生态型高延性水泥基复合材料的高温损伤

为了研究生态型高延性水泥基复合材料(ECO-HDCC)在高温作用后的力学性能及损伤机理,研究了高温作用对混凝土抗压强度和对ECO-HDCC微观形貌和物相组成的影响。结果表明:300℃时ECO-HDCC抗压强度降低不明显;500℃时ECO-HDCC抗压强度损失率为32.6%～58.0%;800℃时ECO-HDCC抗压强度持续降低,损失率为58.9%～77.8%;1 100℃时ECO-HDCC无继续承载能力,损失率最高达92.5%。纤维熔化产生大量孔道和水化产物分解导致基体结构密实性降低,使ECO-HDCC抗压强度降低,也为ECO-HDCC在高温作用下形成的应力提供了释放通道,使ECO-HDCC在1 100℃高温作用下持续180min仍未发生爆裂。     

掺机制砂的高延性水泥基复合材料的制备

采用机制砂,经过人工破碎、筛分,研究不同的砂灰比对高延性水泥基复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,砂灰比(0.35~0.50):1时,水泥基材极限挠度超过17 mm、极限抗弯承载力接近8MPa;通过扫描电镜观察发现试件破坏断面处以纤维被拔出方式为主,以纤维拉断方式为辅,水泥基材呈现出明显的应变硬化行为和多缝开裂特征。     

高掺量粉煤灰高延性水泥基复合材料的制备和性能

高延性水泥基复合材料(hjgh ductility cementitious composites,HDCC)是一种具有应变硬化、多缝开裂和高延性等特性的新型纤维增强水泥基复合材料,其材料设计必须取得基体韧度、界面黏结和纤维特性三者的最优组合,因此,HDCC的制备必须优选原材料和优化配合比,以取得最优的材料制备技术.从配合比设计入手,研究了粉煤灰含量、胶砂比等对HDCC力学性能的影响,优化了特定材料下的材料制各技术.结果表明:粉煤灰含量、胶砂比和养护条件对HDCC的拉伸性能均具有较大的影响.随着粉煤灰掺量的增大,砂含量的降低,拉伸应变增大.当砂含量较高时,基体开裂韧度较高,基体的极限拉伸应力下对应的极限拉伸应变较小,然而随着应力的下降,复合材料仍然能维持相当大的应变·     

乌兰布和沙漠砂制备高延性水泥基复合材料的力学性能

使用内蒙古乌兰布和沙漠砂完全代替微石英砂配置了高延性水泥基复合材料(ECC),并以砂胶比为变量,对其抗压强度、抗拉强度、抗剪强度以及抗弯强度四个方面的力学性能展开了全面的研究。抗拉试验后进一步对纤维断面使用扫描电镜(SEM)进行了观测,并采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)方法研究了沙漠砂的物质组成。结果表明,以沙漠砂配置的ECC,在相同骨料含量的条件下,其抗压强度、抗拉强度、抗剪强度以及抗弯强度均与微石英砂配置的ECC接近,延性约为微石英砂ECC的一半。除抗剪强度外,沙漠砂ECC其他各项性能均随砂胶比增大而提高,优化配比设计的沙漠砂ECC延性能够达到微石英砂ECC的水平。     

高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料的微观力学设计、性能及发展趋势

高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料(ECC)是近20年发展起来的一种新型纤维增强水泥基复合材料。ECC在受力过程中,由于开裂处纤维的桥联作用以及纤维与基体间传递应力时裂缝能够稳定扩展,使得ECC表现出明显的多缝开裂特性和应变硬化行为。因此,ECC相对于传统的纤维增强水泥基复合材料具有更好的力学性能和耐久性。本文对ECC的微观力学设计理论、基本力学性能、耐久性以及工程应用进行了综述,介绍了4种具有特殊性能的新型ECC,最后就ECC所存在的材料选取、制备工艺和测试方法等方面的不足进行了评述和展望。     

3D打印高延性水泥基复合材料的单轴受拉和受压行为

为探究不同成型方式对聚乙烯(PE)高延性水泥基复合材料(ECC)单轴受拉及受压力学性能的影响,基于现浇和3D打印2种成型方式,测试了现浇ECC及打印ECC的轴心受拉及轴心抗压应力-应变关系曲线.结果 表明:3D打印成型方式使得试件的极限拉伸强度略有降低,拉伸延性却有大幅提升.纤维体积掺量不变的条件下,6 mm和12mm...     

