316L、317L的MIM注射成形生坯件溶剂脱脂工艺研究

介绍了316L、317L两种不锈钢MIM生坯溶剂脱脂过程中溶剂种类、溶剂温度、工件厚度、钢粉的粒度及形貌对溶剂脱脂过程的影响。结果表明：选择正己烷作溶剂，控制溶剂温度37℃可以避免溶剂脱脂过程中工件开裂、鼓泡问题，而且能减少对环境的污染，给操作者提供更好的劳动条件；溶剂脱脂早期大粒度球形钢粉的生坯要比小粒度不规则形状钢粉的生坯脱脂速度快，但后期小粒度不规则形状钢粉的生坯脱脂较大粒度球形钢粉的生坯速度快。     

添加金属粉末对粉末冶金316L不锈钢性能的影响

研究了分别添加20％（质量分数）铜粉、锡粉，铝粉对粉末冶金3161，不锈钢性能的影响。在烧结温度为1100℃、烧结气氛为分解氨的条件下，对烧结材料的硬度、密度和显微组织进行了检测和分析。结果表明：添加20％铝粉可显著提高不锈钢粉末的压制性，但铝粉会与不锈钢基体发生强烈的化学反应，生成Fe2Al，恶化材料的性能；添加20％锡粉可显著提高材料的硬度；添加20％铜粉对材料的硬度影响不大。添加大量低熔点金属粉末的液相烧结不能显著提高材料的密度。     

MlM316L不锈钢致密化和尺寸精度的研究

在Ar,Ar+H_2,N_2,N_2+H_2和低真空5种气氛下对MIM316L不锈钢进行了烧结,讨论了烧结气氛对合金致密化和力学性能的影响;得出烧结气氛的露点显著影响合金的致密化和最终力学性能;烧结气氛中的H_2可以脱去合金中的碳来影响致密化和力学性能;尺寸精度受注射、脱脂和烧结工序的影响;在采用溶剂脱脂时,3个工序对尺寸精度的影响由大至小依次为烧结、注射和脱脂。在不同气氛下,3个工序对尺寸精度的影响相对稳定。     

选区激光熔化工艺参数对气雾化 316L不锈钢粉末成形制品性能的影响

本研究系统考察了激光功率和扫描速度对316L不锈钢粉末选区激光熔化工艺成形熔道、制品微观组织及力学性能的影响,并分析了各类缺陷的形成原因。研究结果表明:在低激光功率和高扫描速度条件下,熔道中出现了大量球状颗粒,这些颗粒之间的空隙恶化了下一层粉末的熔化条件,这正是成形制品中熔道分布混乱以及孔洞、裂纹产生的根本原因,进而导致成形制品力学性能降低;在高激光功率和低扫描速度条件下,熔池快速升温/冷却的热应力作用增强,使得成形制品的熔道交界处也存在孔洞和裂纹等缺陷。在本研究实验条件下,激光功率为350 W,扫描速度为1750 mm/s时,SLM成形制品的力学性能最为优异,其中抗拉强度为731 MPa、屈服强度为638 MPa、断后伸长率为40.0%,致密度为96.27%。     

充分利用国内外再生资源加快有色金属工业的发展

文章阐述了在未来的工业化进程中,有色金属资源对满足国民经济发展的需要存在巨大差距,除必须加快国内找矿勘探和更大幅度地利用国外资源外,还需充分利用国内外再生资源,并对如何加快发展再生金属工业提出了几点建议。     

酰基化强碱性离子交换纤维制备及其对金属氰络合物吸附性能研究

氰化提金工艺产生的含氰废水中多含有金属氰络离子,其会消耗额外的氰化物,进而影响生产工艺指标.研究以聚丙烯纤维为基体,制备了酰基化强碱性离子交换纤维(ASA-IEF),并考察了其对废水中金属氰络离子的去除性能.ASA-IEF的最优制备条件为反应时间4 h、反应温度30℃、三氯乙酰氯与苯乙烯摩尔比1:1.2.在此条件下,纤...     

生物吸附法分离废水中重金属离子的研究进展

生物吸附法用于去除和回收废水中重金属离子具有其它传统处理方法不可比拟的优势,有着广泛的发展前景。文章就近年来生物吸附重金属离子的常用生物吸附剂、吸附机理以及在废水处理中应用现状进行了综述。引用文献60篇。     

碱添加量对金属离子的分布和pH变化的影响

提出了一种计算公式,定量地计算了既有氢氧化物沉淀又有氢氧配离子形成的化学反应体系中的金属离子的分布,考察了影响沉淀和配离子形成的各种因素.基于提出的公式,计算了锌、镉、铜、镍、铁(Ⅲ)、铁(Ⅱ)、铝、钙、镁的沉淀率,理论计算与实验结果一致.     

