A new high temperature resistant glass-ceramic coating for gas turbine engine components

A new high temperature and abrasion resistant glass-ceramic coating system (based on MgO-Al₂O₃-TiO₂ and ZnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ based glass systems) for gas turbine engine components has been developed. Thermal shock resistance, adherence at 90°-bend test and static oxidation resistance at the required working temperature (1000°C) for continuous service and abrasion resistance are evaluated using suitable standard methods. The coating materials and the resultant coatings are characterized using differential thermal analysis, differential thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The properties evaluated clearly showed the suitability of these coatings for protection of different hot zone components in different types of engines. XRD analysis of the coating materials and the resultant coatings showed presence of a number of microcrystalline phases. SEM micrographs indicate strong chemical bonding at the metal-ceramic interface. Optical micrographs showed smooth glossy impervious defect free surface finish.     

Effect of Zr on microstructure of metallic glass coatings prepared by gas tunnel type plasma spraying

Metallic glass is one of the most attractive advanced materials, and many researchers have conducted various developmental research works. Metallic glass is expected to be used as a functional material because of its excellent physical and chemical functions such as high strength and high corrosion resistance. However, the application for small size parts has been carried out only in some industrial fields. In order to widen the industrial application fields, a composite material is preferred for the cost performance. In the coating processes of metallic glass with the conventional deposition techniques, there is a difficulty to form thick coatings due to their low deposition rate. Thermal spraying method is one of the potential candidates to produce metallic glass composites. Metallic glass coatings can be applied to the longer parts and therefore the application field can be widened. The gas tunnel plasma spraying is one of the most important technologies for high quality ceramic coating and synthesizing functional materials. As the gas tunnel type plasma jet is superior to the properties of other conventional type plasma jets, this plasma has great possibilities for various applications in thermal processing. In this study, the gas tunnel type plasma spraying was used to form the metallic glass coatings on the stainless-steel substrate. The microstructure and surface morphology of the metallic glass coatings were examined using Fe-based metallic glass powder and Zr-based metallic glass powder as coating material. For the mechanical properties the Vickers hardness was measured on the cross section of both the coatings and the difference between the powders was compared.     

Glazing of alumina by a fluoroapatite-containing glass-ceramic

Glazing of alumina substrates was performed in order to prepare bioactive glass-ceramic coatings for biomedical applications. The coating material was a fluoroapatite-containing glass-ceramic (SAF) with a good degree of bioactivity. A careful optimisation of the coating conditions was carried out. The obtained coatings were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compositional analysis (EDS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and in vitro tests (soaking into a simulated body fluid). Direct firing of SAF powders on the ceramic substrates gave unsatisfactory results in terms of crack propagation and bioactivity, due to the nucleation of a non-bioactive Al-rich phase (leucite) with high linear expansion coefficient. The use of an intermediate layer based on a SiO₂-CaO glass (SC) was necessary in order to avoid Al ions diffusion through the coating and thus the formation of undesired additional phases. The coatings obtained with the optimised processing parameters resulted to be adherent, defect-free, and characterized by unchanged composition and structure as well as unmodified bioactivity if compared with the bulk SAF glass-ceramic.     

Studies on broad spectrum corrosion resistant oxide coatings

The corrosion resistant oxide coatings, developed and applied by the conventional vitreous enamelling techniques, showed superior resistance to a range of mineral acids at various strengths and temperatures, alkaline solutions, boiling water and chrome plating solutions. These coatings possess considerable abrasion and impact resistance as well as high thermal shock resistance. The properties of the coating system have been studied in detail and found to be strongly dependent on composition and processing parameters. These coatings have been characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and SEM studies. Some of the coating materials have been found to be biocompatible.     

树脂基复合材料表面功能防护涂层的研究现状

树脂基复合材料因具有综合成本低、减重性能好、比强度高、比刚度高、耐腐蚀和性能可设计等优点,在航空航天领域已广泛用于替代现有的部分金属部件;然而树脂基复合材料较差的抗氧化与耐磨损性能以及较低的使用温度限制了其更广泛的应用。综述了树脂基复合材料表面功能防护涂层的国内外研究进展,探讨了不同涂层制备方法、防护性能及其失效机理,为未来涂层的研究提供基础,以解决涂层制备工艺及其服役寿命问题。     