高延性水泥基材料纤维分布及其影响因素研究进展

纤维在基体中的分布和取向情况对高延性水泥基材料(ECC)的应变硬化、多缝开裂、裂缝自愈合等特征具有显著影响。在归纳近年来有关ECC纤维分布研究的基础上,简要介绍了纤维分布的表征参数和方法,从微观和宏观的层面详细阐述了纤维分布对ECC材料力学性能的影响,从纤维本体特征、基材特征及成型工艺等3个方面重点分析了ECC纤维分布的关键影响因素。最后,对目前ECC纤维分布研究中存在的问题进行评述,并提出了对未来研究的建议。     

高吸水性树脂对高延性水泥基材料性能的影响

分别采用干拌与预吸水拌合两种方式将高吸水性树脂(SAP)加入高延性水泥基材料(ECC)浆体,分析不同掺量及拌合方式下SAP对ECC的极限拉伸应变、抗拉强度、约束收缩和韧性等性能的影响。结果表明：以干拌方式加入SAP可以显著提升ECC浆体的塑性黏度,降低浆体流动性,以预吸水拌合方式加入SAP会降低ECC浆体的塑性黏度,增加浆体流动性,更易于成型;以干拌方式加入SAP的ECC试件初裂强度和抗拉强度更高,韧性更优异,以预吸水拌合方式加入SAP的ECC试件极限拉伸应变更高,对约束收缩性能的改善效果更好;加入SAP可以明显提高ECC试件的拉伸应变能力和韧性,所有掺入SAP的ECC试件均具有良好的延性,极限拉伸应变均在3%以上,加入SAP的ECC试件极限拉伸应变相比对照组提高了62.0%～99.0%。     

现代水泥基复合材料

两种或者两种以上不同化学性质或不同组织相的物质,以微观或宏观的形式组合而形成的材料,均可称为复合材料。在工程上所称的复合材料主要是指一种材料以人工均匀地分散在另一种材料中,以克服单一材料的某些弱点,具有综合性能的材料。     

Nano-modification to improve the ductility of cementitious composites

Effect of nano-sized mineral additions on ductility of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) containing high volumes of fly ash was investigated at different hydration degrees. Various properties of ECC mixtures with different mineral additions were compared in terms of microstructural properties of matrix, fiber-matrix interface, and fiber surface to assess improvements in ductility. Microstructural characterization was made by measuring pore size distributions through mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Hydration characteristics were assessed using thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), and fiber-matrix interface and fiber surface characteristics were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) through a period of 90 days. Moreover, compressive and flexural strength developments were monitored for the same period. Test results confirmed that mineral additions could significantly improve both flexural strength and ductility of ECC, especially at early ages. Cheaper Nano-CaCO₃ was more effective compared to nano-silica. However, the crystal structure of CaCO₃ played a very important role in the range of expected improvements.     

应变强化纤维加强水泥基配筋复合材料的抗弯承载力模型

本文建立了钢筋一应变强化类高性能水泥基复合材料的抗弯承载力模型．传统的钢筋混凝土构件易开裂,耐久性差,高性能纤维加强水泥基复合材料强度较高,受拉时延性好,作为基体配置钢筋后,与相同配筋条件的混凝土梁相比,承载力和延性均提高．     

炭纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)的电磁性能

炭纤维增强水泥基复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites,CFRC)是新发展起来的一种电磁屏蔽材料,它是防止电磁污染的防护性功能材料之一。本文阐述了炭纤维增强水泥基复合材料的制备成型工艺;分析了炭纤维掺入量和长度、水灰比和密实成型制备工艺、炭纤维分散性、养护龄期、外加剂、炭纤维表面化学气相沉积(CVD)处理等因素对CFRC力学性能、导电性能、压敏性能及电磁性能的影响。合适的炭纤维掺入量和长度、炭纤维的均匀分散、合理的水灰比和炭纤维表面处理是影响CFRC导电性能和电磁性能的主要因素。CFRC对电磁波的屏蔽效果除利用屏蔽效能从反射电磁波角度衡量外,亦可从吸收电磁波角度利用反射率进行评价。     

Deformation and fracture behaviors of vinylester/fly ash composites

In this work, the deformation and fracture behaviors of a commercial vinylester resin reinforced with fly ash were investigated. Tensile, compressive, and fracture tests were performed on the matrix and the composites with different ash content. Most composites exhibited improved stiffness, tensile strength, and fracture properties in comparison to the vinylester matrix. From scanning electron microscopic analysis of fracture surfaces, the toughening mechanisms of crack pinning, crack deflection, particle debonding, and localized shear yielding were identified. In addition, the dependence of tensile and compressive modulus and fracture energy toward ash content was adequately fitted by simple models available in the literature. From the results of these models and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis, some interaction between vinylester and ash seemed to exist. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

氧化物-非氧化物复合耐火材料高温性能的研究

对氧化物-非氧化物复合材料(如ZCM-SiC,ZCM-BN,O’-Sialon-ZrO2,β-Sialon-Al2O3等)的高温性能(强度、抗热震性、抗氧化性等)进行了研究。结果表明(1)所研究的氧化物-非氧化物复合材料的高温强度明显优于碳结合材料的高温强度。(2)在氧化物基质中引入非氧化物,可提高材料的抗热震性。(3)在非氧化物基质中引入氧化物可明显改善材料的抗氧化性。     

Radial variations in fracture and acoustic emission of a thermic graphite electrode

For an extruded electrode graphite, grain orientation increases and porosity decreases with increasing radial distance from the centre of the log. Radial variation in grain orientation is produced during the extrusion stage of manufacture. The radial porosity gradient may be influenced partly by orientation of grains and also by the impregnation and baking stages of manufacture. Dynamic elastic modulus, flexural strength and critical stress intensity factor increase with distance from the centre of the log; these trends are related to the radial porosity gradient. Fracture toughness and the total number of acoustic emissions at fracture, σ_AE, are insensitive to graphite microstructure. Fracture of the graphite is non-linear and deviations from linear elastic fracture mechanics increase with distance from the centre of the log, a trend which is related to the radial porosity gradient. An empirical correlation between a non-ideal fracture parameter and σ_AE is demonstrated for the electrode graphite and three nuclear graphites.     

