温轧表面纳米晶化304不锈钢钢板的多尺度晶粒组织

采用表面机械研磨处理后进行温轧的工艺,制备超细晶粒结构的304不锈钢钢板;采用XRD、TEM分析表征材料的微观组织结构;测试材料的维氏硬度。试验结果表明,所获得的材料晶粒尺寸呈梯度分布,从表层的纳米晶层逐渐过渡为心部的微米晶层,其中微米晶层的体积分数约为40%;同时,此多尺度晶粒分布的304SS板由奥氏体和马氏体双相组成,并同样呈梯度分布,具体为马氏体的体积分数从表层到心部逐渐减少,而奥氏体则反之;所制备的钢板表层维氏硬度显著提高,与原始未处理的304SS相比提高了150%;硬度的大幅度提高源于晶粒细化和应变诱导马氏体相变;维氏硬度分布与微观组织变化一致,表明此样品实现了高强高延性的良好结合。     

常化后冷却工艺对1600MPa级超高强钢组织性能的影响

为改善高强度钢的塑性和韧性,对中碳低合金马氏体高强度钢分别采用常化后空冷＋回火和常化后控冷＋回火工艺,研究常化后冷却工艺对钢中残余奥氏体及力学性能的影响.采用扫描电镜获得钢的组织形态,利用X射线衍射和电子背散射衍射技术分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数、形貌和分布.发现两种工艺下均得到板条马氏体＋残余奥氏体组织,残余奥氏体均匀分布在板条之间,随工艺参数不同,其体积分数在3%~10%变化.常化后加速冷却能显著细化马氏体板条,提高钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度100 MPa以上,冲击功下降4 J.残余奥氏体的体积分数随常化控冷终冷温度的升高呈现先升高后降低的变化,常化后的控制冷却也可以作为进一步改善马氏体类型钢组织和性能的方法      

Phase Stability of Residual Austenite in 60Si2Mn Steels Treated by Quenching and Partitioning

 The residual austenite and its stability in commercial 60Si2Mn steel treated by quenching and partitioning (Q-P) were investigated. The Q-P heat treatment was carried out using a system of ordinary electric furnace—oil bath box—electric furnace. Cryogenic treatments at different temperatures were performed to assess the thermal stability of residual austenite. The microstructure, particularly residual austenite, was analyzed using optical microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the microhardness and Rockwell hardness were measured. The residual austenite with the volume fraction as much as 137% and the HRC hardness level of 41 were achieved, and the residual austenite is relatively stable.     

深冷对逆相变处理中锰钢组织性能的影响

为了研究原始组织状态对逆相变退火中锰钢微观组织和力学性能的影响,对淬火处理的中锰钢再进行-74℃深冷处理,采用SEM、EBSD、XRD等手段评价了逆相变退火处理后的微观组织,用单轴拉伸和冲击试验评价力学性能.研究结果表明:淬火态中锰钢的组织由马氏体和体积分数约为33％的残余奥氏体组成,深冷处理后得到残余奥氏体体积分数小...     

冷轧中锰钢的成形性能

 研究了两相区退火时间对中锰钢(0.1C-5Mn)的微观组织结构、力学性能及扩孔性能的影响。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和背散射电子成像技术(EBSD)对退火过程中微观组织结构的演化进行了表征;通过拉伸和扩孔试验测定了不同退火状态下中锰钢的强度、塑性和扩孔率。研究表明,中锰钢在650℃下逆转变退火获得了含有大量奥氏体相的基体为超细晶组织的奥氏体、铁素体双相钢组织,强塑积（Rm·A）达到30GPa·%以上;奥氏体体积分数随退火时间的延长而逐步增加,但过多亚稳奥氏体对钢的综合成形性能不利。     

