海洋飞溅区钢结构的防腐蚀技术

由于海洋腐蚀环境苛刻,海洋环境中的钢铁与周围介质发生电化学反应而受到严重腐蚀。其中,飞溅区由于所处的位置特殊,受多种因素影响是5个区域中腐蚀最严重和防腐蚀措施最容易失效的区带。本文综述了海洋飞溅区钢结构各种防腐蚀方法,对比了不同防护方法的优缺点。     

海洋钢结构浪花飞溅区腐蚀防护技术

随着我国对海洋资源的开发,海洋钢结构的腐蚀控制技术越来越受到关注。海洋环境可以分为海洋大气区、浪花飞溅区、海水潮差区、海水全浸区和海底泥土区等5个腐蚀区带。其中,海洋钢结构在浪花飞溅区腐蚀最为严重。在浪花飞溅区,钢表面受到海水的周期性润湿,处于干湿交替状态,氧供应充分,盐分不断浓缩,加之阳光、风吹和海水环境等协同作用导致发生最严重的腐蚀。锈层的自氧化反应是加速钢结构在浪花飞溅区腐蚀的一个主要原因。当前,国内对于海洋钢铁设施大气区通常采用涂料保护,海水全浸区采用电化学保护,都取得了较好的保护效果,但是这些保护技术对于钢结构在浪花飞溅区的腐蚀防护效果并不佳。而复层矿脂包覆防腐（PTC）技术是当前海洋钢铁设施浪花飞溅区防腐蚀应用较为理想的方法,对此进行了重点介绍。     

海洋钢结构飞溅区防腐蚀技术现状

由于海洋腐蚀环境苛刻,海洋环境中的钢铁与周围介质发生电化学反应等而受到严重腐蚀,海洋腐蚀区域划分为大气区,飞溅区,潮差区,全浸区和海泥区五个区域。飞溅区由于所处的位置特殊,受多种因素影响是五个区域中腐蚀最严重的区带。本文介绍了海洋钢结构飞溅区各种防腐蚀技术,这些技术主要包括电化学防护技术、覆盖层防护技术等,其中覆盖层防护技术包括金属热喷涂技术、金属包覆技术、混凝土包覆技术、玻璃钢包覆技术、涂层覆盖技术、多层护套技术等。每种技术都介绍了技术发展情况、应用案例情况等。对比了不同防护方法的优缺点及各自适用的工况环境,指出实际应用时应根据不同的环境情况,来选用不同的防腐蚀措施。     

钢铁设施在海洋浪花飞溅区的腐蚀行为及其新型包覆防护技术

指出海洋腐蚀的严重性及发展各种防腐蚀技术的重要性。海洋环境下浪花飞溅区腐蚀是钢铁设施腐蚀最为严重的区域,强调了海洋浪花飞溅区保护的重要意义。介绍了一种浪花飞溅区保护的长效保护技术,复层包覆防蚀技术(PTC)。PTC保护技术是当前海洋钢铁设施浪花飞溅区防腐蚀应用较为理想的方法。     

海上油气田钢结构物腐蚀及防护技术

本文概括了海洋油田平台钢结构物不同区域的腐蚀环境和腐蚀特点。针对海洋油田固定式生产平台钢结构的防腐保护要求,就海洋平台钢结构大气区,飞溅区和全浸区的防腐防护技术进行了探讨。     

钢结构的防腐蚀结构设计

钢结构的设计是防腐蚀控制的重要一环。结构设计时应从钢结构形状、防止电偶腐蚀和应力腐蚀、避免缝隙及死角、减少磨损腐蚀等诸多方面着手来进行防腐蚀控制，它是最经济、最有效的措施。     

PTC矿脂包覆防腐蚀技术在国内的应用进展

综述了PTC矿脂包覆防腐蚀技术在国内的应用领域,并从经济和安全角度对该技术进行了分析,提出重点治理与常规保护、多技术综合治理腐蚀问题应是防腐蚀行业的发展和应用重点。PTC矿脂包覆防腐蚀技术具有表面处理要求低、结构和环境适应性强、长效防护、全寿命成本低等优势,可对钢制设施设备关键部位进行长效防腐蚀保护,如海洋钢结构浪花飞溅区部位、管道接口、阀门、海上风机基础等,弥补了涂层等技术的局限性,与涂层等传统技术一起,对被保护物起到全面、长效的防护。     

