有限资源约束的产品开发多项目协同排程

针对有供应商参与的大批量制造企业产品协同开发特点,分析了多项目协同计划编制与设计资源在不同需求、不同时段、有无冲突等状态下的匹配情况,建立了多项目协同计划编制与资源颗粒约束匹配模型和实现算法,针对常见的计划与资源颗粒匹配时的无前置计划、有前置计划、计划与资源冲突等三种情况,提出了一种基于有限设计资源约束的新产品开发多项目协同计划编制方法,并用一实例对所建模型和计划编制方法进行了验证,证明提出的方法是可行的。     

A new generation of cooperative development paradigm in the tool and die making branch: strategy and technology

To keep up with the changed corporate strategy and sourcing strategy of customers, the tool and die industry is more than ever obliged to improve its development strategy and justify its role within the value chain. The main aims of this research are to (1) comprehend, formalize and explore the new cooperation relationship between product customers and tool and die suppliers based on the rational principles of early supplier involvement (ESI); and (2) develop a new generation of cooperative development strategy, which can provide a powerful tool for a stronger integration of tool maker into the process chain of product development. Making use of EDEN™ software, a supporting environment to implement the new cooperative development strategy in tool and die making branch has been established. The implementation environment comprises three components: enterprise design, product and tool development, as well as benchmarking, which can provide a comprehensive support to cooperative development in the tool and die making branch, not only initial implementation support but more importantly a means to sustain and continuously improve the proposed cooperative development strategy. Individual industrial cases already reveal the potential of this new generation of cooperative development paradigm, which has enlightened that the future tool maker is a highly and competent partner along the value chain of the entire product life cycle.     

Towards a framework to manage formalised exchanges during collaborative design

New organizational frameworks for companies dealing with product development are required for the new market rules as for the rising pressure and complexity in product and process development. Thus, the new stake is to examine new methods of leading design activities as the cooperative design that deals with the sharing of various interests and resources among various actors, with the aim of reaching a common purpose. The latter lay on the development of products by means of knowledge sharing and interactions with a certain level of coordination between these varied activities. Embedded into the IPPOP research project perspectives, this paper focus on the particular collaborative situation of conflict management occurring during design activities. From an analysis of the conflict management domain, we shall specify a collaborative design framework dedicated to conflict handling thanks to one specification method based on the UML language. The specified solving process is applied on a real-life industrial case: a windmill stator sheet design. The design context of the artefact is exposed and the met conflicts are explained. Extracts of IPPOP demonstrator's graphical user interfaces, illustrating these collaborative aspects of the software application are then presented. They show the ability of the demonstrator to run the conflict solving process and to subscribe relevant actors in this process as well as filers to track pertinent past solutions suitable for the current problem.     

基于约束的并行工程产品开发过程规划

本文分析了并行工程产品开发过程中约束的特点，探讨了不同类型约束对产品开发过程规划的不同影响，提出了基于设计约束的过程规划原理推理算法，开发过程活动的划分算法和信息预发布点的选取准则；从整个产品生命周期角度，给出了基于约束的产品开发过程规划的方法和步骤。     

Robust design based on constraint networks

This paper describes a robust design method using constraint networks. As opposed to the traditional statistical robust methodology, the proposed method gives a valid model to analyze parameter uncertainties so as to predict conflicts in concurrent design. The mathematical model, which reflects the requirements of robust design, is given in the paper. A general consistency algorithm is designed using interval arithmetic to refine the intervals. This paper also proves that the consistency algorithm is arc consistent if the constraint network is integrated. The constraint network uses the consistency algorithm to verify the design process early in the process and to assist the designers in determining design variables to reduce the multidisciplinary iterations in concurrent design. The quantitative effect of downstream constraints can be analyzed before determining design parameters and potential conflicts can be predicted. A layout design example shows the validity of the method.     

A process model for interactive systems

Designing user interfaces and designing computational software are very different processes. The differences lead to late discovery of design conflicts, which drives up development costs. A unifying methodology that could provide early discovery and resolution of design conflicts must account for the governing principles of both processes. Disciplined long-term investigation of candidate methodologies requires that these governing principles be fixed and that evolving development methods comprising each process be accommodated. This article describes an application of general systems theory to integrate these principles, proposes a process model that fixes them as explicit elements of a process program, argues the feasibility of the model and its worthiness for further study, and describes its initial implementation.     

