锗纳米镶嵌薄膜的电致发光及其机制

采和射频磁控溅射技术,在Ge纳米镍嵌薄膜的基础上制备出电致发光器件。器件的结构为半透明Au膜／Ge纳米镍嵌薄膜／p-Si基片。当正向邻居坟大于6V时,用肉眼可以观察到可见的电致发光,但在反向偏压下探测不到光发射。所测电致发光谱中只有一个发光峰,峰位在510nm（2．4eV,绿光）,并且随着正向偏坟的升高,峰位不发生移动;对于不同温度退火的样品,峰位也保持不变。根据分析结果讨论了可能的电致发光机制。     

C镶嵌SiO2薄膜电致发光谱的数值分析

采用磁控溅射法制备了含纳米碳粒的氧化硅薄膜,在室温下测量了Au/镶嵌纳米碳粒氧化硅膜/p-Si结构的电致发光谱,电致发光谱显示,随着正向偏压的增加,来自该结构的电致发光峰位于650nm处几乎不移动,发光强度增大.利用位形坐标模型对C镶嵌SiO2薄膜的电致发光谱进行了分析,结果表明该结构的电致发光谱存在1.8和2.0eV左右的两个发光中心,分别来自SiO2层的非桥氧空位和纳米C团簇.     

Bi4Ti3O12铁电薄膜I-V特性的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺(Sol-Gel)在Pt/Ti/SiO2/p-Si衬底上成功制备了低漏电流Bi4Ti3O12(BIT)铁电薄膜,对所得样品的漏导行为进行了研究.研究表明,Bi4Ti3O12薄膜的漏电流密度在+3V偏压下低于10-9A/cm2,满足器件应用的要求.在不同场强下薄膜的漏导机制不同,而且正向和负向电场作用下I-V曲线明显不同,正向漏电流明显小于负向漏电流.电压低于2V时,薄膜以欧姆导电机制为主,电压在2～5.4V(加正向电压)或2.2～3.6V(加负向电压)时,BIT薄膜应以Schottky emission导电机制为主;而对于较高的场强下,BIT薄膜以Space-charge limited currents(SCLC)导电机制为主.     

ZnO:Zn的光致发光和电致发光性能

在N2 H2还原气氛中以ZnO粉末为原料制备了ZnO:Zn发光膜和粉末.利用X射线衍射、电子扫描显微镜、红外光谱仪、XPS、荧光分光光度计等测试手段表征了样品的结构、形貌、缺陷和发光性能.ZnO:Zn发光膜具有六角纤锌矿晶体结构和良好的c轴取向,结晶性较好,晶粒颗粒均匀.ZnO:Zn发光膜和粉末具有绿色的单谱光致发光和电致发光.发光薄膜的O1s结合能表明,此绿色发光与薄膜内的点缺陷状态密切相关.     

In掺杂和退火对磁控溅射制备ZnO薄膜的结构和光电性质的影响

用射频磁控溅射技术在石英玻璃衬底上制备出ZnO和In掺杂的ZnO(ZnO∶In)薄膜,研究了In的掺杂和退火对薄膜的结构和光电性质的影响。所制备的薄膜为纤锌矿结构的ZnO相,In的掺杂有利于ZnO薄膜的c轴择优生长,并且使其表面更加致密平整,退火提高了薄膜的结晶行为,但使得薄膜的表面有部分团聚形成。由于In3+替代了Zn2+,提供了一个多余的电子,ZnO薄膜的电阻率从28.9Ω.cm降低到4.3×10-3Ω.cm。由于载流子浓度的增加和晶格尺寸的拉长,In的掺杂使得ZnO薄膜的禁带宽度增加;空气中退火后薄膜的载流子浓度降低和晶格尺寸的减小,使得禁带宽度降低。ZnO薄膜在可见光范围的透光率在90%以上,受In的掺杂和退火的影响不大。室温下用325 nm的激发光源测试了样品的光致发光(PL)谱,发现In的掺杂对薄膜的PL谱影响不大,而退火后的ZnO薄膜在446 nm处的蓝光发射明显增强,更适合于作为蓝色发光器件。     