钢结构腐蚀与涂层防护

钢结构处于不稳定状态会发生腐蚀现象,采用防腐蚀涂层是最有效、最经济、应用最普遍的方法,本文介绍了钢结构发生的电化学腐蚀反应现象,目前对涂层防护机理的研究现状及评定涂层防腐性能的方法,指出涂层防护机理的深入研究,对研制性能更优的防腐蚀涂料和涂装技术具有重要指导意义。     

海洋平台飞溅区腐蚀与防腐修复技术

海洋平台的不同区域具有不同的腐蚀环境和腐蚀特点。海洋飞溅区是海洋腐蚀环境最苛刻的区域。针对飞溅区防腐保护的要求,介绍了几种导管架飞溅区新型防腐修复技术,为海洋平台导管架的腐蚀与修复提供参考。     

海洋工程结构腐蚀控制技术通过验收

由中国科学院海洋所、中科院金属研究所等单位承担的十一五国家科技支撑计划项目——海洋工程结构浪花飞溅区腐蚀控制技术及应用通过课题验收。该项目以我国海洋石油平台、海港码头和跨海大桥等重大海洋工程设施为研究对象,内容包括钢结构和钢筋混凝土结构设施的浪花飞溅区腐蚀防护与修复关键技术、腐蚀检/监测技术、安全性评价和寿命预测、     

海洋平台桩腿防腐层修复三层包覆防护结构研究与应用

目的研究开发一种可在海水环境中施工的海洋平台桩腿飞溅区防腐层修复体系——三层包覆结构及其施工方法。方法通过材料研究及产品生产研究和性能评价及现场应用及检测,开发出满足防腐层修复的材料体系和施工方法。结果该三层包覆防护结构的自憎水密封油的憎水率达到98.4%,防腐带的拉伸强度达18.6 MPa,断裂伸长率达21.6%;防护套的拉伸强度达31.8 MPa,断裂伸长率达760%,抗紫外光时间达3000 h,三层包覆防护体系能够耐渤海湾百年一遇的冰冲击。结论研制的三层包覆防护材料能满足海洋环境的施工和防腐要求,同时满足海洋平台飞溅区桩腿防腐蚀和抗冰冲击的要求,是一种海洋平台桩腿及其他类似构筑物飞溅区腐蚀防护效果很好的修复技术。     

H石油平台立管腐蚀失效分析

本文通过分析立管材质和腐蚀产物,对石油平台立管的失效进行全面分析,并对飞溅区立管的腐蚀防护提出保护措施.     

Corrosion Behavior of Low-C Medium-Mn Steel in Simulated Marine Immersion and Splash Zone Environment

The corrosion behavior of low-C medium-Mn steel in simulated marine immersion and splash zone environment was studied by static immersion corrosion experiment and wet-dry cyclic corrosion experiment, respectively. Corrosion rate, corrosion products, surface morphology, cross-sectional morphology, elemental distribution, potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra were used to elucidate the corrosion behavior of low-C medium-Mn steel. The results show that corrosion rate in immersion zone is much less than that in splash zone owing to its relatively mild environment. Manganese compounds are detected in the corrosion products and only appeared in splash zone environment, which can deteriorate the protective effect of rust layer. With the extension of exposure time, corrosion products are gradually transformed into dense and thick corrosion rust from the loose and porous one in these two environments. But in splash zone environment, alloying elements of Mn appear significant enrichment in the rust layer, which decrease the corrosion resistance of the steel.     

海洋工程用铝合金的腐蚀与防护研究进展

海洋工程用铝合金部件在服役环境下引发的点蚀、晶间腐蚀等已成为困扰机器装备使用寿命和稳定性的关键问题。目前,阴极保护、缓蚀剂、阳极氧化和保护涂层是针对海洋环境中铝合金腐蚀的常用防护措施。阐述了海洋工程装备常用的铝合金类型和使用场所,发现5系和6系铝合金是船舶制造和海洋平台搭建的首选材料,其中,具备优异力学性能、耐腐蚀性能的5系铝合金一般用来制作甲板、储存装置等大型主要承力构件。重点综述了铝合金在海洋大气区、浪花飞溅区、海水全浸区的腐蚀行为和腐蚀机制,经对比发现,与钢不同,铝合金在海水全浸区的腐蚀最严重,而在环境最恶劣的浪花飞溅区腐蚀损伤相对较轻;点蚀、晶间腐蚀是2种典型的铝合金腐蚀类型,同时应力腐蚀、微生物腐蚀也制约着铝合金在海洋工程领域的应用。最后分析了当前在海洋环境中对铝合金腐蚀防护采取的几种措施,指出工程实际中采用的防护方式为2种及2种以上措施的联合使用,并提出铝合金未来在失效行为分析、性能优化和涂层材料选择等方面的发展趋势,以期为研发在极端海洋环境下服役的铝合金及其防护材料提供参考。     

