重视潮汐电站的开发与利用

分析了潮汐电站发展的内外环境,并就中国的实际情况提出应加快潮汐电站的开发与利用。     

小型潮汐电站方案设计

本文分析了我国现有潮汐电站的运行情况及常用水轮发电机组的不足之处，介绍了新型全贯流式水轮发电机组及其增速机构，提高了可节省投资约１／３，带浮动闸板的退潮单向发电潮汐电站方案。     

关于我国潮汐能资源和潮汐电站建议情况

水环境中砷以无机砷（Ａｓ＾３＋、Ａｓ＾５＋）为主，也存在少量的有机砷。Ａｓ＾３＋毒性大，是引起砷中毒发病的主要致病因子。海洋生物富集砷，海产食品含较多的有机砷，但至今尚未见到因食海产品而致砷中毒的报告。砷中毒临术上以掌跖角化和皮肤色素异常为基本表现，其他临床表现各地差异较大。砷中毒丙区癌发病较多，但动物实验尚示能确认其致癌性。Ａｓ＾３＋可抑制细胞对致癌物引起的ＤＮＡ损伤修补，从而加强致癌因子作用，     

大连市建设潮汐电站的可行性分析

介绍当前国内能源形势,综述潮汐发电的基本原理、站址选择原则、电站效益和发展前景,并以辽宁省大连市为例分析其建设潮汐电站的条件。文章指出,潮汐发电将在未来我国的能源结构中占有一席之地,在大连市建设潮汐电站是可行的,并推荐三处宜建电站的海湾以供选择。     

及早决策,兴建我省大型潮汐电站

一、世界各国竞相发展潮汐发电浩瀚的海洋蕴藏着巨大的潮汐能。一些潮汐能资源丰富的国家,利用潮汐能来发电的研究很活跃。早在1919年,美国、加拿大开始研究芬地湾潮汐发电站,1948年成立了研究开发芬地湾的联合委员会,做了几年的调查研究,提出了一个双库开发方案的报告。     

潮汐电站水轮机过流部件的腐蚀及防护

潮汐电站水轮机过流部件的腐蚀影响着电站的安全稳定运行。文中分析了电化学腐蚀和空蚀两种主要腐蚀的机理,并结合江厦潮汐试验电站介绍了国内外潮汐电站的先进防护技术。     

潮汐电站能量计算

潮汐能和常规水能一样,是一种取之不尽、用之不竭的可再生性能源。在日益提倡发展清洁能源的今天,潮汐能的开发显得尤为重要。潮汐电站电量的正确计算是进行潮汐电站经济财务评价的基础环节,并对电站的开发建设及运行调度提供理论依据。     

Problems of hydrogen application in space power plants and power propulsion plants

Application of hydrogen is a necessary condition to achieve acceptable power and overall-dimensional characteristics of space power and propulsion plants. Some functional elements as part of the plants require protection from hydrogen, which is provided by construction and technological preparation of materials. For subsequent improvement of the plants, it is necessary to look for materials with low hydrogen penetrability in the temperature range of 800–2500 K and also for protective coatings on graphite for conditions of thermocycling in the range of 300–2100 K.     

几种类型发电公司环境成本核算的分析研究

在自由的电力市场条件下,发电厂的环境成本将会被纳入发电成本,成为影响市场竞争力的重要因素。为了比较不同电源的环境成本对电价的影响程度,应用环境经济学理论分别对燃煤发电、天然气发电以及核能发电的环境成本进行了核算和比较。     

等离子堆焊技术在电站阀门中的应用

在介绍等离子粉末堆焊技术的原理及特点的基础上,阐述其与其它堆焊方式对比的优越性。通过堆焊Co基合金的方式显著提高了阀门密封面耐磨损、耐腐蚀性能及高温性能,延长了使用寿命,节省贵重材料,并降低了产品成本。     

挪威水电资源的开发和利用

挪威号称 水电之国 ,其电力的99.7%为水电,已有100多年水电开发的历史,水电使挪威从一个贫困国家发展成为一个现代化工业国家.挪威在水电开发技术上,广泛采用隧洞引水及地下式厂房、隧洞不衬砌、气垫式调压室、水下岩塞爆破等技术,大大降低了电站建设费用;在水电资源的利用上,通过建立电力市场、进行跨国电力交换,使水电资源得到优化配置和更充分利用;同时特别注意水资源的保护,使水资源在整体上发挥社会、经济、环境和生态的综合效益.挪威水电资源的开发利用技术和管理经验对我国的水电开发具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Maximum fluid power condition in solar chimney power plants – An analytical approach

