SiC颗粒增强Al-Si基复合材料的国内研究进展

综述了SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的发展历史和制备方法,重点阐述了SiC颗粒增强Al-Si基复合材料的国内研究现状,说明了SiC颗粒增强Al-Si基复合材料的优点及存在的主要问题,展望了其发展前景。     

SiC和Si混合颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究现状

SiC颗粒增强含Si铝基复合材料在制备过程中由于Si颗粒的析出,使其成为SiC和Si混合颗粒增强铝基复合材料。SiC和Si混合颗粒增强铝基复合材料具有比强度和比刚度高、耐磨性和耐疲劳性好、尺寸稳定性强、轻质等性能,广泛应用于航空、航天、电子电器等工业领域。主要介绍了SiC和Si混合颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究现状及几种制备工艺,分析了其显微组织中存在的缺陷及复合材料性能的影响因素;展望了SiC和Si混合颗粒增强铝基复合材料的应用前景。     

SiC颗粒预处理对SiC_p/Al-Si复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用高温焙烧加水洗工艺对SiC颗粒进行处理,用真空热压法制备SiC颗粒增强Al-Si基复合材料,研究了SiC预处理对复合材料微观组织和抗拉强度的影响。结果表明,经预处理的SiC颗粒增强Al-Si基复合材料界面结合良好,孔隙减少,相对密度和抗拉强度显著提高。     

固相合成纳米级xSiC/Mg-5.5Zn-0.1Y合金组织及力学性能

通过固相合成的方法制备纳米级SiC颗粒增强Mg-5.5Zn-0.1Y合金，研究了SiC颗粒质量分数对Mg-5.5Zn-0.1Y合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着SiC颗粒质量分数的提高，SiC颗粒分布状态变得更团聚，产生了明显的钉扎作用，具有显著细化晶粒的效果。SiC颗粒附近区域产生了大量位错，为添加质量分数2.0%SiC颗粒的Mg-5.5Zn-0.1Y合金再结晶形核提供有利条件，促进晶粒细化。提高SiC颗粒质量分数，合金硬度增大，加入质量分数2.0%SiC颗粒时，合金获得了最高硬度（HV 82）。提高SiC颗粒质量分数，降低了合金裂纹数量，SiC颗粒和Mg-5.5Zn-0.1Y合金发生界面脱粘现象，形成裂纹源并引起断裂。提高SiC颗粒质量分数能够使合金获得更高的强度与伸长率。     

碳热还原法制备SiC的热力学分析

对碳热还原法制备SiC进行了热力学分析。通过热力学计算,分析了CO分压、SiO_2和C颗粒的粒度及其混合的均匀性对制备SiC反应的影响。结果表明:一定温度下降低CO的分压能有效增大反应生成SiC的热力学趋势;对碳热还原反应而言,SiO_2颗粒和C颗粒的混合均匀性及其各自的粒度非常重要;通过控制温度和调整CO气体的分压,可以控制生成SiC的微观形貌。     

纳米SiC增强纯Al基复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

与采用微米尺度SiC颗粒为增强相制备的Al基复合材料相比,以纳米SiC颗粒为增强相制备的Al基复合材料具有更加优异的力学性能,可极大提高SiC增强Al基复合材料的服役可靠性及应用范围。采用传统粉末冶金方法制备纳米SiC颗粒增强纯Al基复合材料,研究烧结温度和增强相体积分数对复合材料微观结构和力学性能的影响。研究表明,烧结温度和增强相体积分数均对复合材料的微观结构和力学性能有重要影响。随烧结温度升高,复合材料中的残留微孔减少,密度和强度均得到显著提高。含体积分数为3%纳米SiC颗粒的复合材料在610℃具有最高的强度,进一步提高纳米SiC颗粒的含量并不能提高材料的力学性能,这主要是由于当纳米SiC颗粒的体积分数超过3%时将出现明显的团聚,从而降低强化效应。     

颗粒尺寸及分布均匀性对SiC/Al-30Si复合材料组织性能的影响

采用真空热压法制备SiCp/Al-30Si复合材料.利用扫描电镜对材料的微观组织进行表征,检测力学性能.结果表明:随着SiC颗粒平均粒径的增大,材料的组织中SiC颗粒的团聚现象逐渐消失,其在基体中的分布更加均匀.抗拉强度与增强体颗粒尺寸有关,SiC颗粒平均粒径为13 μm时,材料的抗拉强度最大.材料的断裂方式为脆性断裂,SiC颗粒粒径为4μm时,断口表面有团聚、裸露的SiC颗粒;SiC颗粒粒径为13μm时,断口SiC颗粒表面包覆着一层铝硅合金;SiC颗粒粒径为30μm时,断口处有断裂的SiC颗粒,部分SiC颗粒从基体中被拔出.     

