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1.
陈建国  周文浩  陈强 《中国水利》2010,(16):22-25,29
分析了小浪底水库运用以来黄河下游河道发生的变化,指出水库在扭转河道连年萎缩、恢复河道泄洪能力方面作出了重要贡献。水库现已进入拦沙后期,建议水库运用理念应适时由"拦沙减淤"转变为"调沙减淤",在充分发挥下游河道输沙能力、减少河道淤积前提下,尽量减少水库淤积,延长水库寿命,并提出在建立新的水沙调控模式中亟待研究的疑难问题。  相似文献   

2.
    
Hydropower projects located on rivers transporting heavy sediment loads require design and operation criteria based on sediment management as a means of sustaining the project life. Sediment management is achieved by designing projects as a run‐of‐the‐river scheme, with provision for drawdown flushing, noting hydraulic model simulations are essential for optimizing the design of these projects. Sediment deposition levels are generally predicted with long‐term simulations using 1‐D numerical models, as well as experiments with scaled physical models that simulate drawdown flushing. The present study presents experiments with scaled model and 3‐D numerical model simulations conducted for hydraulic flushing of a reservoir. Experiments were conducted for various durations and discharges to finalize the intake alignment and optimize the flushing. The results of the 3‐D numerical model simulations are in agreement with the results of the experimental study (4%–6% variation). The results also indicate a combination of a 1‐D numerical model for sedimentation and a 3‐D numerical model for flushing can be effectively used to simulate the sedimentation and flushing of reservoirs during the planning and design stages.  相似文献   

3.
水库三角洲河道输沙之研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
水库进口附近三角洲河道之水流系近似均匀流,并非真正之均匀流。三角洲河道动床之自我调整作用,因水库水位之回水影响,其输沙特性有异于明渠均匀流,传统上,将明渠均匀流平衡条件之下输沙公式应用于估算的三角洲河道之输沙能力,似有其不稳定性。本研究进行一系列水流区输沙试验,并纳入文献「10」Hotchkiss之试验数据一并分析。  相似文献   

4.
水库泥沙淤积问题直接关系到水库的规模、寿命以及综合经济效益的发挥。入库水流含沙量是影响水库调度运行以及水库泥沙淤积的主要因素,目前国内结构简单、实用性较强的含沙量预测模型不多。以水库的入库站流量及上游站至入库站的区间流量为研究对象,提出了基于两个水文站流量的水库入库含沙量的预测模型,采用改进的自由搜索算法率定模型参数,并将模型应用于龚嘴水库的入库含沙量的预测。研究结果表明,构建的模型结构简单,参数率定便捷,预测含沙量的精度较高,为水库入库含沙量预测提供了一种简便适用的方法。  相似文献   

5.
    
Mosul Dam, located on the Tigris River north of Iraq, is experiencing sedimentation problems, especially near the Al‐Jazeera pumping station that supplies the irrigation water for the Al‐Jazeera project. The sources of the sediment accumulated within the reservoir are from the Tigris River, as well as ten side valleys on both sides of the reservoir. The sediment inflow rate into the reservoir and the released values are considered on the basis of the operation schedule of the dam for the considered period from 1986 to 2011. The sediment loads were estimated on the basis of available measurements and estimated literature values. The HEC‐RAS 4.1 model was used for flows and sediments in the main river and reservoir. The model was calibrated for flow simulations (coefficient of determination r2 = 0.87) and sediment routing based on bed level, (with resultant r2 = 0.98 and Mean Absolute Deviation of 0.95). The Ackers–White equation was used in the HEC‐RAS model for sediment routing because of the wide range of sediment sizes in the study case. The resultant total accumulated sediment load volume was 1.13 km3, a value that is very close to the measured values (1.143 km3) obtained from a previous bathymetric survey. Furthermore, the model indicated most of the sediment (80.7%) was deposited during the first five of the dam operation.  相似文献   

6.
    
In cobble‐ and gravel‐bed streams, fine sediments (<4 mm diameter) are an important component of the bed material that can move at a full range of flows, not just during floods and spates. It has been hypothesized that the constant movement of this fine material, as it passes over the coarse bed, is an important ecological disturbance to plants and animals. In this study, I measured baseflow sediment transport rates across a number of regulated and unregulated sites in an upland catchment comprising isolated regions of granite/sandstone and acid volcanics in southern Victoria, southeastern Australia, as a precursor to a study examining the effects of sediment on aquatic biota. Examined on three separate occasions, transport rates for fine sediments were up to 100 times greater in the granite/sandstone streams, but diversion weirs, which greatly reduced downstream sediment loads in the granite/sandstone areas, moderated these differences. Measured transport rates within unregulated sections of the granite/sandstone streams were roughly equivalent to sediment loads found to disturb benthic communities in other experimental studies. On this basis, abrasion by sediment transport in these streams may be sufficient to influence the structure of benthic communities even at baseflow. This hypothesis forms the basis of other research examining the biota at these sites. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

7.
    
