一种适用于传感器信号检测的斩波运算放大器

提出一种适合传感器微弱信号检测应用的全差分低噪声、低失调斩波运算放大器。采用两级折叠共源共栅运放结构,基于斩波稳定及动态元件匹配技术,通过在运放低阻节点的电流通路上添加斩波开关的设计方式,增加了运放的输入信号带宽和输出电压摆幅。芯片采用TSMC 0.18μm 1P6MCMOS工艺实现。测试结果表明,在1.8V电源电压,25kHz输入信号和300kHz斩波频率下,斩波运放输入等效失调电压小于120μV,在10Hz～1kHz之间,输入等效噪声为5nV/Hz^1/2,最高开环增益为84dB,单位增益带宽为4MHz。     

嵌套式斩波运放的分析与设计

针对传统的斩波运放具有大残余失调的特点,设计了一个嵌套式斩波运放。基于SMIC0.18μm工艺,通过Spectre仿真工具进行验证与仿真,运放的开环增益达到78.3dB,共模抑制比达到112dB。在斩波频率fchophigh=10kHz、fchoplow=500Hz的条件下,通过使用非匹配斩波开关,分别对单斩波和嵌套式斩波运放进行仿真。结果表明,嵌套式斩波技术能有效减小残余失调的影响。适用于带宽较低的微弱信号检测与处理电路,如传感器前端读出电路和音频信号放大电路等。     

Adaptive digital notch filter design on the unit circle for theremoval of powerline noise from biomedical signals

Investigates adaptive digital notch filters for the elimination of powerline noise from biomedical signals. Since the distribution of the frequency variation of the powerline noise may or may not be centered at 60 Hz. Three different adaptive digital notch filters are considered. For the first case, an adaptive FIR second-order digital notch filter is designed to track the center frequency variation. For the second case, the zeroes of an adaptive IIR second-order digital notch filter are fixed on the unit circle and the poles are adapted to find an optimum bandwidth to eliminate the noise to a pre-defined attenuation level. In the third case, both the poles and zeroes of the adaptive IIR second-order filter are adapted to track the center frequency variation within an optimum bandwidth. The adaptive process is considerably simplified by designing the notch filters by pole-zero placement on the unit circle using some suggested rules. A constrained least mean-squared algorithm is used for the adaptive process. To evaluate their performance, the three adaptive notch filters are applied to a powerline noise sample and to a noisy EEG as an illustration of a biomedical signal     

High dynamic range 60 MHz powerline front-end IC

Presented for the first time, is a novel broadband powerline front-end realised in 0.25 mum SiGe BiCMOS with superior performance. The frequency range of the transmitter (TX) and the direct conversion receiver (RX) exceeds 60 MHz with a very wide dynamic range up to 99.5 dB for the lowest channel bandwidth. The integrated IF filter is tunable from 1 up to 8 MHz. The measured input-referred noise of the TX with low third intermodulation distortion (IMD3) is -140 and 144.5 dBm/Hz for the RX.     

A variable speed light chopper using a feedback controlled DC motor

A variable speed mechanical light chopper having a chopping frequency range from 10 to 2000 Hz using two chopping blades is described. A small DC motor whose speed can be varied ten fold was used and its speed was maintained constant by feedback control. The chopper has better than 0.l per cent stability and negligible temperature drift. The circuit is simple, inexpensive, and reliable.     

Sparse FIR notch filter design and its application

A technique for designing a sparse FIR notch filter is presented. First, a sparse property of the ideal notch filter, whose notch frequency has the form (q/2p)π is derived, where p and q are coprime integers. Then, the Lagrange multiplier method is used to obtain the coefficients of the sparse notch filter which is optimal in the least-squares sense. Next, a design example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. Finally, a sparse notch filter is applied to eliminate the 60 Hz powerline interference superimposed on the electrocardiogram signals     

A CMOS nested-chopper instrumentation amplifier with 100-nV offset

A CMOS nested-chopper instrumentation amplifier is presented with a typical offset of 100 nV. This performance is obtained by nesting an additional low-frequency chopper pair around a conventional chopper amplifier. The inner chopper pair removes the 1/f noise, while the outer chopper pair reduces the residual offset. The test chip is free from 1/f noise and has a thermal noise of 27 nV/√Hz consuming a total supply current of 200 μA     

