火湿法冶金并用从工业废料中回收高铅锡青铜

用湿法冶金与火法冶金联合处理法回收符合ＤＩＮ１６１７技术规格的青铜合金是本研究的主要产品。湿法冶金浸出过程是采用过氧化氢氨溶液选择性溶解铜。铅和锡则在加热条件下用盐酸浸出。用冷却法沉出氯化铅，再用碳酸钠溶液将这样浸出的氯化铅转变为碳酸盐。用热还原法从浸出产品中回收铜，铅和锡金属。火法冶金处理包括在１１５０－１３００℃下用碳／碱性硼酸盐熔剂熔融，控制炉渣数量，给出影响回收效率的参数，如时间，温度，过     

湿法冶金中加压浸出过程的进展

湿法冶金所用的加压浸出属于高温加压条件下的水热反应过程，它可使反应过程加快和改善金属的提取．经过多年的发展，加压浸出技术已在工业上得到多方面的应用。近来发展的趋势是，加压浸出所处理的物料已从传统的矿石或精矿逐渐扩展到冶金或化工的各种中间产物，以及再生资源的综合利用等方面，充分显示出其在技术上和环保方面的优越性．本文对加压浸出技术在湿法冶金中的应用与进展情况进行简要的评述。     

浸出过程的理论基础及实践

浸出过程的理论基础及实践李洪桂（中南工业大学长沙４１００８３）第六讲浸出过程在有色冶金中的应用１碱性浸出１．１俄没法在有色冶金申应用简况碱浸出主要指用ＮａＯＨ或Ｎａ。ＣＯｓ浸出，在某些情况下的氨浸过程亦属于碱浸。碱浸出为有色冶金中应用较广的浸出方法之...     

湿法合金中加压浸出过程的进展

湿法冶金所用的加压浸出属于高温加压条件下的水热反主尖过程，它可使反应过程加快和改善金属的提取，经过多年的发展，加压浸出技术已在工业上得到多方面的应用，近来发展的趋势是，加压浸出所处理的物料已从传统的矿石或精矿逐渐扩展到冶金或化工的各种中间产物，以及再生资源的综合利用等方面，充分显示出其在技术上和环保方面的优越性，本文对加压浸出技术在湿法冶金中的应用与进展情况进行简要的评述。     

微生物强化浸出及微波技术在黄铜矿冶金中的应用

为了提高黄铜矿的浸出率，可以施加许多微生物强化浸出方法。本文论述了微波技术在矿物处理和冶金过程中应用的现状及其在提升冶金效率方面的巨大潜力。指出了微生物湿法冶金的发展方向。     

超声波对浸出过程的影响

论述了湿法冶金过程中常见的三种浸出情况，并对超声波用于硫酸浸出氧化铜的过程进行了探讨，结果表明，通过超声波作用，可明显改善浸出过程。     

黄铜矿的湿法冶金工艺研究进展

介绍了黄铜矿湿法冶金的最新进展及工艺特性，探讨了黄铜矿湿法冶金的发展前景。Dynatec加煤粉流程和CESL二段浸出流程很好地解决了中温压力氧化酸浸过程中单质硫的影响，对材质的耐腐蚀性要求低，在低能耗下获得了高的浸出效果，对于主要分布于黄铜矿中的含金铜精矿，可获得很高的金回收率。Intec和Hydro Copper工艺在常压低温氯化介质中很好地浸出黄铜矿精矿，并能同时回收伴生的贵金属．生产的中间产品铜粉可直接加工高附加值产品，能耗低，回收率高，是复杂铜精矿湿法冶金的途径．Geocoat工艺的诞生使得高品位黄铜矿精矿大规模高温细菌氧化浸出成为现实，它克服了细菌浸出对设备要求高的缺点，利用堆浸的优势，以低的运行成本获取高的黄铜矿浸出率。     

湿法冶金处理氧化镍矿的现状

本概述了湿法冶金处理氧化镍钴矿石的现状，详细叙述了加压浸出的基本规律及澳大利亚三个采用加压浸出技术开发项目的运营情况，指出了湿法冶金处理氧化镍矿工艺中出现的问题及解决办法。     

国外铁锰结核处理工艺的现状和基本方向

铁锰结核湿法冶金加工处理方法湿法冶金是基于在酸性或碱性介质中从锰结核浸出金属。浸出与萃取相结合的所谓萃取冶金的过程占有特殊地位。采用硫酸、盐酸、亚硫酸、氟氢酸、氨和氢氧化钠作为浸出剂,还有许多各种不同的过程与条件,这些条件有     