稀土离子注入的硅材料MOS结构高效率电致发光器件

本文介绍了在稀土离子Re(Re=Er、Eu、Tb、Ce和Gd)注入的SiO2金属-氧化物-硅(MOS)结构高效率电致发光器件的研究进展情况。通过将不同的稀土离子注入到SiO2薄膜,相继获得了发射光谱峰值分别位于红外(1.54μm)、可见光(618 nm5、43 nm、440 nm)至紫外(316 nm)光谱范围的MOS结构电致发光器件,并系统研究了SiO2:Re薄膜中稀土离子的电致发光特性。在SiO2:Re有效发光层的厚度为50 nm,掺杂浓度为1-3%的条件下,稀土Er、Tb和Gd离子注入掺杂的硅材料MOS结构电致发光器件在红外、绿光和紫外的量子效率分别达到14%、16%和5%,接近了商品化III-V族半导体发光二极管的水平。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备MgxZn1-xO薄膜及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在石英玻璃片衬底上制备了Mg2+掺杂的ZnO(MgxZn1-xO)薄膜,研究了Mg2+掺杂对ZnO薄膜结构和紫外透过率的影响;在氧化物薄膜上真空蒸镀了Al叉指电极,制得紫外原型探测器件,测试了I-Ⅴ特性.结果表明,Mg2+掺杂后,MgxZn1-xO薄膜为纤锌矿结构,随着x值增加,晶格常数c逐渐减少,α逐渐增大,Mg2+掺杂抑制了(002)晶面的生长;紫外透过光谱表明,Mg2+掺杂后吸收边发生蓝移,可提高ZnO薄膜的禁带宽度;I-Ⅴ特性曲线表明,正向偏压下探测器的暗电流和光照电流随外加偏压呈线性增长,但光照电流与暗电流的差别较大.     

Ni2+掺杂ZnO薄膜及粉体的结构和发光性能研究

采用激光脉冲沉积法,用XeCl准分子激光器在Si (100)基片、真空和5Pa氧气气氛下制备了Ni2+(0.8％(原子分数))掺杂的呈六角纤锌矿结构的ZnO薄膜.氧气气氛下制备的薄膜沿(002)取向生长,表面比较平整,平均颗粒尺寸为80nm.真空条件下制备的薄膜出现Zn2SiO4杂相,平均颗粒尺寸为150nm.和真空条件下制备的薄膜相比,氧气气氛下制备的薄膜具有较强的ZnO本征发光,在425nm附近出现由于填隙Zn缺陷引起的较宽的蓝光发光带,并且在482nm处出现了由于氧空位和氧间隙间的转换引起的较强的蓝光发光峰,同时由于氧缺陷引起的449nm附近的蓝光发光峰强度明显降低.     

纳米硅微晶对于Er离子掺杂的SiO_2薄膜的光致发光和电致发光的不同影响

本文利用Er和硅离子共注入热氧化SiO2薄膜的方法制备出Er离子掺杂的含纳米硅微晶的SiO2发光薄膜,在此基础上制备出ITO/SiON/Si-rich SiO2:Er/Si MOS结构电致发光器件,比较研究了硅微晶密度的变化对于MOS结构的电致发光和光致发光特性的影响。随着纳米硅微晶的增多,Er离子在1.54μm处的红外光致发光显著增强,显示出纳米硅微晶对Er离子光致发光的敏化作用。相反,对于电致发光来说,增加纳米硅微晶数量的同时也增加了SiO2薄膜中的电子俘获陷阱,电子在纳米硅微晶之间的隧穿降低了过热电子的数量和平均能量,因而降低了碰撞激发Er离子产生的电致发光效率。     

SiO2/CeF3复合薄膜的电致发光

采用真空电子束蒸发气相沉积技术在重掺杂n型硅衬底上制备了SiO₂/CeF₃复合薄膜电致发光器件。对器件中各膜层的微观结构和成分进行了表征,并研究了器件的电致发光特性。结果表明：器件在正反接时的电致发光光谱存在明显差异,相应的伏安特性曲线不对称。器件正接时,电致发光光谱在504 nm(绿光区)处和680 nm(红光区)处各出现一个发光峰;反接时,电致发光光谱除了在684 nm(红光区)处出现一个较弱的发光峰外,在434 nm处还出现了一个很强的蓝色发光峰。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...