Detecting and resolving conflicts among cooperating human and machine-based design agents

The design of complex artifacts is fundamentally a cooperative process, with the detection and resolution of conflicts between design agents playing a central role. Effective tools for supporting the conflict management process, however, are still lacking. These tools, in general, do not support task-level interaction or encode significant expertise about how to detect and resolve conflicts. This paper described an implemented computer-based system called DCSS (the Design Collaboration Support System) for supporting conflict detection and resolution among cooperating human and machine-based design agents that avoid these limitations. Design agents describe their design actions and rationale to DCSS in terms of a task-level model of the cooperative design process; human designers use a direct-manipulation graphical interface for this purpose. DCSS uses a body of domain-independent expertise to help the agents detect and resolve conflicts among them. The system has been used successfully by human designers to design Local Area Networks in cooperation with other human and machine-based designers. This paper described DCSSs underlying model and implementation, gives examples of its operation, and evaluates its strengths, weaknesses and potential for future growth.     

基于智能Agent的产品协同设计开放式集成开发平台研究

在分析产品集成设计开发平台的基础上，提出了一种产品协同设计的六级层次开发模型，讨论了面向协同设计过程管理的智能Agent结构工作模式，提出并分析了产品协同设计开放式集成开发平台的分布式体系结构及其主要功能模块。     

Geometric skeleton computation enabling concurrent product engineering and assembly sequence planning

This paper introduces a novel modelling approach to geometric skeleton computation enabling concurrent product engineering and assembly sequence planning. Current engineering vision has recently moved towards new modelling and management paradigms to maintain competitive edges all along the product lifecycle. Consistent with concurrent engineering and design for X stakes, this recent shift promotes cross-X and knowledge-intensive philosophies in the product development process, principally focused on lifecycle engineering.The main objective of this research is to integrate assembly process engineering information and knowledge in the early phases of the product development process in a top-down and proactive manner, in order to provide a geometric skeleton-based assembly context for designers. The definition of the product and its related assembly sequence requires both the enhancement and the entire understanding of product relationships between the various product components, and its related assembly rationale. As a consequence, this new modelling approach highlights the need to integrate various stakeholders’ viewpoints involved in the beginning of the product lifecycle. In such a context, earlier work has achieved the early generation of an optimal assembly sequence in the product development process, before the product geometry is completely defined. As a result, previous research has made possible to control and bind the product modelling phase through an assembly oriented product structure.The aim of the proposed approach is to compute and define a geometric skeleton model based on product relational information and the early-defined assembly sequence. The proposed approach–called SKeLeton geometry-based Assembly Context Definition (SKL-ACD)–enables the control of the product modelling phase by introducing skeleton entities consistent with product relationships and assembly sequence planning information. A prototype application within a CAD tool has been developed for aiding geometric skeleton computation and generation. Lastly, an industrial case study is introduced to highlight the feasibility and the relevance of the proposed modelling approach.     

基于优化算法的冲突仲裁策略

该文提出了一种基于优化算法的冲突仲裁策略。在约束网络支持的并行设计过程中，建立了冲突仲裁的数学模型，设计了反映冲突严重程度的指标，并针对该指标利用基因算法进行优化求解。与以往的冲突解决方法不同，该方法利用设计参数区间的可扩展性，找到了制约设计问题的瓶颈，以最小的设计区间损失争取到最佳设计指标，从而达到有效解决冲突的目的。与约束网络相配合，该方法能够在并行设计的初期就监控设计过程，提早解决冲突以避免后期出现大返工。文中最后利用了转向架的设计实例说明了该方法的有效性。     

Computing Completion Time and Optimal Scheduling of Design Activities in Concurrent Product Development Process

This paper proposes a time-computing model and a scheduling method for shortening the completion time of product development under the given rework cost budget. As overlapping and iteration exist between or among design activities in concurrent product development, predictability and efficiency of the process deserve attention. By using the corresponding design structure matrix, the characteristics of information flow are obtained and applied to analysis of the dynamic behavior of the product development process. A time-computing model is set up to estimate the rework cost and completion time of each of the activities, between which both iteration and overlapping are observed. Through sequential quadratic programming, an optimization algorithm is developed for minimizing the development completion time under the constraint of the given rework cost budget. Our application results acquired from our experiments have verified the feasibility and validity of the approach.     

产品的多感知设计过程原型系统

文章构造了具有双重演进过程的产品多感知设计过程原型系统MPF-DPMS,它提供一个虚拟的共享环境,使设计参与者既可以有效地管理设计过程,又可以通过捕捉其感知信息系统地处理冲突。并阐述了应用模型进行产品设计的全过程。     

A Methodology for Structural Conflict Resolution in the Integration of Entity-Relationship Schemas

The integration ofinf ormation systems is becoming increasingly important. A common requirement in distributed data-intensive applications, such as data warehousing and data mining, is that the various databases involved be joined in a process called schema integration. The entity-relationship (ER) model or a variant of the ER model is often used as the common data model. To aid the schema conforming, merging and restructuring phases of the integration process, various transformations have been defined to map between various equivalent ER representations. In this paper, we describe a different approach to integrate ER schemas. We focus on the resolution of structural conflicts, that is, when related real-world concepts are modeled using different constructs in different schemas. Unlike previous work, our approach proposes to resolve the structural conflict between an entity type in one schema and an attribute in another schema and show that the other structural conflicts are automatically resolved. This reduces the manual effort required in integration. We give a detailed algorithm to transform an attribute in one schema into an equivalent entity type in another schema without any loss of semantics, that is, our transformation is both information preserving and constraint preserving.     

