韶关市地下水资源研究

韶关市位于广东省北部，地貌以中山、低山、丘陵及岩溶准平原为主。地下水有基岩裂隙水 、岩溶水及松散岩类孔隙水三大类。对其进行天然资源量、可开采资源量、可有效开采资源量、储存资源量及开采潜力评价，认为韶关市地下水资源分布极不均匀，含水量一般为贫乏—中等，局部丰富，可开采潜力为中等—大。岩溶盆地区地下水适宜采用群井开采和作为集中供水水源地。      

地下水资源可开采量评价方法概述

根据实际开采量调查法、开采系数法、地下水运动模型法、均衡开采量法、开采试验法、开采强度法、类比法等,叙述了对平原地区地下水可开采量的评价;从岩溶山区岩溶裂隙溶洞水、山间盆地及山间河谷松散岩类孔隙水、一般山丘基岩裂隙水4个方面对山丘区地下水可开采量的评价进行了探讨,为不同类型地区地下水资源可开采量评价提供了必要的技术思路和计算方法。     

徐州市张集水源地裂隙岩溶水三维等参有限元数值模拟

基于徐州市张集水源地裂隙岩溶水贮存和运动特征 ，建立了三维有限元数学模型，利用等参有限元方法求解，并根据大型群孔干扰抽水试验资 料，识别模型参数，进一步对裂隙岩溶水资源的开采方案进行了评价，得到结论如下：(1) 模型具有较高的精度，适合于张集水源地裂隙岩溶水资源评价；(2)张集水源地的允许开采 量为13.71万m3/d，这一数值是有保证的；(3)在年降水量大于846.4mm(该区历史上降水 量偏 低的10年的年平均降水量)的年份，允许开采量可增大。上述结论为水源地开采提供了依据 ，同时对条件类似地区的地下水资源评价具有重要的参考价值。     

北京岩溶水勘查开发的现状与思考

回顾了北京地区岩溶水开发的历史,简述了各岩溶水分布区的特征与当前的开发规模。在南水北调中线工程通水推迟到2014年的形势下,相比较2.5亿m3/a的开采量,北京的岩溶水仍具有一定开采潜力,是进一步保障北京城市供水安全的有力补充。探讨了在当前应急条件下,应当加强多种技术的联合运用,以查清岩溶系统的边界,阐明岩溶水的运动规律,评价可采资源量,提出2~3处岩溶水水源地靶区。此外,指出在开发过程中应当特别注意预防伴生灾害,加强岩溶水的保护以可持续利用。     

“十一五”期间淮北市裂隙岩溶水环境情况分析

通过收集淮北市裂隙岩溶水的监测数据和化学检测结果分析"十一五"期间淮北市裂隙岩溶水环境情况。结果表明:"十一五"期间裂隙岩溶水水位较上一个五年水位有所上升;淮北供水水源地裂隙岩溶水水质略变好,二电厂水源地裂隙岩溶水水质良好;裂隙岩溶水水温较为稳定。导致水质及水量变化的原因是,地下水开采量减少。此监测结果可为裂隙岩溶水开发利用提供参考。     

莱芜市地下岩溶水超采探究

莱芜市地处鲁中南低山丘陵碳酸盐岩类为主水文地质区,肥城一沂源单斜断陷水文地质亚区,莱芜盆地裂隙岩溶、孔隙弱—强富水地段。地下水类型有孔隙水、裂隙水、层间岩溶裂隙水、裂隙岩溶水四大类。莱芜市近几年地下水观测资料表明：莱芜市已开采的地下水中,孔隙水无超采,在资源开发利用方面亦不存在超采现象。     

焦作矿区裂隙岩溶水优势流形成机理研究

本文根据优势面分析原理对焦作矿区裂隙岩溶水优势流形成机理进行了比较系统地研究，分析了优势结构面控水特征和规律。抽水试验实例以及数值模拟结果均表明裂隙岩溶水运动存在优势流，利用综合优势判断裂隙岩溶水优势流方法实用、可行。结论对于基岩矿坑涌水量数值计算或用数值法进行裂隙岩溶水资源评价时参数正确分区具有重要的参考价值。     

GASAPF方法在徐州市裂隙岩溶水资源管理模型中的应用

本文首次将GASAPF(基于遗传算法的模拟退火罚函数方法)应用于求解条件复杂的、大面积的徐州市裂隙岩溶水资源管理模型。徐州市是以裂隙岩溶水作为主要供水水源的工业城市，针对徐州市地下水长期无节制开采和管理不善而引起的多种环境地质问题，建立了研究区裂隙岩溶水资源的管理模型，并运用GASAPF方法求解，为今后合理开采研究区裂隙岩溶地下水资源提供了科学依据。同时通过分析优化结果的合理性，进一步证明GASAPF方法适用于条件复杂的大面积地下水资源的优化管理，完善和验证了GASAPF方法的实用性。最后，根据本次研究经验指出了GASAPF方法求解复杂系统管理模型时需要注意的问题。     

