InAsP/InGaAsP/InP应变材料的二维倒空间衍射研究

采用X射线衍射三轴二维倒空间衍射图研究了InP(100)衬底上分子束外延生长的压应变InAsP材料和张应变InGaAsP材料.实验测定了两种材料的(004)面、(224)面的倒空间衍射图,得到了处于部分弛豫状态的InGaAsP在不同方向呈现不同的应变状态.排除了外延层倾斜及应变对确定失配度的影响,准确计算得到InAsP外延层体失配度为1.446%,InGaAsP外延层体失配度为-0.5849%,并且生长了高质量的应变补偿8阱多量子阱.     

InAsP/InGaAsP/InP应变材料的二维倒空间衍射研究

采用X射线衍射三轴二维倒空间衍射图研究了InP(100)衬底上分子束外延生长的压应变InAsP材料和张应变InGaAsP材料. 实验测定了两种材料的（004）面、(224）面的倒空间衍射图，得到了处于部分弛豫状态的InGaAsP在不同方向呈现不同的应变状态. 排除了外延层倾斜及应变对确定失配度的影响，准确计算得到InAsP外延层体失配度为1.446%, InGaAsP外延层体失配度为-0.5849%，并且生长了高质量的应变补偿8阱多量子阱.     

干法刻蚀对InAsP/InGaAsP应变多量子阱发光特性的影响

采用气态源分子束外延(GSMBE)生长了具有不同阱宽的InAsP/InGaAsP应变多量子阱,并对干法刻蚀前、干法刻蚀及湿法腐蚀不同厚度覆盖层后的多量子阱光致发光(PL)谱进行了表征.测量发现干法刻蚀量子阱覆盖层一定厚度后量子阱光致发光强度得到了明显的增强.这与干法刻蚀后量子阱覆盖层表面粗糙度变化及量子阱内部微结构变化有关.     

干法刻蚀对InAsP/InGaAsP应变多量子阱发光特性的影响

采用气态源分子束外延(GSMBE)生长了具有不同阱宽的InAsP/InGaAsP应变多量子阱,并对干法刻蚀前、干法刻蚀及湿法腐蚀不同厚度覆盖层后的多量子阱光致发光(PL)谱进行了表征.测量发现干法刻蚀量子阱覆盖层一定厚度后量子阱光致发光强度得到了明显的增强.这与干法刻蚀后量子阱覆盖层表面粗糙度变化及量子阱内部微结构变化有关.     

In_xGa_(1-x)As_yP_(1-y)/InP异质结的X射线衍射研究

本文采用X射线衍射方法测定了在(001)取向的InP衬底上,用LPE法生长的InGaAsP外延层晶格完整性和应变状态,给出了InGaAsP/InP异质结X射线回摆曲线测量方法和测量结果,提出了用普通X射线衍射仪测量外延层晶格失配在实验方法上的改进,从而提供了在没有双晶衍射仪情况下,测量外延层晶格失配的可行途径。     

1.31μm垂直腔面发射激光器材料生长及其物理特性

采用气态源分子束外延(GSMBE)技术在InP衬底上生长发光波长为1.31μm的InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱和在GaAs衬底上生长GaAs/AlGaAs分布布拉格反射镜(DBR),并用直接键合技术将生长在InP基上的InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱结构组装到GaAs衬底上生长的DBR结构上,对其微结构和发光等特性进行了比较系统的研究.发现500～620℃的高温键合过程和后续的剥离工艺不仅没有引起量子阱发光效率的降低,反而由于键合过程中的退火改进了晶体质量,大大提高了量子阱的发光强度,其中620℃退火处理后的光致发光强度是原生样品的3倍.     

1.31μm垂直腔面发射激光器材料生长及其物理特性

采用气态源分子束外延(GSMBE)技术在InP衬底上生长发光波长为1.31μm的InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱和在GaAs衬底上生长GaAs/AlGaAs分布布拉格反射镜(DBR),并用直接键合技术将生长在InP基上的InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱结构组装到GaAs衬底上生长的DBR结构上,对其微结构和发光等特性进行了比较系统的研究.发现500～620℃的高温键合过程和后续的剥离工艺不仅没有引起量子阱发光效率的降低,反而由于键合过程中的退火改进了晶体质量,大大提高了量子阱的发光强度,其中620℃退火处理后的光致发光强度是原生样品的3倍.     