配分过程对热轧直接淬火配分钢拉伸性能及冲击韧性的影响

基于一种低碳硅锰系成分,结合热轧直接淬火配分工艺,开发了一种厚规格热轧直接淬火配分钢,研究了配分过程对实验钢微观组织,力学性能和冲击韧性的影响.用SEM、XRD、TEM分析观察材料的微观组织.研究结果显示,实验钢抗拉强度为1 080~1 400 MPa,屈强比为0.6~0.79,强塑积高达28 000 MPa%.等温配分钢的低温冲击韧性较动态配分钢更好,并且随着冲击温度的降低,等温配分钢冲击功比动态配分钢下降更慢.实验钢残余奥氏体含量(体积分数)为16%-28%,碳质量分数为1.05%-1.35%.同时等温配分钢较动态配分钢具有更高的残余奥氏体含量和更低的残余奥氏体碳含量.     

一次淬火马氏体对Q&P钢组织和性能的影响

 研究了一次淬火马氏体对低合金钢经淬火和配分(Quenching and Partitioning,Q&P)工艺后微观组织和单轴拉伸性能的影响,用扫描电镜进行微观组织表征,用X射线法测量残留奥氏体量。试验结果表明,随着一次淬火马氏体比例的增加,二次淬火马氏体的尺寸和数量逐渐减少,残留奥氏体体积分数呈先增加后减少的趋势,一次淬火马氏体体积分数为40%时获得最大残留奥氏体体积分数为16.92%。一次淬火马氏体体积分数为30%～70%时试验钢获得了较高的塑性和强塑积,马氏体基体为钢提供了高强度,残留奥氏体在变形过程中的TRIP效应提高了钢的塑性。     

C和Mn元素配分行为对冷轧中锰TRIP钢组织性能的影响

采用冷轧+两相区温轧退火（CR+WR+IA）热处理工艺,研究了两相区退火时间对超细晶铁素体与奥氏体中组织形貌演变、C和Mn元素配分行为以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,冷轧试验钢经两相区形变退火处理后,获得了由铁素体、残余奥氏体或新生马氏体组成的超细晶复相组织。在645℃随退火时间的延长,形变马氏体向逆相变奥氏体配分的C、Mn元素增多,C、Mn元素富集位置增加,同时富Mn区形变马氏体回复再结晶现象明显;伴随少量碳化物溶解,试验钢的屈服强度由741持续降低到325MPa。两相区退火10min时,试验钢力学性能最佳,此时抗拉强度达到最大值1141MPa,断后伸长率及均匀伸长率分别为236%和181%,强塑积达到26928MPa·%。     

Effect of deformation schedule on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a thermomechanically processed C-Mn-Si transformation-induced plasticity steel

Thermomechanical processing simulations were performed using a hot-torsion machine, in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of the effect of severe deformation in the recrystallized and nonrecrystallized austenite regions on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the 0.2 wt pct C-1.55 wt pct Mn-1.5 wt pct Si transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel. The deformation schedule affected all constituents (polygonal ferrite, bainite in different morphologies, retained austenite, and martensite) of the multiphased TRIP steel microstructure. The complex relationships between the volume fraction of the retained austenite, the morphology and distribution of all phases present in the microstructure, and the mechanical properties of TRIP steel were revealed. The bainite morphology had a more pronounced effect on the mechanical behavior than the refinement of the microstructure. The improvement of the mechanical properties of TRIP steel was achieved by variation of the volume fraction of the retained austenite rather than the overall refinement of the microstructure.     

Influence of Austempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Silicon Carbide-Free Bainitic Steel

The microstructural evolution of a novel high-silicon carbide-free bainitic steel at different austempering temperatures is investigated. The microstructure is evaluated by means of optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, microhardness, and nanohardness. Results show a variation in the amount of stabilized retained austenite changing the temperature of the isothermal treatment. In particular, it is observed an increase in the retained austenite volume fraction increasing the temperature up to 350 °C, while further increase leads to a reduction. Moreover, increasing the isothermal holding temperature from 250 °C, through 300, 350, and 370 °C, a progressive bainite coarsening and an increase in the amount of stabilized carbon-enriched retained austenite are observed. Tensile tests reveal an excellent combination of mechanical properties: mechanical strength in the range 1276–1988 MPa and total elongation 0.18–0.44.     

