晶体、薄膜及其它功能材料

４晶体、薄膜及其它功能材料９５２３４光学电压传感器用Ｂｉ＿４Ｇｅ＿３Ｏ＿（１２）单晶的电光效应──ＫａｍａｄａＯ．ＪｐｎＪＡｐｐＬＰｈｙｓＰａｒｔ１，１９９３；３２（９Ｂ）：４２８８～４２９１研究了与光学电压传感器的灵敏度相对应的Ｂｉ＿４Ｇｅ＿３Ｏ＿...     

掺杂硅酸铋晶体的生长及吸收光谱的研究

用提拉法生长了质量较高的Ａｌ∶Ｂｉ１２ＳｉＯ２０和Ｃｒ∶Ｂｉ１２ＳｉＯ２０（简称Ａｌ∶ＢＳＯ和Ｃｒ∶ＢＳＯ）晶体，测定了掺杂ＢＳＯ晶体的吸收光谱。首次发现：Ａｌ∶ＢＳＯ（摩尔比）为０．１％的晶体的透过率（８０％）远高于纯ＢＳＯ晶体的透过率（７０％）；Ｃｒ∶ＢＳＯ晶体中除Ｃｒ３＋外，还存在少量Ｃｒ４＋     

光折变晶体Bi12TiO20的折射率和光学均匀性的测量

本文报导光折变晶体Ｂｉ１２ＴｉＯ２０的折射率和光学均匀性的测量结果。     

用比较法测量声光介质的声光优值

扼要介绍了用比较法测量声光介质声光优值的基本原理、实验装置和试样制备等，并用这种方法测量了声光介质分别为声光玻璃和ＬｉＮｂＯ３、Ｂｉ１２ＧｅＯ２０、ＰｂＭｏＯ４、ＴｅＯ２单晶的声光优值。实验结果表明，采用这种方法可避开测量声光互作用区声功率的麻烦，简单而又方便地测量出声光介质的声光优值     

GSMBE原位生长SiGeHBT材料

采用ＧＳＭＢＥ工艺生长的单晶ＳｉＧｅＨＢＴ结构材料,经Ｘ射线双晶衍射,透射电镜和扩展电阻深度分布测量说明：该材料晶体完整性好,无应力弛豫,界面平整陡峭．发射区Ｎ型掺杂浓度２e１９～１e２０ｃｍ－３,厚度１００～２００ｎｍ;基区ＳｉＧｅ合金Ｇｅ组分０．０５～０．２０,Ｐ型掺杂浓度５e１８ｃｍ－３,厚度４０～１００ｎｍ;集电极浓度～１e１６ｃｍ－３．达到了生长ＳｉＧｅＨＢＴ材料的条件．     

Si_（0．5）Ge_（0．5）合金的热氧化物的研究

利用卢瑟福背散射（ＲＢＳ）、Ｘ光电子谱（ＸＰＳ）和俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ）分析，研究了Ｓｉ０．５Ｇｅ０．５合金在１０００℃下湿氧化所生成的氧化物的特征．结果表明：这种氧化物为双层结构．靠近表面的一层为（Ｓｉ，Ｆｅ）Ｏｘ混合层，在其下面是纯的ＳｉＯｘ层，Ｇｅ被排斥并堆积在ＳｉＯｘ／Ｓｉ０．５Ｇｅ０．５界面附近．在本实验条件下，（Ｓｉ，Ｇｅ）Ｏｘ层的厚度约为２５００Ａ，它的形成时间不足５分种．当氧化的时间延长时，ＳｉＯｘ的厚度随之增加，但（Ｓｉ，Ｇｅ）Ｏｘ的厚度几乎不变．还发现：在这些氧化物中，Ｓｉ２ｐ和Ｇｅ３     

用气态源分子束外延生长法制备Si/SiGe/Sinpn异质结双极晶体管

用气态源分子束外延法制备了Ｓｉ／ＳｉＧｅ／Ｓｉｎｐｎ异质结双极晶体管．晶体管基区Ｇｅ组分为０．１２,Ｂ掺杂浓度为１．５e１９ｃｍ－３,ＳｉＧｅ合金厚度约４５ｎｍ．直流特性测试表明,共发射极直流放大倍数约５０,击穿电压ＶＣＥ约９Ｖ;射频特性测试结果表明,晶体管的截止频率为７ＧＨｚ,最高振荡频率为２．５ＧＨｚ．     

Ge—SiO2光纤中光纤布喇格光栅的折射率结构

本文将Ｇｅ－ＳｉＯ２光纤中秀导色心的密度性能与在相同光纤中写入的光纤布喇格光栅（ＦＢＧ）相关联的折射率调制性能进行了比较。发现，光诱导出的ＧｅＥ色心与注量的关系、它的热退火性能以及它与Ｈ２的相互作用都与填Ｈ２和未填Ｈ２Ｇｅ－ＳｉＯ２光纤中形成的折射率调制性能相类似。填Ｈ２Ｇｅ－ＳｉＯ２光纤具有更强的光敏性，这是由于填Ｈ２Ｇｅ－ＳｉＯ２光纤中ＧｅＥ’色心形成效率更高的缘故，ＧｅＨ具有附加的贡献。此外     

Si1—x Gex／Si定向耦合器的研制

在运用ＳｉＧｅ脊形波导单模条件和有效折射率法分析ＳｉＧｅ／Ｓｉ定向耦合器结构参数基础上，采用分子束外延和各向异性腐蚀技术制备出Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ／Ｓｉ单模定向耦合器。在波长为１．３μｍ时，平均串音小于－１８．１ｄＢ，输出功率耦俣效率达到９８．１％。     

激光二极管泵浦的固体激光新材料LaBGeO_5－Nd~（3＋）

激光二极管泵浦的固体激光新材料ＬａＢＧｅＯ＿５－Ｎｄ￣（３＋）１．ＬｎＢＧｅ２Ｏ４（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ－Ｅｒ和Ｙ）在结构上分为两类。有较大Ｌｎ（Ｌａ－Ｐｒ）者具有ＣｅＢＳｉＯ５的非对称结构（Ｃ２３—Ｐ３１空间群），有较小Ｌｎ（Ｇｄ－Ｅｒ和Ｙ）者具有ＣａＢＳｉ...     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks