食品防腐剂的研究进展

根据抗菌剂发展现状及一些最新研究动态，综合叙述了食品抗菌剂防腐剂的开发现状及研究进展。     

新型食品防腐剂

本介绍了一些新型的食品防腐剂（包括合成防腐剂和天然防腐剂）的特性及用途，同时还对一些具有抗菌性质的食品及一些潜在的防腐剂做了简要介绍。     

食品防腐剂的概况与发展

食品的腐败变质会引起巨大的经济损失，如何防止腐败是食品科学工作者最为关注的一个问题。目前，常用的防腐措施是添加食品防腐剂，食品防腐剂分为化学防腐剂、天然防腐剂和复合型防腐剂，其中使用最为广泛的是化学防腐剂。但随着人们对健康的重视，天然防腐剂和复合型防腐剂的应用会越来越广泛。本文将对食品防腐剂分类进行阐释。     

天然食品防腐剂的研究进展

概述天然抑制菌防腐物质的来源,抗菌性能,作用方式,以及在食品上的应用,指出天然食品防腐剂的开发前景。     

天然食品防腐剂--抗菌肽

TheNaturalFoodPreservartive－AntimicrobialPeptideLuiYiNingZhengxiang具有抗菌作用的多肽简称抗菌肽,它们在自然界中广泛存在。已确定一些抗菌肪的基因编码,可以利用基因工程使生产简单化,加宽抗菌谱,提高产量［1,2,3］。本文介绍了来自植物、昆虫、微生物和脊椎动物的抗菌肽,比较了它们的分子结构和作用方式,并讨论了应用前景。1微生物中的抗菌肽1．l细菌素和细菌素类似物工．1．五小菌素小菌素主要由肠杆菌科细菌产生,分子量通常低于SKDa。它们结构紧密、热稳定性好,对链霉蛋白酶或枯草溶菌素有抗性。所有的小菌素都…     

食品防腐剂在食品中应用现状分析

我国的食品加工工艺由来已久,而食品的防腐保鲜技术一直都是食品加工业重点关注和研究的课题.尤其自进入21世纪以来,经济的高速发展、互联网和信息技术的高度覆盖,食品的加工和生产技术也有了显著提高.与此同时,老百姓对食品的质量和安全也愈加重视.食品作为满足人类生存所需的重要资源,其品质的优劣直接影响人体健康.防腐环节是食品生...     

食品中的防腐剂

现代食品工业是在防腐剂技术不断发展的基础上建立起来的,但各种防腐机剂对人体会造成不同的影响,因而对防腐剂的使用及其对人体的影响就必须有正确的认识。     

食品防腐剂山梨酸的快速测定法

本法采用三氯甲烷从样品中直接一次提取山梨酸，再以碳酸氢钠一次反萃取净化，在２５４ｎｍ，处直接测定样品吸光 与标准进行比较定量，可快速得到测定结果，此法具有操作简便，快速，测定精密度高的特点，适用于水果汁，果酱，罐头，软饮料等食品中山梨酸及其钾盐的快速测定。     

2002年北京市市售鲜鸡蛋和生鸡肉的沙门菌污染情况调查

为了了解北京市市售鲜鸡蛋、生鸡肉的沙门菌污染情况,并为建立食物污染及中毒的预警系统提供数据基础,2002年7、8和9月从北京市四个区的集贸市场、超市、商场和街边小商店共采集鲜鸡蛋100件,生鸡肉100件,进行了沙门菌的定性、定量检测及血清分型。结果表明鲜鸡蛋蛋液中未检出沙门菌,生鸡肉的沙门菌阳性检出率为30%,沙门菌在生鸡肉中的污染情况与销售温度有关。因此,控制沙门菌的污染来源和生鸡肉销售的温度条件是控制沙门菌污染的手段之一。然而,还需要进一步研究的是鲜鸡蛋外源性污染情况的调查;销售温度与污染情况之间相关性的进一步证实。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中12种防腐剂和甜味剂

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中12种防腐剂和甜味剂的含量。方法样品经甲醇-水(30:70,V:V)提取,经Agilent TC C_(18)色谱柱分离,以甲醇/20 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,采用二极管矩阵检测器进行检测,检测波长为230 nm。结果 12种防腐剂和甜味剂在0.2~20μg/mL的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,r~2≥0.9992,回收率在70.9%~115.6%之间,方法的检出限为0.001~0.005 g/kg。结论该方法具有高通量、操作简便等优点,可适用于食品中12种防腐剂和甜味剂的检测。     

新型微生物源天然食品防腐剂及其抑菌性能

天然食品防腐剂按其来源的不同可分为植物源天然防腐剂、动物源天然防腐剂以及微生物源天然防腐剂等类型.天然微生物源食品防腐剂由于其本身的优越性,越来越受到人们的青睐.本文主要对五种新型微生物源天然食品防腐剂(即乳球菌肤、溶菌酶、聚赖氨酸、苯乳酸及曲酸)的理化特性、抑茵机制和抑茵特性等进行了概括和论述.旨在为我国新型、安全、高效、微生物源天然食品防腐剂的研究和开发提供参考.     