煤矿开采对洪山泉域的影响

文章介绍了洪山泉域概况及洪山泉1995—2018年间的流量变化过程,在分析泉域地层构造和水文地质条件以及泉域煤矿地质和泉域煤矿带压开采区的基础上,评价了煤矿开采对洪山泉域岩溶地下水系统的影响。结果表明：煤矿开采改变了地下含水层结构与泉域下垫面条件,对岩溶地下水补给、径流、排泄条件造成破坏;采煤形成的裂缝会不同程度地导入煤系地层上覆各含水层,地下水沿导水裂隙下渗进入矿井形成矿井水排出地表,将造成岩溶水补给量减少,影响对岩溶含水层的正常补给。     

大型抽水试验在就城电厂水源地裂隙岩溶水资源评价中的应用

为了保证永城电厂水源地地下水资源的评价精度，对隐伏的寒武－－奥陶系灰岩裂隙岩溶水进行大型抽水试验，大型抽水试验查明了奥陶系岩裂隙岩溶含水层组的水地质条件，为精确评价该水层组水资源量提供了可靠的依据。     

Assessment of Sustainable Yield of Karst Water in Huaibei,China

This paper presents the assessment of sustainable yield in the Huaibei karst water area of Anhui province, China. A review of sustainable yield definition is introduced first in this paper, and sustainable development in karst areas is more difficult due to the complicated hydrogeologic conditions. General hydrogeology of the study area is provided to characterize hydraulic connections between the karst aquifer and an overlying porous aquifer. Groundwater level declines continuously due to over-exploitation of the karst groundwater, and two layers of groundwater dropping funnel were formed in Huaibei. These problems not only threaten the eco-geo-environment, but also compromise the water utilization which depends on the shallow porous water. A “critical water level” is proposed in this study to assess the sustainable yield, and it is determined by the historical exploitation data which represent the relationship between the karst water and the shallow porous water uses. A three layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is used to understand the complex relationship of the karst water level and its influencing factors. Precipitation, exploitation and water level of latest period are chosen as the input nodes, seasonal records of water level are simulated by the ANN model. The sustainable yield is calculated by the trail-and-error adjusting method, and is equal to the pumping rate when the “critical water level” is maintained. The rate of 30.05 MCM/a is the sustainable yield for the Huaibei karst area in 2008, and it is less than the real pumping rate of 35.92 MCM/a. This assessment is meaningful to the management for the Huaibei karst water.     

孔隙承压水盆地超采评价与限采规划

为客观评价孔隙承压含水层的超采程度，以地下水资源的可循环再生能力作为可持续开采的约束，通过对各项补给的来源、途径和性质的分析，确定可持续开采量的构成。文中以安徽淮北平原西部孔隙承压水盆地超采评价为例，对上述过程进行阐述，结合承压水流系统的数值模型，评价研究区的可持续开采量和超采程度，并在此基础上，提出限采规划方案。     

皖北地区供水安全综合评价

从供水条件及潜力、实际供水保障、生态环境保障和抗风险能力四个方面,建立了适用于皖北地区供水安全评价指标体系,利用基于模糊层次分析法(FAHP)的层次模糊综合评价模型评价了皖北地区享阳、宿州、淮北、淮南、件埠、毫州六市的供水安全现状。结果表明,皖北地区供水安全现状总体处于一般和较不安全之间的水平,且抗风险能力最为薄弱。6市供水安全程度排序依次为淮南、件埠、毫州、宿州、淮北和享阳,其中享阳市为供水最不安全,并根据各市水资源状况提出安全供水方案。     

Management Strategy of Groundwater Resources and Recovery of Over-Extraction Drawdown Funnel in Huaibei City, China

Groundwater overexploitation is threatening our ecosystems and even the life of future generations. Once happens, elimination of the bad influence will be a long-term process. It should be a feasible approach to take the environmental recovery as a whole by the way of the groundwater management. A case study of water resources management in Huaibei city, within semiarid region of north Anhui province, China, was illustrated, especially on the issues of groundwater over-extraction drawdown funnel recovery. Taking into account the water demand for satisfying the urban development in the next 15 years, three target years of water resources planning were postulated as the present (2005), the short-term (2010) and the long-term (2020), respectively. Four hydrological years: wet year, mean year, dry year and extremely dry year, were also defined by the rainfall data for many years. A groundwater management model which could deal with twelve possible scenarios (3 target years of water resources planning ×4 hydrological years) was established based on simulation and optimization. The groundwater management model could optimize the strategies of water resources development, integrate various kinds of water sources, e.g. groundwater, surface water and additive water sources, and meet the water demand for the urban development within an area of Huaibei city. Importantly, in accordance with the groundwater management model solutions, the issues of groundwater over-extraction drawdown funnel, which has formed within the Huaibei downtown area for many years and lead to some environmental and social problems, would be solved over the whole planning period.     