Effect of Cooling Method on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot-Rolled C-Si-Mn TRIP Steel

 The controlled cooling technology following hot rolling process is a vital factor that affects the final microstructure and mechanical properties of the hot-rolled transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels. In the present study, low alloy C-Si-Mn TRIP steel was successfully fabricated by hot rolling process with a 450 hot rolling mill. To maximize the volume fraction and stability of retained austenite of the steel, two different cooling methods (air-cooling and ultra-fast cooling “AC-UFC” and ultra-fast cooling, air-cooling and ultra-fast cooling “UFC-AC-UFC”) were conducted. The effects of the cooling method on the microstructure of hot-rolled TRIP steel were investigated via optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and conversion electron Mssbauer spectroscope. The mechanical properties of the steel were also evaluated by conventional tensile test. The results indicated that ferrite and bainite in the microstructure were refined with the cooling method of UFC-AC-UFC. The morphology of retained austenite was also changed from small islands distributing in bainite district (obtained with AC-UFC) to granular shape locating at the triple junction of the ferrite grain boundaries (obtained with UFC-AC-UFC). As a result, the TRIP steel with a content of retained austenite of 1152%, total elongation of 32% and product of tensile strength and total elongation of 27552 MPa·% was obtained.     

Deformation behaviour of duplex stainless steel during industrial hot rolling

Industrially processed duplex stainless steel sheet was investigated after the reheating, the roughing mill and the finishing rolling. Light optical microscopy revealed that the cast structure that existed before rolling was removed and changed into a banded microstructure. During the process, the ferrite‐austenite volume fraction ratio changed from 72 %a + 28 %γ to 48 %α + 52 %γ. The microhardness was measured for both phases after each process step. Texture measurements were executed by means of the electron backscattering diffraction technique (EBSD). These measurements revealed that extensive static recrystallisation of the austenite occurred during the roughing but that recrystallisation was inhibited during the finishing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on the finish rolled material indicated that the ferrite softened efficiently by extended dynamic recovery. The dislocations in ferrite grains with rotated cube orientation were often found to be straight screw dislocations which were inclined 55° to the surface of the sheet. The importance of the partitioning of the alloying elements and the strain partitioning on the deformation behaviour is highlighted.     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C-Mn-Mo-Cu-Nb-Ti-B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490~640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6~15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.      

Effects of Cold Rolling Reduction on Retained Austenite Fraction and Mechanical Properties of High-Si TRIP Steel

 Transformation-induced plasticity-aided steel ［TRIP steel (0. 4C-1. 5Si-1. 5Mn)］ was rolled at room temperature to different thickness reductions (0, 4%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60%). The mechanical properties, microstructure and austenite fractions of the rolled samples were measured by tensile test, electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for each rolling. The deformation behavior was studied based on the analysis of the mechanical properties and microstructure of steel after tensile deformation, aiming at understanding the effects of cold rolling reduction on the decay behavior of the austenite and the change of mechanical properties of the TRIP steels. It was found that increasing rolling reduction increases the yield stress gradually but decreases the total elongation significantly. It is very interesting that after 10% rolling reduction the yield stress is about 1000 MPa but still with 20% total elongation, which gives an excellent combination of yield strength and ductility. Based on the XRD results, it was revealed that in both rolling and tension the austenite volume fraction monotonically decayed with the increase of rolling strain, but the decaying rate is faster in tension than in rolling, which may be ascribed to the higher temperature in rolled specimens than in the tensioned ones during deformation. Experimental results and theoretical reasoning indicate that the decreasing trend of austenite volume fraction with strain can be formulated by a unique equation.     

