Tunable Resonator‐Upconverted Emission (TRUE) Color Printing and Applications in Optical Security

Lanthanide‐doped nanophosphors are promising in anti‐counterfeiting and security printing applications. These nanophosphors can be incorporated as transparent inks that fluoresce by upconverting near‐infrared illumination into visible light to allow easy verification of documents. However, these inks typically exhibit a single luminescent color, low emission efficiency, and low print resolutions. Tunable resonator‐upconverted emission (TRUE) is achieved by placing upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) within plasmonic nanoresonators. A range of TRUE colors are obtained from a single‐UCNP species self‐assembled within size‐tuned gap‐plasmon resonances in Al nanodisk arrays. The luminescence intensities are enhanced by two orders of magnitude through emission and absorption enhancements. The enhanced emissive and plasmonic colors are simultaneously employed to generate TRUE color prints that exhibit one appearance under ambient white light, and a multicolored luminescence appearance that is revealed under near‐infrared excitation. The printed color and luminescent images are of ultrahigh resolutions (≈50 000 dpi), and enable multiple colors from a single excitation source for increased level of security.     

Spectral transmittance of organic dye-doped glass films obtained by the solgel method

The spectral transmittance of colored glass films synthesized by the solgel method is presented. The film was formed on a glass slide by dipping it into an organic dye-doped solution and, thereafter, by putting it into a furnace for solidification. Three dyes, Methylene Blue, Eosin, and Uranine, were used that exhibit transparent blue, pink, and yellow colors, respectively, when they are dissolved in the starting solution. We clarify how the spectral transmittance of the films varies with the solidification temperature. The films doped with two of the three dyes that exhibit violet, orange, and green colors are also synthesized, and their transmittance is measured. Moreover, the chemical durability of the films and the transmittance change caused by aging and illumination are examined.     

Inspiration from butterfly and moth wing scales: Characterization,modeling, and fabrication

Through billions of years of evolution, nature has created biological materials with remarkable properties. Studying these biological materials can guide the design and fabrication of bio-inspired materials. Many of the complex natural architectures, such as shells, bones, and honeycombs, have been studied to imitate the design and fabrication of materials with improved hardness and stiffness. Recently, an increasing number of researchers have investigated the wings of lepidopterans (butterflies and moths) because these structures may exhibit dazzling colors. Based on previous studies, these iridescent colors are attributable to periodic structures on the scales that constitute the wing surfaces. These complex and diverse structures have recently become a focus of multidisciplinary research due to their promising applications in the display of structural colors, advanced sensors, and solar cells. This review provides a broad overview of the research into these wings, particularly the microstructures in the wing scales. This review investigates the following three fields: structural characterization and optical property analysis of lepidopteran wings, modeling and simulation of the optical properties and microstructure, and the fabrication of artificial structures inspired by these wings.     

Coloring Afterglow Nanoparticles for High-Contrast Time-Gating-Free Multiplex Luminescence Imaging

Afterglow nanoparticles (AGNPs) possessing inherently long lifetime with tailorable emission colors and uniform size have long been sought due to their time-gating-free high-contrast multiplexing imaging. Herein, via a straightforward template method, it is reported that such multicolor AGNPs can be accomplished. The resultant AGNPs exhibit a series of tunable afterglow emissions, including blue, yellow, green, and white. These multicolor AGNPs are found to be highly bright, enabling them to perform high-contrast multichannel afterglow imaging in vitro and in vivo without the use of any complicated time-gating algorithms or systems, which existing tools are unable to do.     

Magnetochromatic effects in magnetic fluid thin films

A homogeneous ferrofluid composition capable of reversiblyforming ordered crystalline two-dimensional hexagonal lattices ofmagnetic particle columns in a thin film under the influence ofexternal magnetic fields has been synthesized. We can manipulatethe spacings between the particles columns by adjusting parameters suchas external magnetic field strength, film thickness, rate of change ofthe field strength, and concentration of magnetic particles in theferrofluid. These spacings between particle columns are of theorder of several micrometers and are capable of diffracting visiblelight to produce monochromatic interference colors. We can changethe resulting colors by altering the lattice spacing to exhibit thefeasibility of generating monochromatic colors.     

四季联想与治愈系色彩的智能生成

目的 由于对四季的联想有心理治愈的效果,所以以智能化方法生成四季治愈系色彩构成,并结合最典型的四季风物,展开对公交客车外饰配色的创新设计。方法 首先,通过实验获取四季治愈系色彩的基本数据,以获取的四季治愈系色彩为依据,构建四季治愈系色彩的蒙赛尔色彩空间,并对四季治愈系色彩进行可视化呈现;其次,通过对大量色彩数据的“除燥处理”,智能化生成了四季治愈系的色彩构成;最后,选出最典型的四季联想风物,利用格式塔图形原理将典型风物外形与四季治愈系色彩结合,对公交客车外饰进行四季治愈系配色。结论 实验结果说明:四季公交客车外饰配色设计能够联想四季感起到治愈效果,以公交客车四季外饰配色为案例的设计方法具有广泛的应用前景。     

Dual-color operation of a laser diode under current and temperature control

We describe a novel method that operates a laser diode with dual colors. Our system requires no external optical parts but does require current and temperature control. We can use either a single color on a time-sharing basis or dual colors simultaneously. The difference between the wavelengths is -0.6 nm, which is as much as 10 times that generated by current control alone. Temporal stability of the generated two wavelengths and the response time of the wavelength change were confirmed through a number of experiments.     

