Tunable All-Optical Wavelength Conversion of 160-Gb/s RZ Optical Signals by Cascaded SFG-DFG Generation in PPLN Waveguide

We report, for the first time, tunable all-optical wavelength conversion of 160-Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) optical signals based on cascaded sum- and difference-frequency generation in a periodically poled LiNbO₃ waveguide. The distorted signals due to limited phase-matching bandwidth during conversion were compensated by spectral reshaping. We achieved error-free tunable wavelength conversion with a bit-error rate of less than 10^-9 for 160-Gb/s RZ signals in a 23-nm tuning range over the C-band     

基于电吸收调制器实现波长变换及仿真分析

文中分析了基于MQW—EAM交叉吸收效应实现波长变换的原理,并对现有的EAM的交叉吸收效应模型进行了改进,使其可用于多光束信号注入情况。并分两种情况对EAM数学模型进行了详细分析,根据模型仿真得出了单高斯脉冲注入和强信号注入下的载流子浓度关系图,仿真结果与事实原理吻合较好。     

全光波长变换器研究进展

分析了全光波长变换器的几种方案，阐述了各自的优缺点，指出利用级联二阶非线性光学晶体的波长变换方案是目前的发展趋势。     

SOA-Assisted Data-Polarization-Insensitive Wavelength Conversion in a PPLN Waveguide

We demonstrate a novel method of wavelength conversion in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide using polarization modulation and amplitude modulation of its pump. Polarization-insensitive, all-optical, intensity-to-polarization conversion in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is used to reduce the waveguide's polarization sensitivity from >30 dB to <1 dB. We demonstrate BER measurements of the converted signal at 2.5 Gb/s. We also demonstrate polarization modulation of the PPLN waveguide pump using cross-polarization modulation in highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) at 10 Gb/s.     

波分复用-光时分复用波长转换信号的消光比研究

对基于半导体光放大器(SOA)交叉增益调制(XGM)效应的全光波分复用一光时分复用(WDM—OTDM)转换后的两路时分复用输出信号的消光比(ER)特性进行了分析。研究了两路波分复用的输入抽运光和探测光的功率、波长、抽运光的消光比、数据速率以及半导体光放大器的偏置电流、腔长和模场限制因子对转换信号消光比的影响。模拟结果表明，增大抽运光输入功率，选择长波长抽运光，可以增加转换光相应信道消光比，但减小了相邻信道的输出消光比；增加抽运光消光比，可以提高转换光消光比，但各个信道增长幅度不同；减小探测光输入功率，选取短波长探测光波长，增加半导体光放大器的腔长和模场限制因子以及大的偏置电流可提高转换光消光比；对于两路或多路波分复用信号转换时分复用信号的过程中，一定要考虑转换光每个信道消光比的均衡。     

基于半导体光放大器的波长转换技术 及其在WDM 全光网络中的应用

本文在简单地介绍了各种波长转换技术之后,对基于半导体光放大器的交叉增益调制,交叉相位调制,以及四波混频效应的波长转换技术进行了深入地分析,为了阐明波长转换技术在WDM全光网络的中的应用,研究了一种分析模型。     

Optimum Design for 160-Gb/s All-Optical Time-Domain Demultiplexing Based on Cascaded Second-Order Nonlinearities of SHG and DFG

All-optical time-domain demultiplexing based on cascaded second-order nonlinearities of second-harmonic generation and difference-frequency generation in quasi-phase-matched periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides is discussed in order to maximize conversion efficiency and control crosstalk under the given level. The three parameters, including the waveguide length, clock pulsewidth, and clock offset, are investigated carefully and comprehensively. The concepts of maximum waveguide length, maximum clock pulsewidth, and optimal clock offset are defined, and their theoretical expressions are derived for the demultiplexing from 160 to 10 Gb/s. The results calculated from the theoretical expressions are well-consistent with those from the numerical simulation. For two kinds of practical situations, the waveguide length or the clock offset being given, an optimum scheme is proposed to determine the other two parameters readily. The maximum conversion efficiency can therefore be achieved while the quality of the converted wave is sufficient for the practical situations.      