HPT制备高含量SiC颗粒增强Al基复合材料的性能和致密化行为

采用高压扭转法制备了SiCP/Al基复合材料,分析了不同SiC体积分数复合材料的显微组织、硬度、相对密度及SiC颗粒分布的变化情况,并探讨了SiCP/Al基复合材料在高压扭转变形过程中的致密化机理。结果表明:随着SiC体积分数的增加,复合材料的相对密度不断减小,硬度和SiC颗粒的分布均匀程度均先增大后减小,且硬度沿试样径向呈递增趋势。同时,随着SiC体积分数的增大,SiC颗粒破碎和团聚现象也更为严重。     

SiC对流变轧制Mg-3Sn-1Mn-xSiC复合材料组织性能的影响

利用剪切/搅拌与流变轧制制备了Mg-3Sn-1Mn-xSiC(质量分数/%)复合板材,研究了SiC对流变轧制Mg-3Sn-1Mn-xSiC复合材料组织性能的影响.结果表明:经过活化处理的SiC颗粒在Mg-3Sn-1Mn-xSiC复合材料内部分布较均匀;SiC颗粒可促进Mg-3Sn-1Mn-xSiC复合材料在凝固过程中Mg2Sn相异质形核,Mg2Sn相在SiC颗粒表面形核长大;同时,SiC颗粒可促进Mg-3Sn-1Mn-xSiC复合材料在凝固过程中α-Mg晶粒的细化与球化,随着SiC含量增加,α-Mg晶粒平均直径和圆度逐渐减小.制备的Mg-3Sn-1Mn-10SiC复合板材抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到242±4MPa和7.6±0.3%,比相同条件下制备的Mg-3Sn-1Mn合金板材的抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了38%和36%.     

用反应压力熔渗法制备高含量SiCp/6013Al复合材料及其力学性能

研究了反应压力熔渗法制备高含量SiCp／Al复合材料的工艺过程及其抗弯强度。研究表明：通过适当的粒度配比,可在低温、低压力下熔渗制备组织均匀的高含量SiCp／6013Al复合材料,SiC颗粒含量达到63％;复合材料的强度在很大程度上依赖于SiC颗粒尺寸及界面反应程度,合适的界面结合及细SiC颗粒的掺入有利于复合材料强度的提高,最高可达445MPa。     

Aspects of fracture in particulate reinforced metal matrix composites

The tensile deformation and fracture behaviour of the aluminium alloy 6061 reinforced with SiC has been investigated. In the T4 temper plastic deformation occurs throughout the gauge length and the extent of SiC particle cracking increases with increasing strain. In the T6 temper strain becomes localised and particle cracking is more concentrated close to the fracture. The elastic modulus decreases with increasing particle damage and this allows a damage parameter to be identified. The fraction of SiC particles which fracture is less than 5%, and over most of the strain range the damage controlling the tensile ductility can be recovered, indicating that other factors, in addition to particle cracking are important in influencing tensile ductility. It is suggested that macroscopic fracture is initiated by the SiC particle clusters that are present in these composites as a result of the processing. The matrix within the clusters is subjected to high levels of triaxial stress due to elastic misfit and the constraints exerted on the matrix by the surrounding particles. Final fracture is then produced by crack propagation through the matrix between the clusters.     

不同粒径的SiC体积配比对SiC_p/Al基复合材料显微组织和拉伸性能的影响

为了研究不同粒径的Si C体积配比对SiC_p/Al基复合材料显微组织及拉伸性能的影响,采用高压扭转法(High-pressure torsion,HPT)将3.5μm(小)、7.0μm(大)SiC颗粒体积比分别为4∶1、1∶1、1∶4的SiC颗粒和纯Al粉末混合物制备成10%SiC_p/Al基复合材料(体积分数)。用金相显微镜、万能试验机、扫描电镜等分析2种粒径的Si C体积比对SiC_p/Al基复合材料显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,随扭转半径增大,各试样的SiC颗粒分布更加均匀,颗粒团聚、偏聚现象减少,其中小、大SiC颗粒体积比为1∶1的试样性能最优,伸长率、相对密度最高,分别达到14.3%和99.1%,拉伸断裂形式为塑性断裂。     

Processing,microstructure, and mechanical behavior of cast magnesium metal matrix composites