Oligoethylene-glycol-functionalized polyoxythiophenes for cell engineering: syntheses, characterizations, and cell compatibilities

A series of methyl- or benzyl-capped oligoethylene glycol functionalized 2,5-dibromo-3-oxythiophenes are synthesized and successfully polymerized by either Grignard metathesis (GRIM) polymerization or reductive coupling polymerization to yield the corresponding polymers in reasonable yields and molecular weights with narrow molecular weight distribution. These synthesized polyoxythiophenes exhibit high electroactivity and stability in aqueous solution when a potential is applied. Polyoxythiophenes from different polymerization approaches display different colors after purification and spectroelectrochemical studies confirm that the difference of color is from the difference of doping state. Little cytotoxicity is observed for the polymers by in vitro cell compatibility assay. NIH3T3 fibroblast cells are well attached and proliferate on spin-coated films. These results indicate that oligoethylene-glycol-functionalized polyoxythiophenes are promising candidates as conducting biomatierals for biomedical and bioengineering applications.     

Structural Color Palettes of Core–Shell Photonic Ink Capsules Containing Cholesteric Liquid Crystals

Photonic microcapsules with onion‐like topology are microfluidically designed to have cholesteric liquid crystals with opposite handedness in their core and shell. The microcapsules exhibit structural colors caused by dual photonic bandgaps, resulting in a rich variety of color on the optical palette. Moreover, the microcapsules can switch the colors from either core or shell depending on the selection of light‐handedness.     

银盐方式等离子显示器（PDP）用电磁波屏蔽膜的开发

等离子显示器（PDP）的基本工作原理是基于密封在特制的玻璃管中的氦、氙等惰性气体在高电压下产生等离子体，进行放电并放射紫外线激发管壁上的荧光物质发出蓝、绿、红三原色光线构成图像，而图像的颜色和亮度则由经过调制的脉冲电流控制，后者会同时产生电磁波干扰，影响周边环境，本文介绍富士公司开发的一种用传统银盐感光材料制作的电磁波屏蔽膜，可有效地消除PDP工作时产生的不良电磁波。     

双重识别功能的印刷套印标记设计及误差分析

在传统的十字线套印标记和圆形套印标记基础上,设计了一种既适于人眼识别又适合数字图像检测的套印标记。利用CCD成像,获取了套印标记图像,然后对图像进行了预处理,分割图像,获取了同心圆中四色的圆心坐标,最后计算了套印偏差参数。实验结果表明:套印标记中的同心圆的设计,避免了图像分割时四色重叠的问题;套印偏差识别精度高,在分辨率达到300dpi及以上时,测量误差小于0.04mm,且识别速度快,能满足套印标记实时检测要求。     

面向产品设计领域的色彩仿生特征提取探析

从产品设计程序出发,以自然生物色彩的特点为启示,总结出2种不同形式的仿生色彩设计流程。针对生物原型色彩特征的提取,归纳出4种设计原则,即:主体色优选,辅助色适当忽略:色彩面积配置仿生;整体色彩仿生与局部色彩仿生并用;色彩反馈功能仿生。通过这些设计原则的应用,将为产品色彩设计领域开拓更广阔的色域空间。     

Neuartige dekorative Farbschichten durch Plasma‐Beschichtung

Novel decorative color coatings using plasma deposition The market does not stop to demand for novel products. Only those who offer innovative products will explore new segments of the market and will not loose against the cheap suppliers from far eastern countries. This is even more important in the field of surface technology. Many products would not be competitive without plasma technology. Companies changing surfaces with plasma technology expect a noticeable growth between 20 and 50 % within the next years [1]. The deposition of thin layers using plasma makes it possible to obtain highly brilliant color coatings, specially mixed color effects (rainbow like) as well as color changes depending of the observation angle. These optical special effects would not be feasible with common painting techniques. Thus plasma deposition opens a new field for surface coating. In these layers the colors are created via interference effects of the light being used for illumination. They are called interference colors, well known to the most of us from thin oil films on a wet street.     

Metallosupramolecular Photonic Elastomers with Self‐Healing Capability and Angle‐Independent Color

Photonic elastomers that can change colors like a chameleon have shown great promise in various applications. However, it still remains a challenge to produce artificial photonic elastomers with desired optical and mechanical properties. Here, the generation of metallosupramolecular polymer‐based photonic elastomers with tunable mechanical strength, angle‐independent structural color, and self‐healing capability is reported. The photonic elastomers are prepared by incorporating isotropically arranged monodispersed SiO₂ nanoparticles within a supramolecular elastomeric matrix based on metal coordination interaction between amino‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) and cerium trichloride. The photonic elastomers exhibit angle‐independent structural colors, while Young's modulus and elongation at break of the as‐formed photonic elastomers reach 0.24 MPa and 150%, respectively. The superior elasticity of photonic elastomers enables their chameleon‐skin‐like mechanochromic capability. Moreover, the photonic elastomers are capable of healing scratches or cuts to ensure sustainable optical and mechanical properties, which is crucial to their applications in wearable devices, optical coating, and visualized force sensing.     

