智能天线系统中数字多波束形成的优化设计

本文介绍了数字波束形成和发射数字多波束技术的原理和实现方法。智能天线技术可以在提高通信容量和质量的同时而不用占用更多的频谱资源。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该数字多波束形成方法具有空间分辨率高,同信道干扰可控,且计算量小,鲁棒性好等优点,有较强的实用性。     

智能天线在移动通信系统中的应用

1 智能天线定义和技术特点智能天线原名自适应天线阵列(AAA,Adaptive An-tenna Array)。最初的智能天线技术主要用于雷达、声纳、抗干扰通信、定位、军事方面等,用来完成空间滤波和定位。智能天线是利用数字技术在基带形成天线波束,以此代替模拟电路形成天线波束,从而提高了天线系统的可靠性与灵活程度,智能天线技术因此在移动通信中得到应用。智能天线分为两大类:多波束智能天线与自适应阵智能天线,简称多波束天线和自适应阵天线。多波束天线利用多个并行波束覆盖整个用户区,每个波束的指向是固定的,波束宽度也随阵元数目的确定而确定…     

星载DBF多波束发射有源阵列天线

 低轨通信卫星大容量、终端小型化要求卫星采用多波束天线技术来实现高增益、宽覆盖.本文针对低轨CDMA通信系统,设计了具有近"等通量"覆盖的平面阵列多波束发射天线,该天线由61微带单元天线阵、61个发射射频通道和数字波束形成网络组成;数字波束成形网络对输入的16个波束信号进行正交化、加权处理输出61路中频信号,由发射射频通道完成上变频和信号放大,最后通过天线阵辐射出去在空间形成期望的16个赋形波束覆盖.文章详细介绍了天线的实现方法和试验结果,通过对16波束发射天线原理样机的测试,结果表明天线各指标都符合设计要求,有效验证了天线系统设计的正确性.     

发射数字多波束天线技术研究

介绍了数字波束形成和发射数字多波束技术的原理和实现方法,并对阵列天线的权值产生进行了论述。讨论了采用单波束叠加方法时波束之间的相互影响。给出了仿真结果以及对16单元直线阵发射数字多波束天线原理样机试验验证的测试结果。     

TD-SCDMA标准错误应用智能天线的问题分析

不少TD-SCDMA标准研究人员认为采用智能天线核心技术后可以克服TDD模式的步行移动通信系统特征。文章从智能天线同时形成多个发射方向波束的可能性出发证明:在CDMA系统中使用智能天线时,无法同时形成多个同频点不同方向的定向发送波束,不可能产生CDMA方式所要求的空分多址作用。此外还从TD-SCDMA的系统特征、智能天线的定向发射方向图、方向性线阵智能天线的合理性等方面讨论了智能天线在TD-SCDMA标准中的不可用性。     

基站智能天线多波束合成技术

采用数字波束形成的技术，给出了基站智能天线多波束合成的有效算法。对圆环阵分布的基站天线多波束方向图进行了综合，得到了空间隔离度很好的多个波束，并将副瓣控制在30dB以下，结果令人满意。该方法可用于任意单元构成的不均匀阵列天线，还可用于波束展宽及扇形波束的合成。     

基于FPGA的智能天线数字波束形成设计

通讯系统的频谱资源日益紧张,智能天线是增加系统容量最有希望的解决方法之一。智能天线的数字波束形成是通讯系统实现空分多址的基础。在介绍了数字波束形成的基本原理基础上,提出了一种基于FPGA实现的实时数字波束形成方法,并使用嵌入式逻辑分析仪进行了实测分析。实验结果表明,该数字波束形成设计能实时调整各通道的幅度和相位,实现数字波束形成。     

数字阵列雷达发射多波束的若干关键技术

面向新一代多功能相控阵雷达对天线发射多波束技术的急需,本文在分析了雷达发射多波束特点的基础上,讨论了发射多波束技术在对地多功能监视雷达、防空反导多功能雷达和侦干探通多功能系统等领域的典型应用;梳理并总结了雷达发射多波束技术的研究历程和发展趋势;提出了单元级数字阵列雷达发射多波束的技术架构和实现方式,分析研究了单元级数字...     