Influences of Austenization Temperature and Annealing Time on Duplex Ultrafine Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium Mn Steel

A duplex ultrafine microstructure in a medium manganese steel(0.2C-5Mn)was produced by austenite reverted transformation annealing(ART-annealing).The microstructural evolution during annealing was examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Based on the microstructure examination,it was found that some M3 C type carbides appeared in the martensitic matrix at the beginning of the ART-annealing.But with further increasing annealing time,these carbides would be dissolved and finally disappeared.Meanwhile,the austenite lath was developed in the ART-annealing process and the volume fraction of austenite increased with the increase of the annealing time,which resulted in a duplex microstructure consisting of ultrafine-grained ferrite and large fraction of reverted austenite after long time annealing.The mechanical property examinations by uniaxial tensile tests showed that ART-annealing(6h,650 ℃)resulted in a superhigh product of strength to elongation up to 42GPa·%.     

TRIP钢显微组织与性能关系的评述

概述了近20年来汽车材料中TRIP钢的研究进展情况。对影响TRIP钢强度和塑性的显微组织从其大小、形貌及含量等多方面进行了分析和比较，认为要使TRIP钢具优良的强度和塑性匹配，应优化该钢显微组织中各相含量的配比。     

配分温度对于Q&P钢成形性的影响规律

利用扫描电镜、连续退火模拟试验机和成形试验机研究了配分温度对Q&P钢组织和成形性能的影响,结果表明,不同的配分温度会使得Q&P钢获得不同的残余奥氏体体积分数,当配分温度为300~450 ℃时,残余奥氏体的体积分数为8.79%~12.19%,次应变相同的情况下,FLC曲线的单向应变区主应变最大提升0.09,双向应变区主应变最大提升0.05,平面应变区主应变提升不显著。配分温度主要通过影响残余奥氏体体积分数使FLC曲线位置发生变化,残余奥氏体体积分数的增加提高了Q&P钢的成形性能。     

Process Simulation and Microstructure Analysis of Low Carbon Si-Mn Quenched and Partitioned Steel

The quenching and partitioning （Q＆P） process was experimentally investigated on the thermomechanical simulator （Gleeble3800）. The microstructure and fracture mechanism of the sheets were investigated by means of TEM. It was found that the microstructure of quenched and partitioned steel consists of fine lath martensite and thin inter-lath austenite films. The optimum quenching temperature of producing the maximum amount of retained austenite after final quenching at room temperature was predicted by Matlab software package. It was found that the calculations by Matlab software can provide guidance for experimental processing design reliably. The volume fraction of retained austenite at room temperature was approximately 8%, which was measured easily by the software VC6.0＋＋ programming. The results verified that quenched and partitioned steel possesses a good combination of strength and plasticity due to its fine microstructure. This steel exhibited high ultimate tensile strength （exceeding 1 000 MPa） and good elongation of 25%. The results showed that the fracture mechanism of the sheets is typical tough fracture under the condition of tensile failure.     

配分时间对低碳热轧F-Q&P钢组织性能的影响

摘要：基于合金减量化原则,热轧后采用以超快冷技术为核心的两相区弛豫 淬火配分（F-Q&P）工艺技术,借助OM、SEM、TEM、XRD和室温拉伸等试验手段,研究了配分时间对试验钢组织性能的影响。研究表明：随着配分时间延长,铁素体体积分数逐渐增加,残余奥氏体含量先增加后降低,马氏体的体积分数逐渐减小;抗拉强度降低,伸长率增加,强塑积增加,屈强比较低为0.55～0.60,n值较高为0.14～0.18。配分时间对各相的体积分数、形貌、分布和析出行为有影响。30s配分的试验钢,组织中较多的细长条马氏体、细小铁素体和薄片状残余奥氏体提高了材料的位错密度和均匀变形能力,表现出最优的综合性能。     

基于退火路径的中锰钢组织转变与力学性能

为了更好地指导中锰钢工业试制,利用扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射、透射电镜和拉伸试验机等研究了不同退火路径下低碳中锰钢的组织转变及合金元素配分行为,并评价了其对力学性能的影响.结果表明,热轧中锰钢的显微组织主要由铁素体、板条马氏体、粒状贝氏体和残余奥氏体构成.经冷轧变形后,原组织中的铁素体和马氏体晶粒破碎,残余奥氏体和M/A...