Information on a river basin's sediment yield is an important requirement for water resources development and management. In the Volta River basin of Ghana, data on suspended sediment yield are limited due to the lack of logistic support for systematic sediment sampling activities. This paper presents the results of a study using the available measurements of suspended sediment transport for eight monitoring stations in order to develop a simple predictive tool for estimating the suspended sediment yields for catchments for which no sediment measurements had been undertaken. Regression analysis was used to establish a relationship between specific suspended sediment yield and both the mean annual run‐off and the drainage basin area. The prediction model was used to estimate the sediment loads of the Volta River and its main tributaries (Black Volta, White Volta and Oti Rivers) in order to estimate the total suspended sediment input to the reservoir and the equivalent specific suspended sediment yield from the catchment surface. Although these sediment yield values are relatively low by world standards, the results obtained provide a basis for assessing future sedimentation problems in Lake Volta and for underpinning the development of sediment control and management strategies for the reservoir.  相似文献   

8.
柘溪水库泥沙淤积情况调查简介   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对 1995年柘溪水库泥沙冲淤调查资料的分析 ,对比 196 3年建库时及 1974年库区泥沙冲淤情况 ,获得建库以来库区泥沙沉积率及其泥沙分布的关系曲线 ,可为已建或拟建的同类泥沙淤积分析提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
白河堡水库泥沙淤积及治理的试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
白河堡水库是密云水库上游白河干流上跨流域引水工程的首部骨干工程 ,1983年蓄水运用以来 ,在供水、防洪、灌溉、发电和改善水环境等方面发挥了巨大效益。至 1997年水库淤积三角洲前坡已推至输水隧洞洞口前部 ,水库淤积治理已刻不容缓。作者分析了入库水沙特性及库区淤积现状 ,并通过河工模型试验研究了泥沙淤积发展及治理方案。试验表明 ,若按原运用调度方式 ,水库只能继续运用 2年 ,而高水位运用也就能维持约 6年 ,导沙堤方案则可继续运行 2 0年以上 ,且可与其它治理方案联合运用  相似文献   

10.
柴河水库大坝右坝段坝基存在渗漏问题,为了水库大坝的安全建设和运行对大坝监测数据进行研究非常重要。采用逐步回归分析法对大坝坝基测压管多年监测数据建立了统计回归分析模型,计算结果表明,观测值与拟合值统计复相关系数较大,估计标准误差较小,模型有效地反映了坝基渗流的变化规律和发展趋势。为了监控大坝的安全运行和辅助决策,利用小波神经网络建立了有效的坝基渗流量预测模型,计算结果表明,该预测模型收敛速度较快、预测精度较高,能正确地模拟和预测大坝的渗流量。  相似文献   

11.
泥沙淤积直接影响水库的正常运用和使用寿命,为掌握新疆卡拉贝利水库现状及未来的泥沙淤积情况,本文首先根据实测资料分析卡拉贝利水库运行6年的库区泥沙淤积情况,然后建立水库一维泥沙数学模型,在对模型进行验证的基础上,预测计算水库运用50年的泥沙淤积情况。研究结果表明,所建模型可以较好地模拟出卡拉贝利水库泥沙淤积过程及分布,计算结果与实测资料吻合良好,卡拉贝利水库运行初期淤积速度较快,主要淤积在死水位以下的河道主槽内;水库运行20年时死库容基本淤满,此后淤积速度明显减缓;水库运行30年后,平均排沙比在90%以上,库区泥沙基本达到平衡状态;在水库运行50年时,总库容损失49.24%,库区总淤积量为12871.95万m3。  相似文献   

12.
基于MATLAB的非均匀悬移质不平衡输沙计算   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对一维非均匀悬移质不平衡输沙数学模型中的明显淤积过程,应用MATLAB语言编制了计算程序,并采用泾惠渠实测水沙资料进行了算例演示。结果表明:程序计算值与实测值符合较好,模型能够满足实际工程要求。  相似文献   

13.
This paper describes a melding of an established set of hydrological component processes to obtain a full-scale model for reservoir sedimentation. The goal is to achieve a probabilistic system relating reservoir sedimentation to standard injection, river flow, particle transport, and dam storage subsystems. In the conclucing section, it is found that for a certain assembly of process components, the sedimentation process is Poisson, with parameters interpretable in terms of physical variables. Moreover, for the resulting parameters, a Gaussian approximation can confidently be adopted.  相似文献   