DDS技术在数字波束形成中的应用

DDS是近年来发展的一种新型信号合成技术。该文介绍了DDS技术在发射天线数字波束形成中的应用,对改善发射天线性能的波束形成方法进行了具体分析,并针对降低天线副瓣和预置零点的实现方法给出仿真结果。     

基于软件无线电的智能天线

智能天线是在软件无线电基础上提出的天线设计概念，是数字波束形成（DBF）技术与软件无线电完美结合的产物。本文主要介绍了智能天线基本组成，讨论了智能天线波束形成算法的分类，以及工程实现中的关键技术。     

A bandwidth‐efficient cooperative relaying scheme with hard interference cancellation and iterative decoding

This paper considers a coded cooperative relaying scheme in which all successfully decoded signals from multiple sources are simultaneously forwarded by a multi‐antenna relay to a common multi‐antenna destination to increase bandwidth efficiency. Iterative decoding with hard interference cancellation is used at destination to recover user information. By using orthogonal transmission from sources to avoid their mutual interference, the multi‐antenna relay offers receive space diversity that greatly enhances the decoding performance at the relay. This makes the source‐relay transmission more robust, less sensitive to the source‐relay link SNR, and hence increases the contribution of the relay in cooperative transmission. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms direct transmission under the same transmit power and bandwidth efficiency. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于大规模天线的多用户 MISO 下行链路频谱效率分析简

在大规模天线时分双工通信系统中,分析了多用户MISO下行链路的频谱效率。假定用户数固定且基站天线数M无限增大,通过理论推导分析发现,当基站发送功率减小到单天线基站的1/M时,随着M的增加系统频谱效率趋于一个恒值;并且简单的预处理即可消除用户间干扰和快衰落的影响。虽然多小区系统会受导频污染的影响,致使小区间干扰不能被完全消除,但是降低后的发送功率可使系统由干扰受限转变为噪声受限。采用迫零单位预编码与采用最大比发送单位预编码的系统频谱效率极限表达式相同。最后给出采用空时分组码的多用户下行链路的频谱效率下限值,并通过仿真分析证实了以上结论的正确性。     

Clustered linear precoding for downlink network MIMO systems with partial CSI

We propose two novel clustered linear precoding schemes applicable to network multi‐input multi‐output systems using only partial channel state information to enhance the sum‐rate of the system. Using a channel model that decomposes a multi‐input multi‐output channel matrix into transmit and receive steering vectors and assuming that only transmit steering vectors are available at the base transmit stations, we, first, propose a regularized channel inversion precoding scheme to enhance the sum‐rate assuming only single‐antenna users are available in the system. Next, because of the limitation of regularized channel inversion to handle users with multiple receive antennas, a novel block diagonalization method is proposed. We construct the precoding matrices that jointly eliminate inter‐cell interference and maximize the sum‐rate for a given input covariance matrix. Assuming total power constraint and per‐base‐station power constraints, optimal power allocation schemes are further developed to optimize the sum‐rate. We analytically show that the sum‐rate increases linearly with the number of users when only single‐antenna users are present in the system. Numerical results show that at low signal‐to‐noise ratios, the block diagonalization precoding outperforms the regularized channel inversion in terms of the bit error rate; while at high signal‐to‐noise ratios, the regularized channel inversion provides a better performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

End‐to‐end security‐reliability analysis of multi‐hop cognitive relaying protocol with TAS/SC‐based primary communication,total interference constraint and asymmetric fading channels

In this paper, we analyze the tradeoff between outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP) for a multi‐hop relaying scheme in cognitive radio (CR) networks. In the proposed protocol, a multi‐antenna primary transmitter (PT) communicates with a multi‐antenna primary receiver (PR), using transmit antenna selection (TAS) / selection combining (SC) technique, while a secondary source attempts to transmit its data to a secondary destination via a multi‐hop approach in presence of a secondary eavesdropper. The secondary transmitters such as source and relays have to adjust their transmit power to satisfy total interference constraint given by PR. We consider an asymmetric fading channel model, where the secondary channels are Rician fading, while the remaining ones experience the Rayleigh fading. Moreover, an optimal interference allocation method is proposed to minimize OP of the primary network. For the secondary network, we derive exact expressions of end‐to‐end OP and IP which are verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

Group transmit antenna selection based on GIS technology for V-BLAST system

The conventional transmit antenna selection for Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time （V-BLAST） system is very complex because it needs to compute the inverse of channel matrices time after time. In this paper, a new group transmit antenna selection scheme for V-BLAST system is proposed. The 1st group transmit antennas are decided according to a certain selection criterion among the available antennas. Then, with Group Interference Suppression （GIS） technology, the interferences of the transmit symbols from the selected antennas can be suppressed. Finally, the 2nd group transmit antennas are decided among the residual available antennas. Simulations show that its performance is lower than that of the conventional selection scheme. However, the new selection scheme has lower complexity than the conventional one.     