Easy‐to‐clean Schichten – spezielle Anwendungen

Easy to clean surfaces – special applications Easy to clean surfaces can be made by wet‐chemical coating with subsequent heat‐treatment. Organically modified metal oxide films form the base reinforced by nano composite structures. The hydro‐ and oleophobic effect is obtained by perfluorinated organic molecule chains in the nano composite sol‐gel coatings. Application specific materials can be synthesized by the proper choice of suitable starting compounds and process parameters. The resulting coatings consist of a three‐dimensional cross‐linked inorganic part (such as a silica network) combined with an organic part. The organic material acts either as a surface modifier (example: alkyl, phenyl) or as crosslinker (example: acrylic, epoxy). The properties of such coating systems can be adjusted to obtain a wide range of glass‐ceramic or polymer‐like properties. The incorporation of nanoparticles into these materials significantly enhances the abrasion and the scratch resistance. Such coatings mainly on metal parts are used in diagnostics, analytical chemistry and medical technology.     

Bonding strength of glass-ceramic trabecular-like coatings to ceramic substrates for prosthetic applications

A new approach based on the concepts of quantized fracture mechanics (QFM) is presented and discussed in this paper to estimate the bonding strength of trabecular-like coatings, i.e. glass-ceramic scaffolds mimicking the architecture of cancellous bone, to ceramic substrates. The innovative application of glass-derived scaffolds as trabecular-like coatings is proposed in order to enhance the osteointegration of prosthetic ceramic devices. The scaffolds, prepared by polymeric sponge replication, are joined to alumina substrates by a dense glass-ceramic coating (interlayer) and the so-obtained 3-layer constructs are investigated from micro-structural, morphological and mechanical viewpoints. In particular, the fracture strengths of three different crack propagation modes, i.e. glass-derived scaffold fracture, interface delamination or mixed fracture, are predicted in agreement with those of experimental mechanical tests. The approach proposed in this work could have interesting applications towards an ever more rational design of bone tissue engineering biomaterials and coatings, in view of the optimization of their mechanical properties for making them actually suitable for clinical applications.     

平板玻璃表面涂料的研究及应用

透明装饰性涂料在玻璃上的应用使其表面功能多样化,应用范围更加广泛.本文阐述了平板玻璃涂料制备技术中基料树脂的选取、涂膜耐久性以及涂装工艺,并综述了几类玻璃涂料,如普通装饰性涂料、低辐射涂料、防反射涂料以及新型玻璃建材的应用研究进展.     

Cyclic oxidation behavior of glass-ceramic composite coatings on superalloy K38G at 1100 °C

The SiO₂-Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-CaO-ZnO glass-ceramic composite coatings (GC), nanocrystalline NiCoCrAlY coating, and their combinations (bi-layer GC/NiCoCrAlY) were prepared on K38G specimens. The thicknesses of the glass-ceramic coatings and the NiCoCrAlY coatings were about 10 μm and 20 μm, respectively. Cyclic oxidation tests were carried out at 1100 °C for 120 cycles. Microstructures of the specimens before and after oxidation tests were characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD. The glass-ceramic coatings with or without a NiCoCrAlY intermediate layer improved the isothermal and cyclic oxidation resistance of the Ni-base superalloy K38G at 1100 °C, and performed better than the NiCoCrAlY coatings. An alumina layer formed at the glass/metal interfaces of the specimens coated by the glass-ceramic coatings with or without a NiCoCrAlY intermediate layer. The NiCoCrAlY intermediate layer was beneficial to the cyclic oxidation resistance of the glass-ceramic coatings.     

树脂镜片抗磨加硬膜层的研究进展

树脂光学镜片以其优异的性能逐步取代玻璃镜片,占据了国内外大部分市场,但由于硬度低,耐磨损性差,所以使用寿命较短.研究发现在其表面镀制抗磨加硬膜可显著提高耐磨损性.综述了国内外近年来在树脂镜片上涂镀有机硅、石英等抗磨加硬膜的制备方法和性能研究进展,并介绍了在树脂镜片上沉积新型类金刚石(DLC)抗磨加硬膜的研究现状及发展前景.     