Employing R-0.5R networks in ultra-low bio-medical active-RC lowpass filters

Utilizing R-2R ladders in design of active-RC approach promotes IC implementation of low frequency filters and leads to high linear and low power design solution for biomedical applications. However, area of R-2R ladders limits low frequency operation of this approach to few tens of Hz. This range is sufficient for designing 60 Hz powerline notch filter, but biomedical lowpass filers requires much lower pole frequencies. This paper investigates the use of other types of ladders (R-αR) in filter design. It shows that among various R-αR ladders, the R-0.5R ladders provide the most attractive solution for designing lowpass filters with ultra-low pole frequency. It is shown that R-0.5R ladders would require as low as 0.7 % of the area of R-2R ladders for realizing a given pole frequency. A second-order fully differential filter was fabricated in a standard 0.18 µm CMOS process. Experimental results showing cutoff frequency of around 1 Hz are provided.     

脉冲调制减小CO2激光焊接气孔倾向的研究

针对激光深熔焊过程中易出现的气孔问题 ,本文研究了激光焊接时脉冲频率对焊缝气孔倾向及焊缝成形的影响规律。利用自制的斩波盘式激光脉冲调制机构和 3kW快轴流CO2 激光器进行了 5mm低碳钢板的激光焊接 ,分析了不同脉冲频率条件下焊缝成形和气孔分布。结果表明 ,厚板连续激光焊接时 ,气孔倾向十分严重 ,在未焊透的焊缝中 ,气孔主要分布在焊缝的根部 ,而采用频率在 15 - 2 0Hz范围的脉冲激光焊接 ,能显著减少焊缝中的气孔     

A CMOS Low-Noise Instrumentation Amplifier Using Chopper Modulation

This paper describes a low-power, low-noise chopper stabilized CMOS instrumentation amplifier for biomedical applications. Low thermal noise is achieved by employing MOSTs biased in the weak/moderate inversion region, whereas chopper stabilization is utilized to shift 1/f-noise out of the signal band hereby ensuring overall low noise performance. The resulting equivalent input referred noise is approximately 7 nV/ ?{Hz}\sqrt{\rm Hz} for a chopping frequency of 20 kHz. The amplifier operates from a modest supply voltage of 1.8 V, drawing 136 A of current thus consuming 245 W of power. The gain is 72.5 dB over a 4 kHz bandwidth. The inband PSRR is above 90 and the CMRR exceeds 105 dB.     

基于VO2薄膜非致冷红外探测器性能研究

用微电子工艺制备了VO     

微桥结构PZT厚膜红外探测器研究

利用KOH溶液腐蚀结合SF6气体干法刻蚀工艺制备了锆钛酸铅(PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3,PZT)厚膜热释电红外探测器,得到了器件Si基背面完全悬空的微桥绝热结构.使用由斩波器调制的黑体辐射,测试了探测器在低频段的电压响应率、噪声等效功率和探测率等参数.结果表明,探测器在调制频率为5.3 Hz时的电压响应率约为4.5×...     

A low-noise CMOS instrumentation amplifier for thermoelectricinfrared detectors

A low-noise CMOS instrumentation amplifier for low-frequency thermoelectric infrared sensor applications is described which uses a chopper technique to reduce low-frequency noise and offset. The offset reduction efficiency of the band-pass filter, implemented to reduce residual offset due to clock feedthrough, has been analyzed and experimentally verified. The circuit has been integrated in a transistor-only 1-μm single-poly n-well CMOS process. It features a gain of 52 dB with a 500 Hz bandwidth and a common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of more than 70 dB. The equivalent input low frequency noise is 15 nV/√Hz. The typical residual input offset is 1.5 μV. The amplifier power consumption is 1.3 mW     

低噪声低功耗斩波运放的分析与设计

CMOS运放的噪声尤其是低频1/f噪声会随着整体功耗的降低而急剧增加,针对传感器读出电路应用,文中在传统斩波运放的基础上设计了一个低噪声、低功耗的嵌套式斩波运算放大器。基于SMIC0.18 μm工艺,通过Spectre仿真工具进行仿真与验证。高频斩波(fchop,high)频率为500 kHz,低频斩波频率(fchop,low)为2 kHz时的仿真结果表明,运放在100 Hz处的噪声功率谱密度(Power Spectral Density,PSD)降为23 nV[KF(]Hz[KF)],总消耗电流14 μA,放大器的增益带宽积(GBW)为16.7 MHz,运放的电流效率(GBW/Itot)达到了1 193,该设计的整体性能与以往的设计相比具有一定优势。     