Influence of metallic properties on the fracture characteristics of Al2O3/Ti/Ni-laminated composites

The mutual confinement of ceramics and metals in laminated composites tends to change the original properties of ceramics and metals. In this study, two kinds of laminated composites, Al₂O₃/Ti and Al₂O₃/Ti/Ni, were prepared. Three-point bending experiments revealed that Al₂O₃/Ti underwent brittle fracture after elastic deformation. The fracture morphology analysis revealed that the Ti in Al₂O₃/Ti became brittle due to the formation of columnar crystals. The temperature gradient perpendicular to the direction of laminations during preparation was responsible for the formation of columnar crystals. The force–displacement curves of the Al₂O₃/Ti/Ni combine the properties of elastic deformation of ceramics and plastic deformation of metals. The reason why the Al₂O₃/Ti/Ni did not fracture completely in the bending experiments is that Ni maintained the toughness, and there is a good interfacial bond among Al₂O₃, Ti, and Ni. The indentation crack analysis revealed that cracks have long transverse propagation and short longitudinal propagation in both laminated composites. Finite element analysis revealed that this was due to compressive stress in the Al₂O₃ layer and tensile stress in the metal layer. This compressive stress consumes the crack energy in the longitudinal direction and stops the crack in the metal layer. The brittle to ductile gradient transition among Al₂O₃, Ti, and Ni, combined with the guidance of crack propagation direction by the interfacial layer, enhances the ability of Al₂O₃/Ti/Ni to resist damage.     

Mechanical properties,electrical resistivity and piezoresistivity of carbon fibre-based self-sensing cementitious composites

Carbon fibre (CF) is one of the most effective materials in improving the conductivity of the composites by developing a conductive network within the matrix, which also enhanced the piezoresistivity behaviour of the cementitious composites and has a potential application for structural health monitoring. A systematic study of the effect of sizing condition and fibre length on the piezoresistivity behaviour of cementitious composites by adopting unsized CF with the length of 3, 6 and 12 mm, and desized CF of 6 and 12 mm as functional fillers. Each type of CF was added at four different weight fractions of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7% to determine the optimal fibre content. Electrical resistivity and piezoresistivity tests were conducted for samples before and after drying treatment to evaluate the effect of water content on electrical properties. Besides, fresh properties of the fresh mixture, mechanical properties and microstructure of the composites were also investigated. Results showed that unsized CF is more effective in enhancing composites flexural strength and reducing the electrical resistivity, which also showed a stronger bonding with the cement matrix and also demonstrated a better dispersive ability. In terms of piezoresistivity behaviour, for a given fibre length, desized CF showed higher sensitivity and repeatability compared to unsized CF; however, the signals showed more noise. The best piezoresistivity behaviour was obtained for composites containing 3 mm CF at 0.7 wt%, which showed a fractional change in resistivity (FCR) value of approximately 70%. An equation was developed, which can successfully describe the relationship between the FCR of cementitious composites containing CF and the applied external stress.     

The fracture properties of metal-ceramic composites manufactured via stereolithography

In this work, metal-ceramic composite parts based on aluminum and alumina were manufactured in a two-stage process. First, silica was printed using a vat photopolymerization technique, followed by a curing and sintering stage, which resulted in ceramic precursors. Subsequently, these samples were subjected to a metal infiltration process to form interpenetrating metal-ceramic composites (IPCs). These composites have attracted considerable attention in the aerospace and defense sector due to the ductility associated to the metal phase and the strength offered by the ceramics. A novel application with utility includes composite tooling which requires a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for high temperatures. The investigated specimens were tested for surface quality and shrinkage, followed by a mechanical characterization. It was recorded that the samples presented a 12%–18% of shrinkage after the sintering process. The mechanical testing showed that the hardness, compression, and flexural strength of the composites were superior to the printed and sintered ceramics. A thermal analysis on the composite showed that its CTE is more than two times lower than the common composite tooling materials. It is expected that the present work can provide the foundations for further studies on these systems in the refractory, automotive, and armor-based fields.     

Tensile fracture and failure behavior of technical flax fibers

The apparent tensile strength of technical flax fibers was determined in single‐fiber tests at various clamping lengths (20, 40, and 80 mm) and the outcome was compared with literature data. It was demonstrated that the strength of flax at each clamping length obeyed the two‐parameter Weibull model. The failure mode and sequence were studied in situ (i.e., during loading) by SEM and acoustic emission (AE). The failure sequence (axial splitting of the technical fiber along its elementary constituents, radial cracking of the elementary fibers, multiple fracture of the elementary fibers) concluded reflected the hierarchical build‐up of the flax bast fibers. To the above failure events AE amplitude ranges were assigned. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3638–3645, 2003