Facile preparation and property analyses of L-CNC/SiO2-based composite superhydrophobic coating

In recent years, superhydrophobic coatings have received extensive attention due to their functions of waterproof, antifouling, self-cleaning, etc. However, wide applications of superhydrophobic coatings are still affected by their disadvantages of complex preparation, low mechanical properties, and poor ultraviolet (UV) resistance. In this study, cellulose nanocrystal containing a small amount of lignin (L-CNC)/SiO₂ composite particles were used as the main material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the adhesive and perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (FOTS) as the modifier to prepare superhydrophobic coatings by a one-step spray method. The resulted coating showed excellent superhydrophobicity (water contact angle (WCA) of 161° and slide angle (SA) of 7°) and high abrasion resistance (capable of withstanding 50 abrasion cycles under the load of 50 g). Moreover, it still maintained good superhydrophobicity after 5 h of exposure to the UV light (1000 W), displaying its good UV resistance. This study provides theoretical and technical reference for the simple preparation of organic‒inorganic composite superhydrophobic coatings with high abrasion resistance and good UV resistance, which is beneficial to improving the practicability and broadening the application scope of superhydrophobic coatings.     

Scratch resistance analysis of coatings on glass and polycarbonate

Optical coatings are nowadays broadly used in automotive and architectural glazings, displays, etc. When applied to the outside of laminated glass panels or on single glass sheets the coatings are subject to abrasive processes like cleaning and dusty or sandy circumstances. A high mechanical stability is therefore required under various environmental loads in life cycle. In this work, scratch tests have been carried out for antimony doped tin oxide film (SnO₂:Sb) on glass and silicon oxide film (SiO₂) on polycarbonate to analyze the impact of film thickness on the scratch resistance. In addition to that, the taber test is used for the analysis of SiO₂ on polycarbonate. Simulations of the experimental set-up based on a finite element model are developed in order to investigate the elasto-plastic behaviour of the coating and substrate.     

纳米石墨/聚氨酯复合涂层的制备及耐腐蚀性能

为研制高性能电力金具防护涂层,首先,以羟基丙烯酸树脂和异氰酸酯为主要成膜物质,纳米石墨为填料,制备了不同纳米石墨含量的纳米石墨/聚氨酯复合涂料;然后,将涂料喷涂在电力热镀锌钢上,固化干燥后得到纳米石墨/聚氨酯复合涂层;最后,测试了纳米石墨/聚氨酯复合涂层的力学性能和耐磨性,并采用模拟酸雨试验、中性盐雾试验及电化学阻抗谱（EIS）研究了纳米石墨/聚氨酯复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:添加纳米石墨后,涂层与热镀锌钢的附着力有所提高,纳米石墨含量为2.0wt%的纳米石墨/聚氨酯复合涂层的耐磨性比未添加纳米石墨的空白涂层提高了92%,并且涂层中纳米石墨的分布较均匀,表现出良好的耐腐蚀性能。 所得结论表明在涂层中添加适量的纳米石墨可以提高涂层的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能,进而可将涂层用于电力金具的表面防护。      

Glass-ceramic-metal composites for making graded seals in prosthetic devices

The possibility of using glass-ceramic-metal composites as graded seals between dense cores of prostheses and a porous glass-ceramic coating, which would promote a direct bond with the bone has been investigated, particularly with respect to thermal and elastic properties. Before binding them to a core, bulk composite materials have been prepared in order to study their properties.These materials have been obtained from powdered mixtures of a calcium alumino-phosphate glass (CAP) with increasing volume fractions (3.5–50%) of various metals or alloys: titanium, 316 L stainless steel, cobalt-chromium 788 alloy. They have been synthesized by hot pressing immediately followed by a heat treatment to obtain ceramicization of the glass matrix.Elastic and thermal properties have been determined. The values of elastic moduli and average linear thermal expansion coefficients lie within those of glass-ceramic CAP and those of the corresponding metal. Mechanical properties have been also measured. The material can withstand about four times the body weight when materials are bound to a more rigid metal or alloy.     

耐摩擦和高透过SiO2/TiO2/SiO2-TiO2增透膜的设计和制备

通过膜层设计理论设计出以K9玻璃为基底的兼具高透过率和高耐摩擦性的三层宽带增透膜,并通过溶胶凝胶技术成功制备了所设计的增透膜.以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和钛酸丁酯(TTIP)为前驱体、以盐酸为催化剂制得SiO2和TiO2溶胶.将两种溶胶按一定比例混合得到SiO2-TiO2复合溶胶.实验结果表明:三层增透膜在可见光区的平均透过率达到98.7%,与未镀膜的K9玻璃基片相比提高了7.1%.增透膜经较强机械摩擦后透过率基本保持不变,表明该增透膜具有优良的耐摩擦性.采用六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)对增透膜表面进行进一步的修饰,修饰后增透膜与水的接触角提高至94.3°,增透膜的疏水性及环境稳定性得到较大的提高.     