Nanotechnology in the food sector and potential applications for the poultry industry

BackgroundSalmonellosis and campylobacteriosis are among the most frequently reported foodborne diseases worldwide. Commercial chicken meat has been identified as one of the most important food vehicles for Salmonella and Campylobacter infection. Increased poultry consumption has forced producers to explore methods for increasing their production output, while maintaining the affordability and safety of their products. While the forecast benefits of nanotechnology have yet to be fully realised, it has potential application at many points along the food production chain and offers the opportunity to meet these challenges.Scope and approachThe commercial poultry processing environment plays a significant role in reducing foodborne pathogens and spoilage organisms from poultry products prior to being supplied to consumers. This review discusses the potential opportunities and challenges for adopting nano-enabled technologies in the poultry industry, with respect to applications in microbiological food safety and quality assurance in the processing plant.Key findings and conclusionsSeveral possibilities exist to exploit the benefits of nanotechnologies in the poultry processing plant to enhance the microbiological safety and quality of products. Those applications include the adoption of nano-enabled disinfectants, surface biocides, protective clothing, air and water filters, packaging, biosensors and rapid detection methods for contaminants, and technologies that assure the authenticity and traceability of products. Although the fate and potential toxicity of nanomaterials are not fully understood at this time and scientific risk assessments are required, it is evident that there have been significant advances in the application of novel nanotechnologies in the food industry.     

Effects of food preservatives on Alternaria alternata growth and tenuazonic acid production

The effects of different organic acids on Alternaria alternata growth and tenuazonic acid production (TeA) were evaluated. Both TeA pure toxin solution and TeA production in solid medium were considered. Sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and sodium propionate, all preservatives commonly used by food industry in Argentina, were tested. TeA was stable as pure toxin solution when was treated with the salts of organic acids used. A differential effect was observed when the preservatives were evaluated in relation to A. alternata growth and TeA production in solid medium. L evels above 10mg/kg of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate produced a total inhibition of fungal development and toxin biosynthesis. Sodium propionate produced a 59% decrease in A. alternata growth and total inhibition of TeA production only at the highest concentration of preservatives used.     

Simultaneous analysis of acidulants and preservatives in food samples by using capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection

Capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection was developed for the simultaneous analysis of acidulants and preservatives in food samples. When a solution of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, trimellitic acid and poly (vinyl alcohol) was used as the background electrolyte, the nine acidulants and four preservatives listed in the Japanese Food Sanitation Law were detected within 8 min. The calibration curves plotted from the peak height of each analyte were linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The relative standard deviations (n = 10) of the peak height ranged from 1.2% to 4.7%. The detection limits for these species ranged from 0.6 to 5.3 mg/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of three. The method developed method was applied to the simultaneous analysis of acidulants and preservatives in a wide variety of food samples.     

防腐剂复配对苏云金芽孢杆菌抑菌效果研究

目的 获得最佳的复配防腐剂抑制苏云金芽孢杆菌效果.方法 选择不同的防腐剂,通过药敏纸片法、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)法测定苏云金芽孢杆菌对其敏感性,利用正交设计筛选最佳防腐剂组合,并对获得的最佳防腐剂组合抑菌效果进行验证.结果 苏云金芽孢杆菌对乳酸链球菌素、聚赖氨酸、尼泊金乙酯较为敏感,其MIC分别为0.01、0.078和0.039 mg/ml,但是对乳酸钠、山梨酸钾不敏感.正交试验结果表明,当乳酸链球菌素、聚赖氨酸和尼泊金乙酯浓度分别为0.313、0.039和0.25 mg/ml时效果最佳,可使基质中苏云金芽孢杆菌降低2.35个数量级.结论 选择这一最佳组合在室温( 25℃)条件下,猕猴桃汁、里脊肉糜、牛乳中细菌数在4d时分别增长1.61、2.95、2.16个数量级;在0～4℃贮藏5d时分别增长1.24、0.94、0.14个数量级.     

大型超市现场加工制作食品的卫生状况调查

为了解我市大型超市中食品现场加工制作的卫生状况 ,于 2 0 0 2年 9～ 10月对我市 15家大型超市中有关食品加工制作的场所及食品的生产经营过程进行了调查。食品加工现场普遍存在的主要卫生问题是 :各种食品加工间无相对密闭的达 73% ,糕点裱花间不具备相应的卫生条件而生产裱花糕点的生产场所达 4 0 % ,超市卖场中散装食品及现制现卖的食品呈暴露式销售 ,缺少防蝇防尘设施的达 6 6 %。针对超市中这一突出卫生问题 ,提出了有效卫生监督意见和具体的整改措施。严格按《食品卫生法》落实食品现场加工应达到的卫生要求。并对违法行为给予了相应的行政处罚。     

Implementation of hazard analysis critical control point in the meat and poultry industry

Abstract

Meat and poultry industries today are facing new challenges, with more complex ingredients, processes, and packaging. Consequently, controls are becoming more important as more complex processes are developed. Widespread adoption of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) by the meat and poultry industry should enhance consumer confidence in its products and reduce the currently existing barriers in international trade. The purpose of this review is to present several comprehensive flow diagrams of meat and poultry products and apply HACCP principles in order to ensure food safety.     

Efficacy and food safety considerations of poultry competitive exclusion products

Competitive exclusion (CE) products are anaerobic cultures of bacteria that are applied to poultry hatchlings to establish a protective enteric microbiota that excludes intestinal colonization by human food-borne pathogens. For safety of the poultry flock and human consumers, the identities of bacteria in CE products need to be known. A CE product is a culture of intestinal contents from adult chickens. It may be microbiologically defined by analysis of bacteria isolated from the culture, but many bacteria are hard to reliably isolate, identify, and characterize with conventional techniques. Sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes may be more reliable than conventional techniques to identify CE bacteria. Bacteria in CE products may contain antimicrobial drug resistance and virulence mechanisms that could be transferred to the enteric bacteria of the food animal and to the human consumer. Detection methods for specific antimicrobial drug resistance and virulence genes and the integrase genes of conjugative transposons, mostly utilizing PCR technology, are being developed that can be applied to assess these risks in CE bacteria. With improvements in efficacy, bacterial identification, and detection and control of the possible risks of gene transfer, CE product technology can be made a more effective food safety tool.