Influence of rare earth metals on the characteristics of anodic oxide films on aluminium and their dissolution behaviour in NaOH solution

The characteristics of oxide films on Al and Al1R alloys (R = rare earth metal = Ce, Y) galvanostatically formed (at a current density of 100 μA cm⁻²) in borate buffer solution (0.5 M H₃BO₃ + 0.05 M Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O; pH = 7.8) were investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. EIS spectra were interpreted in terms of an “equivalent circuit” that completely illustrate the Al(Al1R alloy)/oxide film/electrolyte systems examined. The resistance of the oxide films was found to increase on passing from Al to Al1R alloys while the capacitance showed an opposite trend. The stability of the anodic oxide films grown in the borate buffer solution on Al and Al1R alloys was investigated by simultaneously measuring the electrode capacitance and resistance at a working frequency of 1 kHz as a function of exposure over a period of time to naturally aerated 0.01 M NaOH solution. Analyses of the electrode capacitance and resistance values indicated a decrease in chemical dissolution rate of the oxide films on passing from Al to Al1R alloys.     

粉土pH对X70钢早期电化学腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学阻抗(EIS)、极化曲线和扫描电子显微镜观察(SEM)等方法,通过室内模拟试验研究了X70钢在不同pH粉土中的早期电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明:X70钢在酸性(H_2SO_4)、碱性(NaOH)以及中性粉土中的腐蚀差异较明显。在模拟酸性粉土中,X70钢在pH为5的粉土中腐蚀龄期达21d时的自腐蚀电位明显高于在其他环境中的,且X70钢的腐蚀速率随着pH的增大(4~5),呈现出降低的趋势。在模拟碱性粉土中,液相介质中的OH-对X70钢的腐蚀行为有较大的影响,且X70钢的腐蚀速率随着pH的增大(9~11),呈现出升高的趋势。     

Effect of the aluminium content and the bias voltage on the microstructure formation in Ti1 − xAlxN protective coatings grown by cathodic arc evaporation

The effect of aluminium contents and bias voltage on the microstructure of cathodic arc evaporated Ti_1 − xAl_xN coatings was investigated with the aid of X-ray diffraction experiments and transmission electron microscopy. The coatings were deposited from mixed Ti-Al targets with different Ti:Al ratios (60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 33:67) at bias voltages ranging between − 20 V and − 120 V. The microstructure of the coatings was described in terms of the phase composition, crystallite size and residual stress and related to the indentation hardness. The microstructure features were found to be related to the uniformity of the local distribution of Ti and Al in (Ti,Al)N, which was controlled, for a certain overall chemical composition of the coatings, by the bias voltage. The consequences of large local fluctuations of the Ti and Al concentrations in Ti_1 − xAl_xN that occurred at higher bias voltages were the phase segregation, which was indicated through the formation of the fcc-(Ti,Al)N/fcc-AlN nanocomposites and the increase of the compressive residual stress in the face-centred cubic (Ti,Al)N. Concurrently, the increasing bias voltage contributed significantly to the reduction of the crystallite size. Higher residual stress and smaller crystallite size increased the hardness of the coatings. The overall chemical composition of the coatings influenced mainly their phase composition. The high concentration of Al in (Ti,Al)N led to the formation of wurtzitic AlN in the coatings.