键合方法研制InAsP/InGaAsP量子阱1.3μm垂直腔面发射激光器

设计并研制了由InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱有源层、SiO2/TiO2介质薄膜和GaAs/Al(Ga)As半导体分布布拉格反射镜(DBR)构成的垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL).采用直接键合技术实现InP基有源层与GaAs基DBR的晶片融合,并经过侧向湿法腐蚀定义电流限制孔径和沉积介质薄膜DBR等关键器件工艺,研制出InAsP/InGaAsP量子阱垂直腔面发射激光器,其阈值电流为13.5mA,单模激射波长为1288.6nm.     

应变硅结构的高分辨X射线衍射及其图谱分析

运用高分辨X射线双晶衍射(DCD)、三轴晶衍射(TAD)和TAD图谱对绝缘体上Si/SiGe/Si异质结构进行表征.利用TAD结合DCD(TAD-DCD)对称和非对称衍射测定了体Si衬底和外延层以及外延层之间的取向关系、SiGe外延层的Ge含量及其弛豫度等异质外延生长的重要参数.TAD倒易空间图谱能够给出全面的晶体结构信息.高分辨率TAD倒易空间图谱可实现对应变Si层应变量的测定.     

应变硅结构的高分辨X射线衍射及其图谱分析

运用高分辨X射线双晶衍射(DCD)、三轴晶衍射(TAD)和TAD图谱对绝缘体上Si/SiGe/Si异质结构进行表征.利用TAD结合DCD(TAD-DCD)对称和非对称衍射测定了体Si衬底和外延层以及外延层之间的取向关系、SiGe外延层的Ge含量及其弛豫度等异质外延生长的重要参数.TAD倒易空间图谱能够给出全面的晶体结构信息.高分辨率TAD倒易空间图谱可实现对应变Si层应变量的测定.     

Performance improvement in tensile-strained In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As metamorphic HEMT

This paper proposes a In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As (x=0.3-0.5-0.3) metamorphic high-electron mobility transistor with tensile-strained channel. The tensile-strained channel structure exhibits significant improvements in dc and RF characteristics, including extrinsic transconductance, current driving capability, thermal stability, unity-gain cutoff frequency, maximum oscillation frequency, output power, power gain, and power added efficiency.     

Very low-noise Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/Ga/sub 0.65/In/sub 0.35/As/GaAs single quantum-well pseudomorphic HEMTs

AlGaAs/GaInAs/GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs with an InAs mole fraction as high as 35% in the channel has been successfully fabricated. The device exhibits a maximum extrinsic transconductance of 700 mS/mm. At 18 GHz, a minimum noise figure of 0.55 dB with 15.0 dB associated gain was measured. At 60 GHz, a minimum noise figure as low as 1.6 dB with 7.6 dB associated gain was also obtained. This is the best noise performance yet reported for GaAs-based HEMTs.<>     

A 12 /spl times/ 12 In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiode array

We report a 12 /spl times/ 12 In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiode (APD) array. The mean breakdown voltage of the APD was 57.9 V and the standard deviation was less than 0.1 V. The mean dark current was /spl sim/2 and /spl sim/300 nA, and the standard deviation was /spl sim/0.19 and /spl sim/60 nA at unity gain (V/sub bias/ = 13.5 V) and at 90% of the breakdown voltage, respectively. External quantum efficiency was above 40% in the wavelength range from 1.0 to 1.6 /spl mu/m. It was /spl sim/57% and /spl sim/45% at 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m, respectively. A bandwidth of 13 GHz was achieved at low gain.     

Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (0/spl les/x/spl les/0.25) doped-channel field-effect transistors (DCFET's)

The properties of both lattice-matched and strained doped-channel field-effect transistors (DCFET's) have been investigated in AlGaAs/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (0/spl les/x/spl les/0.25) heterostructures with various indium mole fractions. Through electrical characterization of grown layers in conjunction with the dc and microwave device characteristics, we observed that the introduction of a 150-/spl Aring/ thick strained In/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/As channel can enhance device performance, compared to the lattice-matched one. However, a degradation of device performance was observed for larger indium mole fractions, up to x=0.25, which is associated with strain relaxation in this highly strained channel. DCFET's also preserved a more reliable performance after biased-stress testings.<>     