粉末粒径和压制压力对316L不锈钢多孔材料结构特性的影响

以气雾化316L不锈钢球形粉末为原料,通过压制、烧结工艺制备多孔过滤材料。在烧结温度、保温时间等其他制备工艺参数一定的情况下,着重分析粉末粒径、压制压力对多孔材料孔隙度、最大孔径和透过性能的影响规律,建立其相互关系方程。结果表明:多孔材料孔隙度主要受压制压力的影响,随压制压力的增大而减小,孔隙度的1.9倍与压制压力的平方根呈指数关系。相比于压制压力,多孔材料的最大孔径主要受粉末粒径的影响,随粉末粒径的增大而增大,两者之间呈线性关系;多孔材料的相对透气系数受粉末粒径和孔隙度的共同影响。在孔隙度一定的情况下,相对透气系数与粉末粒径的平方呈线性关系。     

烧结工艺对316L不锈钢组织与性能的影响

通过研究烧结气氛和烧结温度对冷等静压态316L不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响,探究了烧结的致密化过程,并初步分析了挤压之后不锈钢的组织与性能。发现真空条件下获得的力学性能均比Ar气氛下烧结的好;在N2气氛烧结的不锈钢抗拉强度为803.5 MPa,屈服强度为407.2 MPa,但是断后延伸率仅为33.7%。在真空气氛下进行烧结,随温度的升高,孔隙率下降、孔隙尺寸减小并发生球化;通过对比烧结温度的影响,得出在1 380℃进行烧结获得的力学性能最好,抗拉强度为578.4 MPa,断后伸长率为52.0%,并且晶粒比较细小。经过挤压处理,不锈钢晶粒进一步细化,抗拉强度为675.6 MPa,屈服强度为305.4 MPa,断后伸长率为45.6%。     

气雾化压力对3D打印用316L不锈钢粉末性能的影响

采用真空熔炼气雾化工艺制备3D打印用316L不锈钢粉末,通过调整雾化参数,研究了不同雾化压力对粉末化学成分、粒度分布、球形度、表面形貌、流动性及松装密度等特性的影响。结果表明:在保温温度(1560±20)℃、保温时间20 min、漏包温度(1050±30)℃、高纯氮气雾化及雾化压力3.0 MPa工艺参数下,制备得到的粉末性能可达到氧含量(质量分数)0.08%、中位径31.39μm、球形度0.75、流动性21.56 g/(50 s)及松装密度3.88 g/cm~3,基本满足不同金属3D打印技术对粉末材料性能的要求。     

Water atomisation of metal powders: effect of water spray configuration

ABSTRACT

We consider the effect of water spray configuration on the fineness and uniformity of a metal powder produced by water atomization of a melt stream. The effects of water spray travel distance, nozzle design, water pressure, melt superheat, and apex angle on the particle size distribution of a metal powder is studied via a laboratory-scale water atomizer; the main focus is on the first two, which are usually fixed parameters of the atomizer. Correlations are proposed relating the mass median size and standard deviation of the powder to the parameters cited. Similar correlations for water pressure, melt superheat, and apex angle have been reported elsewhere; we present data on these effects to confirm the validity of our results, especially as Bi-42%Sn powder has not been studied before. What is new are results on the effect of water spray travel distance and nozzle design on the mass median size and standard deviation of powder.     

Interface formation and diffusion of alloying elements during cosintering of MIM 316L/17-4PH stainless steel parts: experiments and simulation

Abstract

Interface investigations of cosintered parts produced via two component metal injection moulding (2CMIM) require a high demand of experiments. To reduce the experimental time and effort, the commercial simulation software DICTRA–Thermo-Calc was used to predict the interface formation. In this work, the material combination 316L/17-4PH is examined at different sintering temperatures: 1270 and 1360°C, and three holding times: 1, 2 and 4 h at 1360°C. Micrographs, energy dispersive X-ray/scanning electron microscopy linescans and simulations showed the evolution of the interfaces for different conditions. The broadest diffusion layer was obtained at 1360°C for 4 h. At an elevated temperature, the interdiffusion provoked the formation of a rich ferrite region close to the interface in the 17-4PH, which was increased for longer holding times. The simulation was able to predict the same tendencies obtained by experimental results.     

金属矿山开发效果综合评价研究

影响金属矿山开发效果的因素可归纳为资源、技术、环境和经济效益4个方面。运用系统工程层次分析法的原理,建立了金属矿山开发效果综合评价的指标体系和综合评价模型,包括4项一级指标和33项二级指标,实现了影响因素的定量化,为金属矿山开发决策提供依据。以紫金山金铜矿为例进行分析和应用,其评价结果为开发效果较高,进一步验证了该评价指标体系和评价模型的适用性和可靠性。     

The interactive effect of chronic exposure to noise and job complexity on changes in blood pressure and job satisfaction: A longitudinal study of industrial employees.

The hypothesis of this study was that noise exposure level and job complexity interact to affect changes in blood pressure (BP) levels and job satisfaction over 2–4 yrs of follow-up. Results showed that among workers exposed to high noise, those with complex jobs showed increases in BP that were more than double shown by those with simple jobs. Under low noise exposure, there was a small increase in BP for workers with complex jobs but about a 3-fold increase in workers with simple jobs. The prevalence of elevated BP showed a similar trend. Job satisfaction increased among workers with complex jobs but was much less in those exposed to high noise. It was concluded that exposure to occupational noise has a greater negative impact on changes in BP and job satisfaction over time among those performing complex jobs. In contrast, job complexity had a clear beneficial effect for workers exposed to low noise. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)