浸出过程的理论基础及实践

8 浸出过程的强化 浸出过程的速度对冶金过程有很大的意义。提高浸出速度,则在一定的浸出时间内能保证得到更高的浸出率,或在保证一定的浸出率的情况下,能缩短浸出时间或减少浸出剂的用量。因此研究浸出过程的强化为当前冶金的重要课题之一。 为强化浸出过程,其途径之一是找出过程的控制步骤,针对其控制步骤,采取适当的措施。例如当过程属化学反应控制,则适     

从大洋多金属结核氨浸液中萃取分离铜,镍,钴

用ＬＩＸ８４的煤油溶液作萃取剂，从大洋多金属结核的催化还原氨浸溶液中选择性共萃铜和镍，而钴等留在萃余液中，然后选择反萃镍和铜，再生有机相循环使用，铜和镍溶液可用电积回收铜和镍。本工艺只需一种萃取剂便可有效地将铜、镍、钴三者彼此分离，操作简便，可用于处理大洋多金属结核或其它含铜、镍、钴的复杂矿     

Processing of nickel- and cobalt-containing leach liquors obtained from different raw materials

Acidic as well as ammoniacal leach liquors obtained from three different raw materials, namely, lateritic nickel ores, copper converter slag and Indian Ocean manganese nodules, were treated for removal of impurities and separation of copper, nickel and cobalt. Precipitation and solvent extraction techniques were used for these purposes. Iron and silica impurities from acidic solutions were removed by lime precipitation. In ammoniacal medium, iron was coprecipitated with manganese. Manganese was removed as manganese dioxide by oxidative precipitation from both media; this removal also results in some loss of cobalt due to its adsorption on the manganese dioxide matrix. From sulphate solutions, copper was extracted using LIX 64N^®1 followed by nickel-cobalt coextraction using di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA). From the loaded solvent, nickel and cobalt were separated by the crowding technique. From ammoniacal solution, both copper and nickel were coextracted with LIX 64N and separated by selective stripping from the loaded organic phase. Cobalt was recovered either by sulphide precipitation or by adsorption on lignite followed by desorption with sulphuric acid/spent electrolyte.     

The treatment of lateritic nickel ores — a further study of the caron process and other possible improvements. Part I. Effect of reduction conditions

An investigation of the reduction roast and ammonia leach method of treating lateritic nickel ore (Caron process) is reported. The effect of the CO₂/CO and H₂O/H₂ couples, both separately and in combination, upon the extraction of nickel from both serpentinic and limonitic ores has been studied as a function of reduction time and temperature, gas composition and particle size.In Part I leaching was carried out with ammoniacal liquors and the influence of aeration and reduction conditions upon the formation of ferric hydroxide which absorbs nickel from the leach liquor was studied. It was found that effective reduction required a minimum partial pressure of p_H2 or p_CO of at least 0.15 atm regardless of the type of ore; Partial pressures of reductant above 0.2 atm did not affect the reduction materially. Both the CO₂/CO and H₂O/H₂ couples could be used for selective reduction, but mixtures of the two were less effective than the reductants on their own. The presence of water vapour in the reducing gas appeared to have a deleterious effect upon nickel extraction.In Part II the effect of different leaching agents is reported.     

Editor's Introduction

This paper reviews the state of the art in processing and extraction of ocean floor manganese nodules. It briefly reviews the mining sites where the abundant rich nodules occur and also discusses the metal distribution in nodules in view of economical processing and extraction of these metal values.

The paper discloses in a detailed manner the physical and chemical characteristics of nodules, including porosity, surface area, water content and the effect of temperature on crystal structure of major constituents of nodules.

In the extraction aspect of nodules, the paper reviews two different extraction schemes revealed in the literature, namely hydrometallurgical treatment and pyrometallurgical treatment. The hydrometallurgical treatments include acid leaching, ammonia leaching, leaching with reducing agents and leaching after high temperature pre-treatments such as in sulfating rousting, while the pyrometallurgical processes include smelting, chlorination-vaporization and segregation. The paper also covers metal recovery processes from leach liquor.

An economic survey of processing nodules has been made in terms of problems associated with metal-marketing, and impact of metal production from nodules on mineral industries.     