14.
借鉴河网水流的三级解法,将二维河段概化为河网内部河段,通过河网节点流量和输沙量的平衡,建立一二维耦合河网水沙模型。模型采用全隐式方法建立二维河段以首末断面的水位和含沙量为中间变量的矩阵追赶关系,进而建立整个一二维河网的节点水位及含沙量的矩阵方程组。对方程组的求解,可实现一二维水沙模型的耦合求解。通过对长江下游大通至镇江概化河网的验证计算,表明模型具有很好的实用价值。  相似文献   

15.
Large-scale landslide dams may block the river flow and cause inundation upstream,and subsequently fail and result in severe flooding and damage in the downstream.The need for enhanced understanding of the inundation and flooding is evident.This article presents an experimental study of the inundation and landslide dam-break flooding over erodible bed in open channels.A set of automatic water-level probes is deployed to record the highly transient stage,and the post-flooding channel bed elevation is measured.New experimental data resources are provided for understanding the processes of landslide-induced flooding and for testing mathematical rivers models.  相似文献   

16.
白河堡水库泥沙淤积综合治理研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
白河堡水库泥沙淤积已对输水洞输水造成严重影响,淤积治理已刻不容缓.项目在对淤积状况进行现场查勘、流域调研、资料分析及实体模型试验和数学模型计算基础上,以物模与数模相结合方式进行研究.在此研究基础上提出高水位运行、导沙堤、清淤制砖、筑坝排沙等近远期综合治理方案.  相似文献   

17.
Gallito Ciego Reservoir, with a surface area of 14.2 km2 and mean depth of 40.3 m, is located in the Jequetepeque River basin in north‐western Peru. It is rapidly filling with sediments, endangering its main purpose of supplying agricultural irrigation water. A sediment volume corresponding to 70% of the dead water volume has accumulated in the reservoir up to 2007, with reservoir bottom outlet becoming blocked. Below the dam, 35 000 ha of irrigated cropland, supporting 115 000 habitants, are endangered. This study was conducted to evaluate the possibilities of sediment management, especially the use of the sediment for agricultural purposes in the Jequetepeque River basin. Sediment samples were collected from littoral and profound sites in the reservoir. Suspended sediments also were collected. Physical parameters were investigated, and the nutrient and heavy metal concentrations were determined. By comparing grain‐size distribution and nutrient content, as well as pollutant concentration of the sediments, to those of terrestrial soils near the reservoir, an assessment of the potential for applying the sediments on the cropland was undertaken. Texture investigations of profound sediments revealed a strong grain‐size classification within the reservoir. Because the heavy metal concentrations in the sediments were below toxic thresholds, and the concentrations of nutrients also were low, using the sediments for agricultural purposes would not constitute risks, although they cannot replace fertilizer. As a soil amendment and building material, the sediments do have an economical value. Its dredging and use, however, must be seen as only one component of more holistic sediment management of the Jequetepeque Watershed.  相似文献   

18.
 清江水布垭枢纽建成蓄水运用以后,将拦截坝址以上大部分悬移质泥沙及全部推移质泥沙,因此,库区将发生淤积。对清江水布垭枢纽推荐方案(400m~391.8m~350m)进行库区泥沙一维水沙数学模型淤积计算分析。计算成果表明,悬移质泥沙主要淤积在死库容内,对有效库容影响不大;水库运行至20年末遇频率5%及20%的洪水,泥沙淤积对洪水位的影响不明显。  相似文献   

19.
中国泥沙研究的几个问题   总被引:21,自引:4,他引:17  
王兆印  林秉南 《泥沙研究》2003,14(4):73-80,F003
几千年来泥沙一直是中国河流治理和灾害防治中的难题。众所周知,黄河频繁的迁徙和洪水灾害就是泥沙淤积的结果。中国学者在黄河治理和土壤侵蚀、水库淤积、河口海岸泥沙漂移、泥石流灾害防治等方面进行了大量研究工作,促进了学科发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就。本文概述这些泥沙问题、治理方略和研究成果。在21世纪,泥沙研究将面临新的挑战。泥沙理论研究方面,非恒定流输沙、环境泥沙学、生态泥沙学和经济泥沙学将成为新的生长点。为了检阅现有泥沙理论和研究方法,国家大量投资对三峡工程建设中和建设后的泥沙运动和沉积规律进行大规模的测量。中国的泥沙研究将有一个新的飞跃。  相似文献   

20.
万家寨水库自1998年10月下闸蓄水以来,入库水量偏枯,水库淤积量较设计预测量少,水库淤积形态时空上分布不均。水库运用初期,根据来水来沙和库区淤积情况动态控制运用水位。库尾河段泥沙淤积高程是水库初期运用水位的重要控制条件。凌汛期流量相对稳定,可利用凌汛开河期大流量拉沙排沙,延长水库泥沙冲淤平衡年限,更好地发挥水库的综合效益。  相似文献   

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