All-Optical Wavelength Conversion of a Chaos Masked Signal

Wavelength conversion in the transmission of a message masked by optical chaos is experimentally demonstrated. In our setup, chaos is generated by a distributed-feedback laser subject to delayed optical feedback, and hides a message by additive chaos masking. The optical wavelength is converted, along the transmission line, by four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier. At the receiver, the message is extracted by master-slave synchronization. Our experiments demonstrate that secure communications based on chaos are compatible with channel switching as required in reconfigurable optical networks.     

注入锁定半导体激光器全光波长转换技术

波长转换器是光通信网络中的一个重要器件。而除半导体光放大器（SOA）外，半导体激光器也是进行波长变换的一种很好选择。基于半导体激光器的注入锁定波长变换技术具有转换带宽较大、啁啾小、消光比特性好、结构简单、成本低廉等诸多优点。将探测光与信号光同步注入法布里-珀罗（F-P）半导体激光器，可以通过信号光功率的变化控制激光器锁模与失锁，导致腔内纵模变化，探测光随之被共振放大或减弱，从而将信息由信号光转换到探测光频率上。从静态实验入手，对半导体激光器的注入锁定现象及光信号控制法布里-珀罗纵模移动等问题分别进行了研究。分析了动态转换激光器工作点的选取问题，在动态实验中实现了较宽范围的正相与反相波长转换，转换速率达到了10Gb／s。     

Wavelength Conversion in WDM All-Optical Networks and Analytical Models

This paper gives a brief introduction to the various wavelength conversion techniques. In order to explain the applications and benefits of the wavelength conversion techniques in WDM all-optical networks, several analytical models are studied.     

一种波长转换范围受限全光网中的波长分配算法

本文研究了波长转换范围受限全光网中的动态路由和波长分配问题,提出了一种固定备选路由条件下新的路由和波长分配算法.算法引入了波长相关性的概念,用波长关联权值定量描述了各路由的前后链路上不同波长之间的相互依赖关系.在建立连接时首先使用那些依赖性强,对其他路由影响小的波长,从全局的角度出发选择最优的路由和波长分配方案.计算机仿真表明,本文算法能够适用于稀疏网络和网状网,在均匀业务强度或者大部分业务量来自于长跳路由的情况下,本文算法能够显著降低网络阻塞概率和使用的波长转换器数目,有效提高系统性能.     

双环结构级联型全光缓存器

提出了一种基于平行排列3×3耦合器的双环结构全光缓存器(DLOB)的级联方案,分析了单级和级联结构的缓存原理及读写方式,通过分析半导体光放大器(SOA)的噪声性能,得到光缓存器输出性能丰要由读写操作阶段注入的控制光功率及SOA的工作电流决定的结论,提出了在反馈式光缓存器中实现单级多圈和多级缓存的可能性,并搭建了一个两级的缓存系统,实验验证两级级联各缓存9圈时,输出信号光的功率几乎没有减少,信噪比(SNR)下降不到4 dB.理论分析和实验都表明,级联型光缓存器能够实现从纳秒级到毫秒级的缓存.可以满足未来光包交换(OPS)发展的需要.     

基于SOA双泵浦FWM全光波长变换的研究

本文报道了半导体光放大器(SOA)在偏振方向相互垂直的双泵浦光作用下,四波混频(FWM)效应实现的全光波长变换实验,其变换效率和信噪比在55nm的调谐范围内较高并且基本稳定.     

基于级联倍频+差频效应的宽带波长转换过程

利用阶梯分段准相位匹配结构实现了基于级联倍频+差频效应的单通/双通宽带波长转换.对于固定的晶体长度,通过增加阶梯段数并合理设计准相位匹配结构参数,可以同时获得高转换效率、大转换带宽和高平坦性.当晶体长度为3 cm时,在保证平坦度低于0.2 dB的前提下,单通构型波长转换器的转换带宽和最大转换效率可分别达到177 nm和-9.94 dB,而双通构型的分别为170 nm和-4.15 dB.最后对基于阶梯分段准相位匹配结构的波长转换器与基于正弦啁啾光学超晶格和分段光栅结构的波长转换器的特性进行了对比分析,结果显示阶梯分段结构具有良好的综合特性.     