Effect of sulfides on gold dissolution in ammoniacal thiosulfate medium

To understand how various sulfide minerals affect the dissolution behavior of gold in the ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching system, an extensive study has been carried out on gold leaching in the presence of sulfides using pure gold plates. Special emphasis has been placed on gold leaching in association with sulfide dissolution, thiosulfate decomposition, and dissolved oxygen depletion in leach solutions. The results demonstrated that the leaching behavior of gold depended strongly on the solubilities of the sulfides, the thiosulfate decomposition, and the oxygen concentration in slurries. Gold dissolution was enhanced or diminished, depending on the sulfide types and the sulfide concentrations in slurries. An increase in the stirring speed accelerated the gold dissolution rates due to the improved mass transfer occurring in the gold leaching process and the increased dissolved oxygen content in leach solutions. The addition of sulfate in the sulfide slurries increased the gold leaching rates because of the depression of the sulfide dissolution in the leaching systems. Topological studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the existence of passivating layers at the leached gold surfaces could result in the retardation of gold dissolution in the presence of sulfide minerals. An erratum to this article is available at .     

液相氧化法从海底锰结核中浸出锰

开发了液相氧化法处理海底锰结核的工艺，并对结核中锰的浸出进行了研究。初步实验结果表明：该工艺在技术上是可行的，在一定温度、空气流量及碱矿比条件下，锰结核中的锰大部分能被从结核中浸出。通过对结核中锰浸出率的各影响因素的考察，提出了液相氧化法从海底锰结核中提取锰的适宜工艺条件。该工艺不仅适用于浸出海底锰结核，还可应用于陆地相似金属矿的处理。     

Extraction of Zinc‐Cobalt from Sulphate Solution of Cobalt Cake by D2EHPA in the Processing of Indian Ocean Nodules

During the processing of Indian ocean nodules, cobalt cake containing zinc in equal proportion is produced. In order to get pure cobalt and zinc from the sulphate leach solution of cake, a solvent extraction process has been considered using an organic extractant, di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). Separation of cobalt and zinc has been carried out by mixing aqueous and organic phases in a rectangular vessel and separating the phases after equilibration in a glass funnel. The analysis of the metal from the aqueous phase was made by atomic absorption spectrometer to compute the metal transfer. The extraction and separation studies carried out under the different operating conditions indicated favourable zinc extraction at the lower pH (~ 2) with partially saponified D2EHPA. The small amount of cobalt co‐extracted with zinc was scrubbed with dilute sulphuric acid. With completely saponified D2EHPA, a high degree of cobalt extraction (99.8%) was achieved at aqueous feed pH of 5.0. The flow sheet developed could be used for the selective extraction and separation of zinc and cobalt from the leach liquor of cobalt cake.     

菲律宾某红土矿两段酸浸研究

研究了一段高酸—二段中和两段联合浸出红土矿新工艺。结果表明,该红土矿经人工分级后,细粒级矿石在温度95℃、反应时间6 h、初始矿浆浓度32%、酸矿比1.05的条件下,镍、钴一段高酸浸出率分别为97.39%、94.14%;一段浸出后矿浆与粗粒级矿石矿浆混合后在温度95℃、反应时间15 h、粗细粒级矿石质量比1.34的条件下,镍、钴二段中和浸出率分别为82.04%、93.35%,浸出后液含铁浓度小于2 g/L。     

曼托维蒂堆浸-溶剂萃取-电积厂的工艺改进

曼托维蒂（Mantoverde）是一家堆浸-溶剂萃取-电积厂，投产于1995年12月份，每年产铜42130t．矿石处理量540万t。该厂铜产量稳步增长，已于2002年达到57290t。预计到2003年可处理铜矿石850万t，产铜60000t。该厂已经对堆浸工艺实施了一些改进。主要工艺改进有矿堆高度、废石粒度、冲洗率和浸出周期，另外改善了矿堆排水设计和溶液管理系统。第一次废石堆浸操作开始于1999年，铜产量为1922t。第二次废石堆浸操作开始于2002年初，铜产量为2805t。铜的废石堆浸产量将随着时间增加到24000t。本文详述了矿石堆浸工艺较之原工厂设计所做的主要改进以及主要的废石堆浸操作参数。     

曼托维蒂堆浸-溶剂萃取-电积厂的工艺改进

曼托维蒂(Mantoverde)是一家堆浸-溶剂萃取-电积厂,投产于1995年12月份,每年产铜42 130t,矿石处理量540万t.该厂铜产量稳步增长,已于2002年达到57 290t.预计到2003年可处理铜矿石850万t,产铜60 000t.该厂已经对堆浸工艺实施了一些改进.主要工艺改进有矿堆高度、废石粒度、冲洗率和浸出周期,另外改善了矿堆排水设计和溶液管理系统.第一次废石堆浸操作开始于1999年,铜产量为1 922t.第二次废石堆浸操作开始于2002年初,铜产量为2 805 t.铜的废石堆浸产量将随着时间增加到24000t.本文详述了矿石堆浸工艺较之原工厂设计所做的主要改进以及主要的废石堆浸操作参数.