一个基于图基约束集映射的参数化设计模型

文中提出了一个基于图基约束集映射的参数化设计模型 .对图基的概念作了阐述 .提出了一个适合于图基参数化的数据模型和约束集的多元组表示与映射方法 .给出了基于图基实例的约束求解方法和定位算法 ,并对计算方法作了归纳 .在此基础上 ,给出了一个基于图基的一致联动方法 .实践证明 ,基于图基联动的设计方法摆脱了传统的基于点、线、圆、圆弧低层次线素繁琐的交互设计工作 ,提高了 CAD系统的自动化程度 ,使设计人员对产品的设计、维护以及后续分析等过程都具有十分重要的意义 .     

分布式冲突检测系统的研究与实现

提出一种支持并行设计的分布式冲突检测方法,设计并开发分布式冲突检测系统。该系统以约束网络的一致性区间求解算法为核心,通过计算约束网络中各设计参数的可行域区间,可以有效地检测产品设计过程中的冲突。软件系统采用B/S结构,以支持地理分布的协同设计团队的设计工作,并以铁路列车某型转向架工程设计为例验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于扩展有向图的产品参数化模型的研究与实现

文章提出了基于扩展有向图的产品参数化模型,将各类约束在形式上利用对象及相关概念统一起来,利用扩展的有向图表示设计对象及对象间的约束关系。对于有环的有向图,在正向约束求解的基础上,引入了反向约束求解,局部调整的机制。模型的主要思想是:求解过程中利用对象本身所具有的性质进行充分推理、判断,在此基础上进行约束的最小方程组计算。     

Multiple views system to support awareness for cooperative design

It is acknowledged that multiple views technology improves designer’s work efficiency by filtering redundant information. However, the increased need of cooperative activities in product design process requires views incorporating Cooperative awareness information (CAI), content of which should be lean for understanding and sortable according to importance. To achieve this target, this paper proposes an Object-based cooperative awareness model (OBCWM) and corresponding multiple views system. Requirements of CAI in product design are firstly analyzed. Then OBCWM is proposed, which consists of a CPM (Core product model) based concept framework. By use of CPM, an algorithm to calculate awareness intensity is developed based on object-oriented method. To support the mechanism of OBCWM, a multiple views system is then designed with “flexible view”, content of which is adjustable according to awareness intensity between CAI objects. After introduction to the system, application on a case is presented, followed by the evaluation of this system.     

基于手势和草图的概念设计协同交互的研究

基于手势和草图的交互模式提供了一种自然和谐的方式来支持概念设计协同操作,促进协同工作系统的发展与应用．基于以用户为中心的设计,比较了不同方式的概念设计过程,提出了基于手势和草图的协同设计方法,进一步讨论了以草图为设计过程中的信息载体,分析了草图信息模型;基于手势操作,提出了协同上下文感知的概念和协同设计上下文描述模型;最后分析并给出面向同步编辑的草图交互设计和双向约束求解方法．所提出的协同设计方法自然简便,提高了设计效率,改善了人机交互方式．     

Conception Innovation Design System Based on PDM Framework

The system is based on the globally shared product model conforming to VRML Standard, and uses SmarTeam (PDM) system to integrate and encapsulate CAD, CAE and other application software for product development. The system takes sugarcane harvester? mobile telephone design analysis and evaluation as an example, and utilizes fuzzy evaluation principle to evaluate the design and simulation analysis results for decisions making. The platform provides a collaborative intelligent environment f…     

A collaboration model for new product development through the integration of PLM and SCM in the electronics industry

As customer requirements for high-tech products vary and become complicated, the lifecycle of these products becomes much shorter. In response to this market environment, many manufacturing companies have established a global simultaneous launch strategy for new products to occupy markets before competitors. In this process, careful scheduling of the global simultaneous launch strategy is critical. In particular, to meet the launch schedule for each country in which a new product will be released, a collaboration process among relevant departments must be prepared, and correct product information should be maintained among major cooperative work support systems according to new product development business processes. This paper suggests a collaboration model integrating product lifecycle management and supply chain management as an approach to supporting complicated new product development procedures. We use a practical case study to evaluate this model.