发的必要性及迫切性。     

国外家用纺织品趋向“五化”

近年来,国外家用纺织品发展趋向“五化”。 功能化 发达国家的家用纺织品正趋向多功能发展,按床上用品、室内装饰配套设计要求,经过特殊工艺整理可缝制成具有多功能用途的床单、床罩、床垫套、沙发套、台布和窗帘等。 配套化 床上用品、卫生 洗用品、餐厨用品讲究配套化。例如床上用品的组合由原来的一条床单、两个枕套的三     

竹原纤维床上家用纺织品的性能分析

研究竹原纤维织物作为床上家用纺织品时的各项性能.通过对竹原纤维织物与传统床上家用纺织品棉纤维织物的有关性能进行测试与分析,结果发现竹原纤维织物具有优于棉纤维织物的优良特性,主要体现在吸湿、透气、染色、抗起毛起球、抗菌等方面,表明竹原纤维织物是一种新型的、现代的床上家用纺织品面料.     

Modified application process on cotton fabric for improved mosquito repellency

As mosquito-borne diseases are increasing continuously throughout the world, mosquito repellent textiles are in demand as a preventive measure for mosquito bites to avoid diseases. In this study, mosquito repellent chemical was prepared by modification of N, N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) and applied on to cotton textiles. As DEET is a well-known mosquito repellent, it is a main ingredient in this modified DEET (MD). Mosquito repellent textiles were prepared by padding cotton fabrics with MD using a conventional pad-dry-cure method. Mosquito repellent activity was evaluated by cage test method wherein a human arm covered with the treated textiles to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes was exposed. Fabrics treated with MD presented a higher and longer lasting protection from mosquitoes assuring over 90% mosquito repellency for unwashed treated fabrics and between70 and 80% for 10 times washed treated fabrics.     

防污亚麻织物的开发

介绍了防污亚麻织物的生产方法,及采用含氟拒水拒油整理剂对亚麻织物进行拒水拒油整理的工艺条件,比较了整理前后亚麻织物的防污性能、强力、透气性.测试结果表明:利用含氟拒水拒油整理剂对亚麻织物进行后整理,可以使织物获得较好的防污性能,而不影响织物的服用性能.     

粘/亚麻深色织物拒水拒油整理

将粘／亚麻织物染成深色，然后用OLEOPHOBOL-CO整理剂对其进行拒水拒油整理，并针对试验探讨了整理效果和拒水拒油整理对深色粘／亚麻织物各项色牢度、手感、色光的影响。研究表明，50g／L的OLEOPHOBOL-CO整理剂处理后，粘／亚麻深色织物的拒水拒油效果较显著，且拒油效果耐久。活性染料染色织物经拒水拒油整理后，湿牢度可提高0．5级，且手感柔软。     

Dyeing of cotton fabric for improved mosquito repellency

Recently, mosquito repellent textile materials are increasingly in demand from consumers as a preventive measure from mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue. Mosquito repellent-treated textile material initially shows good repellency against mosquitoes but upon repeated washing cycles this effect gets washed off considerably. In the present work, 4-Amino-N, N-diethyl–3-methyl benzamide (MD) is synthesized from N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and it is used as base material for synthesis of azo group. This synthesized base MD was then coupled with three different napthols to get dyed cotton fabric using diazotization process. This dyed cotton fabric has imparted mosquito repellent finish in one, single operation of dyeing cum finishing. This approach is based on modification of universally used mosquito repellent and synthesizing an azo group-based dye in the fibre matrix of the cotton fabric. The chemical structures of the MD were characterized using FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. The fastness properties of the dyed cum finished fabric were measured to evaluate the performance of the dyed fabric. Efficacy of mosquito repellency of the dyed cotton fabric was studied using standard methods. The dyed cotton fabric using napthols and MD showed very good and durable mosquito-repellent activity.     