Funktionelle Schichten auf Metallen: Maßgeschneiderte Eigenschaften durch Sol‐Gel‐Technologie

Functional Layers on Metals: Tailored Properties by Sol‐Gel Technology The value of metal articles can be substantially enhanced by convenient surface coatings. Beside organic layers (e. g. paints) and inorganic layers (e. g. enamel) wellknown as coating materials, so‐called inorganic‐organic hybrid polymers set out to combine the advantages of both coating groups. For the manufacture of such hybrid materials functional particles with sizes of a few nanometers – so‐called nanoparticles – are synthesized in the sol‐gel process. The versatility of this procedure allows to cover an extreme variety of properties of the resulting layers. Thus, depending on their composition, sol gel coatings are suited as corrosion protection, as primer, as abrasion‐reducing coating or as easy‐to‐clean layer. A sufficient wetting and adhesion on vitually any substrate can be achieved by proper choice of functional groups and pretreatment steps.     

Comparison of properties of coatings produced by laser cladding and conventional methods

Abstract

Wear resistant coatings of hardfacing alloys can be produced with powders by using various techniques such as laser cladding (LC), plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), etc. The properties of coatings applied using these techniques differ slightly owing to the manufacturing process, despite having the same chemical composition. The coating microstructures and properties (such as hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance) of nickel base hardfacing alloys produced by LC, PTA welding, and APS have been studied. Estimates of realistic coating thickness, coating rate, powder consumption, and the influence of temperature on the substrate material during LC, PTA welding, and APS are given.

MST/1696     

Preparation,properties and chemistry of glass- and glass-ceramic-to-metal seals and coatings

An overview is given outlining the materials and technologies that have been employed in the preparation of glass- and glass-ceramic-to-metal seals and coatings. Metal/non-metal bonding theories are summarized, and the conditions required for the formation of strong chemical bonding are described and discussed. Particular reference is given to the interfacial chemistry involved for individual glass/metal and glass-ceramic/metal combinations. The major factors responsible for the preparation of high-quality seals and coatings, free from porosity and other undesirable defects, are also outlined and discussed. In addition, a number of applications for seals and coatings are briefly described.     

Properties of Al2O3 nano-particle reinforced copper matrix composite coatings prepared by pulse and direct current electroplating

Cu–Al₂O₃ nano-composite coatings have high potential for use in applications in which high mechanical properties together with high corrosion resistance are required. In the present study it is intended to produce copper nano-alumina composite coatings with various nano-alumina contents in order to investigate the effect of alumina reinforcement particles on corrosion resistance and mechanical properties such as hardness and wear resistance. The composite coatings were deposited using direct current (DC) and pulse current (PC) plating. The microstructures of the coatings produced from both methods were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The wear behaviors, micro hardness, coating thickness, corrosion rate and coating porosity were examined using appropriate methods. Compared to DC deposition, PC plating facilitated higher amounts of particle incorporation with more uniform distribution. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of the applied coatings with incorporated nano-alumina reinforcement were far more superior as compared to its own matrix as well as non-composite copper coatings. It was also found out that increasing the amount of nano-alumina content in the coating, led to enhanced general properties of the coatings.     

ELECTROPHORETIC COATINGS FOR ADVANCED MATERIALS

We have electrophoretically deposited a variety of coatings for a number of applications. We have also worked extensively with a process for electrophoretically depositing styrene acrylate polymer coatings. These coatings provide useful corrosion protection and dielectric properties for capacitors and electrical insulation. Dielectric breakdown strengths in the order of 1000 V/micrometer have been observed for capacitors with this coating as the dielectric. Various particles have also been dispersed in the electrolyte; these mixtures yield composite coatings of unusual materials such as fissile uranium in a carbon matrix. The process can also be adapted to form very thin, free-standing styrene acrylate films or pellicles. We have also explored the feasibility of depositing a variety of colloidal inorganic particles from liquid suspensions. Our results show that isopropanol works relatively well as a dispersing medium for a large number of powders. Isopropanol slurries can be used to deposit a number of uniform ceramic or glass coatings on metal substrates. Important coating considerations with regard to whether useful coatings can be deposited using this latter type of electrophoretic process include: (1) the average size, size distribution, and shape of the particles, (2) the charge assumed by the powder particles when they are dispersed in a liquid such as isopropanol, and (3) the coefficients of thermal expansion of the substrate and the coating material from the standpoint of the heat treatment or sintering required to obtain sufficient cohesion and adhesion.