Electronic step down (220/110 V) transformer using a new quantumseries resonant converter

A novel quantum series resonant converter (QSRC) topology for a pure sinewave 60 Hz AC chopper is proposed. It has three bidirectional switches and operates at high switching frequency with low switching loss. Bidirectional power flow is possible, and the switches can operate in either zero current switching (ZCS) mode or zero voltage switching (ZVS) mode by slight modification. The QSRC is thought to be suitable for such a system with fixed voltage conversion ratio. The proposed converter is applied to an electronic 220/110 V transformer. Detailed analyses and experimental results for 1 kVA are presented     

A CMOS chopper amplifier

A highly sensitive CMOS chopper amplifier for low-frequency applications is described. It is realized with a second-order low-pass selective amplifier using a continuous-time filtering technique. The circuit has been integrated in a 3-/spl mu/m p-well CMOS technology. The chopper amplifier DC grain is 38 dB with a 200-Hz bandwidth. The equivalent input noise is 63 nV//spl radic/Hz and free from 1/f noise. The input offset is below 5 /spl mu/V for a tuning error less than 1%. The amplifier consumes only 34 /spl mu/W.     

相位敏感光时域反射系统低频响应性能优化

相位敏感光时域反射系统以其分布式光纤传感技术的优势在分布式水听、压裂微地震检测、自然灾害预警等低频监测领域具有极高的应用前景。文中对系统中脉冲斩波信号与频率调制信号时钟不同源的问题予以验证,并对其产生的影响进行理论分析;设计双路同步时钟源驱动产生脉冲斩波信号和频率调制信号,降低每个脉冲重复周期中频率调制信号的随机低频相位噪声,提高探测脉冲光的相位稳定性;采用时钟同源和时钟非同源两种方式对典型的基于外差相干检测的相位敏感光时域反射系统的声光调制器进行驱动,由信号发生器驱动缠有光纤的压电陶瓷,产生不同频段的扰动信号。实验结果表明:在同一测试条件下,前者在低频段的信噪比、相位解调质量、频率响应方面均优于后者,最小响应频率为0.1 Hz,相对提高两个数量级,降低了系统中低频噪声干扰。该方法易于实现,可与现有的低频性能优化方法或结构兼容,进一步提高系统低频响应性能。     

A fully integrated, untrimmed CMOS instrumentation amplifier withsubmicrovolt offset

A low-noise CMOS instrumentation amplifier intended for low-frequency thermoelectric microsensor applications is presented that achieves submicrovolt offset and noise. Key to its performance is the chopper modulation technique combined with a bandpass filter and a matching on-chip oscillator. No external components or trimming are required. The achievable offset performance depends on the bandpass filter Q and the oscillator-to-bandpass filter matching accuracy. Constraints are derived for an optimum Q and a given matching accuracy. The improvement of common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) in chopper amplifiers is discussed. The amplifier features a total gain of 77±0.3 dB and a bandwidth of approximately 600 Hz. The measured low-frequency input noise is 8.5 nV/√Hz and the input offset is 600 nV. The measured low-frequency CMRR is better than 150 dB. The circuit has been implemented in a standard 1-μm single-poly CMOS process     

基于高频感应加热电源的新型软斩波器研研究

介绍一种用于逆变电源功率调节的新型零电压零电流转换（ZVZCT）直流斩波器,克服了传统ZCT斩波器或ZVT斩波器不能零电流开通和负载续流二极管不能软关断的缺点,适合用于以MOSFET为开关器件的高频电源场合。对该变换器的稳定运行情况进行了详细的分析,并进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明,该ZVZCT软斩波器能可靠地运行在高频场合,能实现较大范围内的电压和功率调节。     

Powernet — das neue EIB-Medium

Powernet EIB is a powerline-based information transmission system using the powerline medium to exchange information for communication purposes. The first implementation of the EIB makes use of the twisted pair transmission medium only. Introducing Powernet EIB, the new transmission medium powerline opens new application fields for the EIB. Powerline is a very hostile medium for carrier based data transmission. Powernet EIB presents a reliable data transmission with considerable speed. Half duplex transceiver technology enables two-way communication in Powernet EIB. The transmission method is based on spread frequency shift keying (SFSK).