Flood disaster monitoring based on Sentinel-1 data:A case study of Sihu Basin and Huaibei Plain,China

Summer floods occur frequently in many regions of China,affecting economic development and social stability.Remote sensing is a new technique in disaster monitoring.In this study,the Sihu Basin in Hubei Province of China and the Huaibei Plain in Anhui Province of China were selected as the study areas.Thresholds of backscattering coefficients in the decision tree method were calculated with the histogram analysis method,and flood disaster monitoring in the two study areas was conducted with the threshold method using Sentinel-1 satellite images.Through satellite-based flood disaster monitoring,the flooded maps and the areas of expanded water bodies and flooded crops were derived.The satellite-based monitoring maps were derived by comparing the expanded area of images during a flood disaster with that before the disaster.The difference in spatiotemporal distribution of flood disasters in these two regions was analyzed.The results showed that flood disasters in the Sihu Basin occurred frequently in June and July,and flood disasters in the Huaibei Plain mostly occurred in August,with a high interannual variability.Flood disasters in the Sihu Basin were usually widespread,and the affected area was between Changhu and Honghu lakes.The Huaibei Plain was affected by scattered disasters.The annual mean percentages of flooded crop area were 14.91% and 3.74% in the Sihu Basin and Huaibei Plain,respectively.The accuracies of the extracted flooded area in the Sihu Basin in 2016 and 2017 were 96.20% and 95.19%,respectively.     

安徽省干旱灾害风险区划研究

为提出区域旱灾风险应对措施提供依据,进一步推动干旱灾害防治区划研究,从风险管理角度定量评估和区划干旱灾害风险,以县级行政区为区划单元计算农业干旱灾害和因旱人饮困难风险度,并采用等分间距法开展农业干旱和因旱人饮困难风险区划,最后根据最不利原则确定干旱灾害综合风险区划。结果表明：安徽省农业干旱灾害高风险区主要集中在淮北平原北部地区和江淮分水岭地区;因旱人饮困难高风险区位于皖西皖南山区;城镇干旱灾害无高风险区;6个县级行政区干旱灾害综合为高风险区。风险区划成果有助于掌握安徽省干旱灾害风险分布情况,可为干旱灾害风险管理提供科学依据和技术支撑。     

试论茨淮新河水文化建设

茨淮新河是安徽省极具代表性的大型人工河道,以之为水源的茨淮新河灌区是安徽省淮北平原最大的灌区。针对新时期水利工程现代化改造和高质量发展的文化需求,在梳理茨淮新河水文化发展过程与特色基础上,分析了茨淮新河在水文化构建和宣传中存在的困境与原因, 提出结合水利工程建设与管理推进水文化建设的实施路径及措施建议。     

安微省淮北平原中层及深层孔隙地下水资源 计算与评价方法研究

本文就淮北平原中深层、深层孔隙型地下水资源的分布与开发利用现状问题，提出开展中深 层孔隙地下水资源评价工作的必要性与紧迫性，并就有关评价方法进行了分析与归纳。     

基于LUCC的安徽省生态系统价值时空变化分析

利用ArcGIS从安徽省2000,2005年和2010年遥感影像中提取土地利用类型数据,基于LUCC从服务强度和区位指数两个方面计算了安徽省各类土地利用类型的生态系统服务价值,并进一步分析了其时空变化。结果表明:土地类型分布上,安徽省北部平原地区(宿州、淮北等)为单一的耕地类型,南部(黄山等)和西部(六安等)为组合类型,由北到南呈现单一到多样的变化;安徽省生态系统服务价值2000~2010年期间减少了0.7%,耕地+湿地+森林的服务强度占全省的94.76%,其生态系统服务价值占全省的92.98%。安徽省各地市中,耕地、湿地和森林占的比重越大,生态系统服务价值就越大;土地利用变化是安徽省生态系统服务价值变化的主要因素。     

安徽省大型灌区多水源联合 运用技术探析

通过总结安徽省大型灌区水源利用现状,提出了对灌区水源联合运用模式与措施,着重对缺水严重的淮北平原灌区地表水与地下水的联合运用进行了探析,为灌区节水改造与续建配套规划提供参考。