Corrosion behavior of steel in Chengdao offshore oil exploitation area

From September 1992 to September 1995, the corrosion behavior of three marine steels was studied in Chengdao offshore area by means of individually and electro‐connectedly hanging plates in order to provide data for anticorrosion design of oil‐exploitation structures there. The variation trend of corrosion rate with exposure time showed that the variation curves and degrees of three steels were generally identical and had nothing to do with the exposure time. The whole change trend of corrosion rates in three years showed that the corrosion rates of 20^# steel were nearly identical in different positions, each of which was a little lower than that of 16 Mn steel specimens in corresponding positions, also was lower than that of A₃ steel specimens in tidal zone and immersion zone. Although 20^# steel corroded rapidly at first, its corrosion rate has a decreasing trend in the long‐term service. Therefore, 20^# steel is feasible to be applied for a long time in various marine zones, especially nearby the low tidal line and immersion zone. The results of A₃ steel, 16 Mn steel and 20^# steel by means of electrically connected hanging plate in three years indicated that the corrosion of the steel specimens in the splash zone was the most severe as the result of dry‐wet cycle and macrocell effect. Specimens in the other positions corroded mildly, and that in tidal zone corroded most slowly. The corrosion rate of 20^# steel was the highest among the three steels in the test, and the corrosion rates of A₃ steel and 16 Mn steel were identical on the whole. When the specimens were hanged electro‐connectedly, the macrocell effect generally tended to increase with exposure time. The highest corrosion rate of A₃ steel in the splash zone in the three years was about 0.278 mm/a, while that of 16 Mn steel was about 0.321 mm/a, and that of 20^# steel was 0.330 mm/a or so. In contrast, the corrosion rate of the steels in the tidal zone was the lowest in three years, which were 0.052 mm/a (A₃ steel), 0.048 mm/a (16 Mn steel) and 0.040 mm/a (20^# steel).     

钢在海洋飞溅带腐蚀行为探讨

通过钢在我国四个海域的海洋飞溅带暴露试验的结果,显示了海洋飞溅带的范围和腐蚀峰值.     

Corrosion of Bare and Galvanized Mild Steel in Arabian Gulf Environment

Corrosion performance of bare and galvanized mild steel in atmospheric, soil and splash zone exposure conditions was evaluated at a Khaleej Mardumah test station (KMTS) in Jubail Industrial City (JIC) located at Arabian Gulf coast. The samples were exposed for a period of 15 months. During the exposure, the environmental conditions were periodically monitored by analysis of air, soil, groundwater, and seawater samples. The corroded mild steel and galvanized steel samples were examined by SEM, XRD and XRF to identify the corrosion products and study their surface morphology. Weight loss method was employed to determine the corrosion rates. The experimental results showed that intense temperature and humidity variations as well as high chloride and sulfate concentrations in the region result in severe corrosion of bare mild steel especially under the splash zone conditions. A comparison with the corrosion data for other parts of the world shows that atmospheric and soil environments at the selected test site are significantly corrosive to mild steel. The splash zone, on the other hand, is much more corrosive to mild and galvanized steel than the other parts of the world.     

不锈钢在海洋环境中的腐蚀

在海洋大气区含铬大于１７％的不锈钢基本不腐蚀,在飞溅区,在含铬大于１７％的不锈钢腐蚀较轻,耐蚀性没有明显的差别。２Ｃｒ１３在海洋大气区和飞溅区不能维持钝态。不锈钢在潮 汐区的腐蚀较重,耐蚀性有明显差别。不锈钢在全浸区的腐蚀业重,耐蚀性判别很大。海生物污损对不锈钢的腐蚀有明显的影响。     

海洋结构物牺牲阳极阴极保护设计方法探讨

阴极保护在腐蚀防护领域被广泛接受和使用,海洋结构物飞溅区以下通常采用阴极保护方式进行防腐.本文在总结国内外各种常用阴极保护设计方法、标准和实际工程应用设计方法基础上,对海洋结构物常用牺牲阳极阴极保护设计方法进行了系统的分析,指出了各种设计方法的优缺点,供从事相关科研、设计工作人员参考.