Magnesium metal matrix composites (MMCs) have been receiving attention in recent years as an attractive choice for aerospace and automotive applications because of their low density and superior specific properties. This article presents a liquid mixing and casting process that can be used to produce SiC particulate-reinforced magnesium metal matrix composites via conventional foundry processes. Microstructural features, such as SiC particle distribution, grain refinement, and particle/matrix interfacial reactions of the cast magnesium matrix composites, are investigated, and the effects of solidification-process parameters and matrix alloys (pure Mg and Mg-9 pct Al-1 pct Zn alloy AZ91) on the microstructure are established. The results of this work suggest that in the solidification processing of MMCs, it is important to optimize the process parameters both to avoid excessive interfacial reactions and simultaneously achieve wetting, so that a good particle distribution and interfacial bonding are obtained. The tensile properties, strain hardening, and fracture behavior of the AZ91/SiC composites are also studied and the results are compared with those of the unreinforced AZ91 alloy. The strengthening mechanisms for AZ91/SiC composite, based on the proposed SiC particle/matrix interaction during deformation, are used to explain the increased yield strength and elastic modulus of the composite over the magnesium matrix alloy. The low ductility found in the composites is due to the early appearance of localized damages, such as particle cracking, matrix cracking, and occasionally interface debonding, in the fracture process of the composite.     

混料时间和挤压对SiC增强纯Al基复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备SiC颗粒增强工业纯Al基复合材料,研究混料时间和挤压对复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究表明:机械混粉过程存在最佳的混料时间,混料时间为16 h时SiC颗粒分布均匀,复合材料的密度高、力学性能好。挤压可以改善复合材料的界面结合强度、减少孔洞的数量,从而提高材料的致密度和力学性能。烧结态复合材料的断裂机制以基体的脆性断裂以及增强相与基体的界面脱粘为主。挤压态复合材料的断裂以基体的韧性断裂以及SiC颗粒的脆性断裂为主,伴随着少量的基体与SiC颗粒的界面脱粘。     

Viscosity of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 melts containing SiC particles

The influence of SiC particle on viscosity of CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ melts was investigated by the rotating-cylinder method. It was found that temperature dependence of viscosity could be described by the Arrhenius law for systems with or without SiC particle addition. The activation energies of liquid–solid mixtures were mainly determined by liquid phase. Temperature had little influence on the relative viscosity (defined as the viscosity ratio of solid–liquid mixture to pure liquid). Viscosity and relative viscosity increased as decreasing rotation speed and increasing volume fraction of SiC solid particle. For the same volume fraction of SiC particle, relative viscosity was affected by the liquid slag compositions. The relative viscosity was smaller when composition of liquid slag had a larger CaO/SiO₂ ratio or MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio. Meanwhile, it was found that the smaller SiC particle will lead to a larger relative viscosity.     

Effect of overaging and particle size on tensile deformation and fracture of particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites

The effect of reinforcement particle size and overaging treatment on the tensile behavior and fracture morphology of a 2080/SiC/20 _p composite was investigated. Tensile behavior was profoundly influenced by particle size and matrix strength. The composite strength increased with a decrease in particle size, while overaging greatly reduced the strength of the composite, independent of particle size. Almost all particles on the fracture plane were fractured, and the amount of particle fracture in the composites was insensitive to overaging and particle size, due to the excellent bonding between SiC particles and the Al matrix. Fractography showed that void nucleation in the matrix of peak-aged composites took place primarily at very fine SiC particles, which were much smaller than the average SiC particle size. Subsequent failure took place by the tearing topography surface (TTS) mechanism. In the overaged composite, composites failed by a more conventional void nucleation and growth process, where void nucleation took place at coarsened S precipitate particles, resulting in smaller and more elongated voids.     

电弧等离子射流蒸发反应法制备碳化硅基超微粉

分析了SiC+C、SiC+Si等超微颗粒的形貌、粒度大小及分布和晶体结构。讨论了等离子弧电流I_T和I_J对超微粉粒度的影响。     

Ultrafine-grained W–Cu–SiC composites prepared by mechanical alloying and infiltration of copper into pre-sintered skeleton

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a combined processing method of mechanical alloying and infiltration was used to prepare the WCu-x wt-%SiC (x?=?0.5, 1, 2, 3) composites. The microstructure, density, electrical conductivity and compressive behaviour of the composites were studied comparatively. First a decreasing and then an increasing particle growth trend was obtained, indicating that a small content of SiC below 1 wt-% was beneficial for particle refinement. Besides this, with the increase of the SiC content, both the density and electrical conductivity decreased gradually. Consistent with the particle–particle contiguity of the highest value of 0.404, the WCu-1 wt-%SiC composite showed the best compressive properties. Further electron backscattering diffraction results revealed that the ultrafine-grained SiC particles, which are distributed homogeneously in the composite with lower Schmid factor values would perturb the dislocation motion to make proliferation of more dislocations, exhibiting unordinary strain-hardening during deformation.     

预热SHS制备SiC粉末的机理及工艺

对SHS合成SiC粉末的粒度及其影响因素进行了较深入的研究,发现SiC产物的粒度主要由碳粉的粒度决定,与硅粉的粒度无关,并在此基础上提出了Si+C的反应机理。在预热SHS工艺中采用预置引燃剂法,可以省去自蔓延反应设备中的点火装置,实现工业化连续炉生产。