基于半导体光放大器的四波混频效应对正交频分复用光信号进行全光波长变换

实验研究了基于半导体光放大器(SOA)的四波混频(FWM)效应的单抽运光正交频分复用(OFDM)信号的波长变换系统.信号光源和抽运光源分别由两个不同输出波长的可调分布反馈式激光器(DFB-LD)产生.信号光源经2.5 Gb/s OFDM的电信号直接调制后再和抽运光源耦合,经光放大器后在SOA实现波长变换.实验结果显示,耦合信号经SOA四波混频效应后,产生新波长的信号光将携带OFDM信号,且转换效率与信号光和抽运光的功率、波长以及两者的偏振夹角有关.同时也测量了转换的OFDM信号的功率-误码曲线和接收星座图.     

Ultrafast All-Optical Processor Based on Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

We have developed a theoretical model of an ultrafast all-optical signal processor based on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer with quantum—dot semiconductor optical amplifiers in both its arms. It is shown that such a processor under different conditions may realize wavelength conversion, xor logic operation, and optical 3R regeneration.      

Optimization of Optical Band-Pass Filters for All-Optical Wavelength Conversion Using Genetic Algorithms

We propose using genetic algorithms to numerically optimize optical band-pass filters (OBFs) for inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion based on semiconductor optical amplifiers. A fourth order Hermite-Gaussian sum series is used to describe the filter transfer function. Signal eye openings greater than 30 dB are obtained for both inverted and noninverted output signals. The dependence of the eye opening, overshoot and pulse amplitude fluctuation on variations in the filter center frequency and bandwidth is explored. We find that for an optimized eye opening in the noninverted signal the filter should be detuned towards lower frequency with respect to the probe frequency. Finally, we show that the optimum filter transfer function obtained with the genetic algorithm can be approximated with good agreement using an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer combined with a Gaussian OBF     

Theoretical Study for Wavelength Conversion of Cascaded Second-Order Nonlinearity in Silica Fiber

In this paper, A novel wavelength divison multiplexing (WDM) nets is proposed by use of cascaded second-order nonlinearities (χ⁽²⁾:χ⁽²⁾) in the D-fiber grating after periodically thermal/electric-field poling, and is theoretically analyzed for the first time. The coupled mode equations of the χ⁽²⁾:χ⁽²⁾ nonlinearities are derived, and the analytic expressions for the electric-field amplitude of converted light wave and the conversion efficiency η are obtained under the small signal approximation, which are well consistent with numerical calculations. Both analytic expressions and numerical results show that, under the phase matching, η is proportional to the logarithm of the square of pump light power, and the 4th power of the grating length L and the second-order nonlinearity d. The calculated results also show that η and Δλ of this fiber grating can be reached over -17dB and 120nm, respectively. With the increase of L, η increases rapidly while Δλ decreases quickly. The results of simulated calculations and theoretical analysis show that the cascaded χ⁽²⁾:χ⁽²⁾ process is different from quasi-phases-matched difference-frequency generation.     

基于PPLN波导全光频率转换技术的研究

围绕全光频率转换技术,简要叙述了基于PPLN波导二阶非线性效应实现的全光频率转换技术的原理及其在全光网中的应用,最后对其发展前景做了展望。     

All-Optical Wavelength Conversion by the Modulation of Self-Locking State of a Single-Mode FP-LD

A novel and quite simple all-optical wavelength converter using a single-mode Fabry–Pérot laser diode (SM FP-LD) is proposed. The working principle is explained and the experimental results at 10 Gb/s are demonstrated. The wavelength conversion is realized based on injection-locking and the modulation of self-locking state of the SM FP-LD by an external pump injection. The converted signals show about an 11-dB extinction ratio and a sidemode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 43 dB in static measurement. We measured the bit-error-rate (BER) performances and error-free conversions were observed. A power penalty of less than 1 dB at a BER of $10 ^{-9}$ was measured, for two different input wavelengths conversion.