Morphological and electrical characterization of SixCryCzBv thin films

Si_xCr_yC_zB_v thin films with several compositions have been studied for integration of high precision resistors in 0.8 μm BICMOS technology. These resistors, integrated in the back-end of line, have the advantage to provide high level of integration and attractive electrical behavior in temperature, for analog devices. The film morphology and the structure have been investigated through transmission electron microscopy analysis and have been then related to the electrical properties on the base of the percolation theory. According to this theory, and in agreement with experimental results, negative thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR) has been obtained for samples with low Cr content, corresponding to a crystalline volume fraction below the percolation threshold.Samples with higher Cr content exhibit, instead, a variation of the TCR as a function of film thickness: negative TCR values are obtained for thickness lower than 5 nm, corresponding to a crystalline volume fraction below the percolation threshold; positive TCR are obtained for larger thickness, indicating the establishment of a continuous conductive path between the Cr rich grains. This property seems to be determinant in order to assure the possibility to obtain thin film resistors almost independent on the temperature.     

Highly linear Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/N-Al/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N-GaN composite-channel HEMTs

We report an Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/N-Al/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N-GaN composite-channel HEMT with enhanced linearity. By engineering the channel region, i.e., inserting a 6-nm-thick AlGaN layer with 5% Al composition in the channel region, a composite-channel HEMT was demonstrated. Transconductance and cutoff frequencies of a 1 /spl times/100 /spl mu/m HEMT are kept near their peak values throughout the low- and high-current operating levels, a desirable feature for linear power amplifiers. The composite-channel HEMT exhibits a peak transconductance of 150 mS/mm, a peak current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 12 GHz and a peak power gain cutoff frequency (f/sub max/) of 30 GHz. For devices grown on sapphire substrate, maximum power density of 3.38 W/mm, power-added efficiency of 45% are obtained at 2 GHz. The output third-order intercept point (OIP3) is 33.2 dBm from two-tone measurement at 2 GHz.     

Comparison between Pt/TiO2/Pt and Pt/TaOX/TaOY/Pt based bipolar resistive switching devices

Nonvolatile memories have emerged in recent years and have become a leading candidate towards replacing dynamic and static random-access memory devices. In this article, the performances of TiO₂ and TaO₂ nonvolatile memristive devices were compared and the factors that make TaO₂ memristive devices better than TiO₂ memristive devices were studied. TaO₂ memristive devices have shown better endurance performances (10⁸ times more switching cycles) and faster switching speed (5 times) than TiO₂ memristive devices. Electroforming of TaO₂ memristive devices requires~4.5 times less energy than TiO₂ memristive devices of a similar size. The retention period of TaO₂ memristive devices is expected to exceed 10 years with sufficient experimental evidence. In addition to comparing device performances, this article also explains the differences in physical device structure, switching mechanism, and resistance switching performances of TiO₂ and TaO₂ memristive devices. This article summarizes the reasons that give TaO₂ memristive devices the advantage over TiO₂ memristive devices, in terms of electroformation, switching speed, and endurance.     

Electrooptic ferroelectric Na/sub 0.5/K/sub 0.5/NbO/sub 3/ films

We report on waveguiding and electrooptic properties of epitaxial Na/sub 0.5/K/sub 0.5/NbO/sub 3/ films grown by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/(11_02) single crystal substrates. High optical waveguiding performance has been demonstrated in infrared and visible light. The in-plane electrooptic effect has been recorded in transmission using a transverse geometry. At dc fields, the effective linear electrooptic coefficient was determined to 28 pm/V, which is promising for modulator applications.     

Broadband microwave noise characteristics of high-linearity composite-channel Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/N/Al/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N/GaN HEMTs

We report broadband microwave noise characteristics of a high-linearity composite-channel HEMT (CC-HEMT). Owing to the novel composite-channel design, the CC-HEMT exhibits high gain and high linearity such as an output third-order intercept point (OIP3) of 33.2 dBm at 2 GHz. The CC-HEMT also exhibits excellent microwave noise performance. For 1-/spl mu/m gate-length devices, a minimum noise figure (NF/sub min/) of 0.7 dB and an associated gain (G/sub a/) of 19 dB were observed at 1 GHz, and an (NF/sub mi/) of 3.3 dB and a G/sub a/ of 10.8 dB were observed at 10 GHz. The dependence of the noise characteristics on the physical design parameters, such as the gate-source and gate-drain spacing, is also presented.