亚麻织物耐日晒整理的研究

日晒牢度是纺织品色牢度中的一项重要指标。通过对亚麻织物采用表面活性剂处理，然后使用在常规染色中日晒牢度较低的染料——活性嫩黄K-46进行染色，再与常规染色的亚麻织物进行日晒牢度的对比，摸索出了一种兼顾环保、节能的染色工艺。     

Application of microencapsulated biopesticides to improve repellent finishing of cotton fabrics

Insect repellent textiles are currently being investigated as a complementary tool to control disease vectors, such as mosquitoes. The application of microencapsulated biopesticides to textiles is a promising low-toxicity alternative to other control methods, as microcapsules may prolong the release of the repellent agent. In this work, microcapsules containing two biopesticides, namely citronella essential oil and citriodiol® were prepared and applied to cotton textiles using a variety of techniques. The aim of this work was to evaluate these functional textiles to select the most efficient, durable systems. Citriodiol-treated cotton presented a prolonged durability, and 100% repellency could be achieved for more than 30 days after padding onto cotton fabrics. It has to be pointed out that all these repellent textiles have been obtained by scalable, low-cost methods which would require no additional investment for textile finishing industries.     

锦纶织物中氯菊酯含量测试方法比较

为对比研究不同测试方法测试表征纺织品中氯菊酯含量的异同,探寻快速的测试手段,选用氯菊酯驱蚊剂并采用喷雾法对锦纶织物进行整理,分别采用数码显微系统、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、气相色谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪对不同质量浓度氯菊酯整理锦纶织物进行测试与表征。结果表明：光学形貌图像、扫描电镜微观形貌图像和红外光谱均可快速表征出经氯菊酯整理后锦纶织物的表面特征,但难以做到精准定量分析;气相色谱、X射线光电子能谱可实现定量分析,但耗时长、成本高;紫外吸收光谱可满足对锦纶织物氯菊酯含量的快速定量分析,测试结果与X射线光电子能谱测试结果有较高拟合度,拟合系数为0.985。     

Why Cotton as Linen? The Use of Wool in Beds in Norway

Cotton is the “natural” choice and the dominating material in bed linen and sleepwear in Norway as in many other European countries. Regulation of temperature and humidity are important for good sleep, but they are not cotton’s strong points. There must have been other than the functional reasons which made cotton the winner in the bedding market. This article builds on literature about bedding in Norway from the 1800s and survey questions from 1951. We ask the question: what materials have been used and why? Wool was used in all bed textiles, both closest to the body and the layers over and under, from the cheapest chopped rags to the most costly textiles. The decline was seen throughout the 1800 and 1900s, but only in the 1960s does wool become totally absent as a next to skin bed textile. The cheap imports of cotton made cottage industry and home production unprofitable and the new emphasis on cleanliness gave cotton a clear leverage.     

Synthesis of reactive dye to impart mosquito repellency to nylon

Mosquito repellent textile materials are being increasingly in demand as a preventive measure to protect the consumers from mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, etc. Many of these agents are applied in post-colouration operation to the fabric. Although initially they show good repellency against mosquitoes, upon repeated washing cycles, this effect gets diminished considerably. In the present work, nylon fabric is imparted mosquito repellent finish in one, single operation of dyeing cum finishing. This approach is based on the modification of commonly used mosquito-repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and synthesizing a reactive dye based on this important ingredient. A reactive dye was synthesized in order to impart mosquito repellency to the nylon 6 fabric, DEET was first subjected to nitration using Potassium nitrate and dichloromethane (DCM). This nitrated product was reduced in the presence of water: ethanol (30:70) and the amine, thus, produced was then condensed with 2, 4, 6-trichloro-1, 3, 5-triazine (cyanuric chloride) a reactive group. The resultant product was finally reacted with an amino group present in 6-Amino-2-naphthalenesulphonic acid (Bronner’s acid) to obtain Sodium6-((4-(diethylcarbamoyl)-2-methylphenyl) amino)-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl) amino) naphthalene-2-sulfonate (reactive dye). This reactive dye was then applied on nylon 6 fabric by covalent bonding to provide mosquito-repellent material. The chemical structures of the dye were characterized using FTIR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. The melting point of the dye was characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The fastness properties of the dyed cum finished fabric were measured to evaluate the performance of the dye. Efficacy of mosquito repellency of the treated nylon 6 fabric was studied using standard methods. The nylon 6 fabric reacted with the mosquito-repellent dye and showed very good durable mosquito-repellent activity.     

涂层织物生产方法与发展趋势

开发功能性纺织品是21世纪纺织领域重要的研究方向之一,涂层整理是研制功能纺织品的重要手段。织物经过涂层不仅可以改变其外观、手感等,还可以使织物具有特殊的功能,例如,拒水拒油、阻燃、抗菌、防辐射、防静电等。本文主要介绍涂层织物的生产方法、涂层剂和基布的种类、涂层方法和涂层织物的应用等情况,并对涂层织物的发展趋势进行了分析。