Improved generalized spatial modulation via antenna selection

When a high spectral efficiency is needed, the cost of Euclidean distance‐based antenna selection for spatial modulation (EDAS‐SM) in terms of hardware, size, and computational complexity is significantly increased because of the large transmit antenna array required. In comparison, generalized spatial modulation (GSM) can match the spectral efficiency of EDAS‐SM, while using significantly fewer transmit antenna elements. However, the error performance of GSM is naturally limited because of the use of a predetermined and fixed set of transmit antenna combinations. By exploiting knowledge of the channel, the optimal set of transmit antenna combinations can be selected by maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance between transmit vectors. In this paper, an adaptive scheme for selection of the optimal set of transmit antenna combinations is proposed to improve the reliability of GSM. The computational overhead of the said scheme is relatively high; hence, a low‐complexity suboptimal scheme for selection of the set of transmit antenna combinations is further proposed. The improved GSM schemes address the spectral efficiency limitation of EDAS‐SM, while demonstrating superior error performance.     

Achievable sum‐rate analysis of correlated two‐antenna MIMO uplink channels

This paper analyzes the achievable sum‐rate of correlated two‐antenna multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) uplink channels. Most of previous works have considered the case when a single user has multiple transmit antennas (i.e. multi‐antenna single‐user scenario). This paper considers the case when two‐antenna MIMO uplink channels comprise two users with a single transmit antenna (i.e. single‐antenna two‐user scenario). The analytic and simulation results show that the achievable sum‐rate of correlated single‐antenna two‐user MIMO uplink channels highly depends on the angle difference between the receive correlation coefficients of two users. It is also shown that the achievable sum‐rate of correlated single‐antenna two‐user MIMO uplink channels is larger than that of correlated two‐antenna single‐user MIMO uplink channels and can even be larger than that of independent and identically distributed Rayleigh two‐antenna MIMO uplink channels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天线相关性与非线性发送迫零技术

面向接收机非线性发送迫零（TxNZF）技术，可以简化下行链路中的接收算法，从而降低移动终端的复杂性和成本．采用的方法是对待发送的数据进行分组并逐组生成要发送的信号，目的是使符号间干扰ISI和多址干扰MAI都趋于零，从而克服完全消除干扰的线性迫零ZF准则导致的发射功率增加。文中就MIMO系统中收发天线阵列之间的相关性对非线性发送迫零（TxNZF）的性能影响进行研究，结果表明：阵列单元完全相关时可能给TxNZF带来约1．2dB的性能损失．     

基于天线选择和功率分配的联合迭代优化算法

当使用所有天线进行无线数据传输时，大规模多输入多输出（Multiple-Input multiple-Output,MIMO）系统中的基站需要使用与天线数相同的射频链路，导致系统的实现复杂度增加，降低了系统的能效。针对能效降低的问题，提出了一种天线选择和功率分配的联合迭代优化算法。该算法在给定初始发送功率的条件下，随机生成一个天线集合作为内循环的初始值，内循环每次从余下的天线集合中选择一根具有最大能效的天线进行替换，得出最优天线集合，求出相应的最优发送功率，并以此作为下次外循环发送功率的初始值。仿真结果表明，所提算法在降低计算复杂度的前提下，几乎可以达到近似于最优穷举搜索算法的能效性能。     

An adaptive antenna system with digital feedback and analog implementation of weighting coefficients

The problem of increasing the operating speed of adaptive antenna systems with analog implementation of weighting coefficients is considered for the case of suppression of interferences with lowered radiation power. It is proposed to solve this problem with the use of an adaptive antenna system with digital feedback and a modified gradient algorithm that ensures such time process of formation of weighting coefficients that only slightly depends on the level of interferences.