Selective Coloration of Melanin Nanospheres through Resonant Mie Scattering

Black melanin inks are prepared to selectively exhibit colors under strong light, inspired by human hair. High absorbance of melanin suppresses multiple scattering, causing resonant Mie scattering predominant. Various colors can be developed as the resonant wavelength dictated by nanosphere diameter. Therefore, the melanin inks can be used to encrypt and selectively disclose multicolor patterns for anticounterfeiting applications.     

平面设计中视觉审美元素的构建

目的探究平面设计中视觉审美元素的类型及其审美构建方式。方法从平面设计的发展现状出发,通过分析,得出平面设计对审美的构建主要表现在冲击力强、艺术美、秩序美3个特点。这些特点对平面设计形成了提升经济价值、提升审美效果、体现创新性的影响。结合其中视觉审美元素的特点和作用,从文字、图形、色彩3个方面论述视觉审美元素的构建方式,同时摆出实例加以论证。随着时代的变迁,对审美元素构建的理解不仅仅是停留在基本专业素质上,还要不断提高自身的想象力和创造力,利用文字、图形、色彩等视觉审美元素,来提升作品的质量和品位。结论在平面设计中合理利用文字、图形、色彩等审美元素,能够增强作品的视觉冲击力,提高平面设计水平,创作出更具美感的设计作品。     

Hauptzuordnungen bei Modulbildungsprozessen von Konstruktionen

New challenges in design and manufacturing preparation processes are not always heading to new designs and technologies creation, but also to satisfy wide range of needs oriented toward a particular class of technical means. Sets of constructions, named as construction families, basing on identical general system are presented in this article. For that kind of a construction family, the conversion has been proposed, to change a construction from unordered to ordered form. These conversions are made simultaneously in needs and construction domains. In modular systems creation it has been distinguished four assignments: α, β, γ, δ.     

Highly sensitive color fine-tuning of diblock copolymeric nano-aggregates with tri-metallic cations,Eu(Ⅲ),Tb(Ⅲ),and Zn(Ⅱ),for flexible photoluminescence films(FPFs)

Luminescence materials have shown promise as display apparatus and lighting devices.The particularly interesting systems are photoluminescence materials that are capable of reversible colors emitting repeatedly on exposure to light.Here we report a series of color tunable flexible and transparent photoluminescence films consisting of multi-metals(Eu³⁺,Tb³⁺and Zn³⁺)induced polymer aggregates(MIPAs)which are distributed uniformly in the polyacrylonitrile(PAN)films without agglomeration.MIPAs have a unique spherical structure due to the self-assembly of polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid(PS-b-PAA)induced by metal ions.Notably,when applied in photoluminescence devices,these photoluminescence films exhibit not only red,green,blue colors(RGB)light,but also other tuned various color light covering the whole visible range upon excitation of 345 nm through adjusting the relative ratios of metal complexes.As the most important key point,non-conductive polymers can be used in photoluminescence devices as host medium,which is not realized in electroluminescent devices.Thus,the flexible photoluminescence films(FPFs)innovated herein exhibit the great potential to apply for flexible light-color and light-energy transformation devices.     

Assessment of surface roughness and reflectance of nonmetallic products upon diamond abrasive finishing

Surface roughness of nonmetallic products machined by various diamond abrasive finishing operations is demonstrated to govern the angular diagrams of reflection and scattering which exhibit a speckle pattern. An indicatrix of scattering is found to form due to light reflection by uniform areas of texture formations on the surface and by their boundaries. A parameter that responds to a change in machined surface roughness is the width of the peak on the indicatrix of scattering, with the pedestal remaining almost unchanged.     

Fabrication and optical characterization of light trapping silicon nanopore and nanoscrew devices

We have fabricated nanotextured Si substrates that exhibit controllable optical reflection intensities and colors. Si nanopore has a photon trapping nanostructure but has abrupt changes in the index of refraction displaying a darkened specular reflection. Nanoscrew Si shows graded refractive-index photon trapping structures that enable diffuse reflection to be as low as 2.2% over the visible wavelengths. By tuning the 3D nanoscale silicon structure, the optical reflection peak wavelength and intensity are changed in the wavelength range of 300-800?nm, making the surface have different reflectivity and apparent colors. The relation between the surface optical properties with the spatial features of the photon trapping nanostructures is examined. Integration of photon trapping structures with planar Si structure on the same substrate is also demonstrated. The tunable photon trapping silicon structures have potential applications in enhancing the performance of semiconductor photoelectric devices.