Main features of a solar chimney power plant are a circular greenhouse type collector and a tall chimney at its centre. Air flowing radially inwards under the collector roof heats up and enters the chimney after passing through a turbo-generator.The objective of the study was to investigate analytically the validity and applicability of the assumption that, for maximum fluid power, the optimum ratio of turbine pressure drop to pressure potential (available system pressure difference) is 2/3. An initial power law model assumes that pressure potential is proportional to volume flow to the power m, where m is typically a negative number between 0 and −1, and that the system pressure drop is proportional to the power n, where typically n = 2. The analysis shows that the optimum turbine pressure drop as fraction of the pressure potential is (n − m)/(n + 1), which is equal to 2/3 only when m = 0, implying a constant pressure potential, independent of flow rate. Consideration of a basic collector model proposed by Schlaich leads to the conclusion that the value of m is equal to the negative of the collector floor-to-exit efficiency. A more comprehensive optimization scheme, incorporating the basic collector model of Schlaich in the analysis, shows that the power law approach is sound and conservative.It is shown that the constant pressure potential assumption (m = 0) may lead to appreciable underestimation of the performance of a solar chimney power plant, when compared to the analyses presented in the paper. More important is that both these analyses predict that maximum fluid power is available at much lower flow rate and much higher turbine pressure drop than predicted by the constant pressure potential assumption. Thus, the constant pressure potential assumption may lead to overestimating the size of the flow passages in the plant, and designing a turbine with inadequate stall margin and excessive runaway speed margin. The derived equations may be useful in the initial estimation of plant performance, in plant performance analysis and in control algorithm design. The analyses may also serve to set up test cases for more comprehensive plant models.     

动力电池二次利用关键参数识别研究综述

利用参数识别技术对退役动力电池进行分选,实现退役电池的二次利用。研究二次利用前动力电池的性能状况,对电池的剩余容量、剩余寿命、电池的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)、电荷健康度(state of health,SOH)等影响电池性能的参数进行识别,并根据获取的相关数据来评估退役电池组当前状态下的性能,预测电池的剩余寿命,为动力电池二次利用的参数识别提供理论依据。     

火电厂海水烟气脱硫的探讨

海水烟气脱硫是仅用天然的海水作为烟气中SO2吸收剂的一种湿式烟气脱硫方法。基于国内外海水脱硫的实践，分析了海水脱硫的机理，并对其工艺进行论述，指出其特点和注意的问题。     

Cost analysis of solar chimney power plants

Several cost models for large-scale solar chimney power plants are available in the literature. However, the results presented vary significantly, even in cases where the input parameters and the used models are supposedly very similar. The main objective of this paper is to clarify this matter by comparing previous cost models to a newly developed alternative model. Further, the impact of carbon credits on the levelised electricity cost is also investigated.A reference plant is introduced, with dimensions and financial parameters chosen specifically for the purpose of making the results of this analysis comparable to those of previous publications. Cost models are presented for the main components of a solar chimney power plant, i.e. the collector, the chimney and the power conversion unit. Results show that previous models may have underestimated the initial cost and levelised electricity cost of a large-scale solar chimney power plant. It is also shown that carbon credits significantly reduce the levelised electricity cost for such a plant.     

Comprehensive exergetic and economic comparison of PWR and hybrid fossil fuel-PWR power plants

A typical 1000 MW Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant and two similar hybrid 1000 MW PWR plants operate with natural gas and coal fired fossil fuel superheater-economizers (Hybrid PWR-Fossil fuel plants) are compared exergetically and economically. Comparison is performed based on energetic and economic features of three systems. In order to compare system at their optimum operating point, three workable base case systems including the conventional PWR, and gas and coal fired hybrid PWR-Fossil fuel power plants considered and optimized in exergetic and exergoeconomic optimization scenarios, separately. The thermodynamic modeling of three systems is performed based on energy and exergy analyses, while an economic model is developed according to the exergoeconomic analysis and Total Revenue Requirement (TRR) method. The objective functions based on exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses are developed. The exergetic and exergoeconomic optimizations are performed using the Genetic Algorithm (GA). Energetic and economic features of exergetic and exergoeconomic optimized conventional PWR and gas and coal fired Hybrid PWR-Fossil fuel power plants are compared and discussed comprehensively.