莫来石凝胶粉—钛酸铝复相陶瓷的研究

初步研究了莫来石凝胶粉－钛酸铝复相陶瓷的室温与高温强度及抗热震性。结果表明，此复相陶瓷具有较高的室温及高温强度以及良好的抗热震性，室温强度的提高主要是由于莫来石抑制钛酸铝晶粒的生长并阻碍裂纹的扩展，高温强度的提高是由于裂纹弥合的结果。     

莫来石—钛酸铝复相陶瓷的高温强度与热分解

本文介绍了莫来石－钛酸铝复相陶瓷的制备工艺及其主要性能，重点对它的高温强度、热分解及抗热震性等进行了讨论并提出了我们的见解。     

莫来石—钛酸铝复相陶瓷研究

本文介绍了莫来石－钛酸铝复相陶瓷的制备工艺及其主要性能；重点讨论了该复相陶瓷的烧结性、增强机制、膨胀性能影响、高温分解、高温强度及抗热震性等方面的变化；简单介绍该材料的应用前景。     

莫来石-钛酸铝高温窑具的研制

在合成莫来石/钛酸铝复相原料的基础上,借助于XRD、SEM和热态模拟试验等手段研究了烧成温度、复相原料添加量对莫来石-钛酸铝高温窑具性能的影响.研究结果表明:合成的莫来石/钛酸铝复相原料适于制备高温窑具;在1600 ℃烧成的窑具试样具有较高的高温抗折强度和良好的抗热震性;复相合成原料添加量为45%时可获得综合性能较好的窑具材料;热态模拟试验表明研制的莫来石-钛酸铝高温窑具适于作为硬磁材料烧成窑具.     

莫来石-钛酸铝窑具的制备与性能研究

采用原位合成技术合成莫来石一钛酸铝复相材料(ATM),并以复相材料和烧结莫来石(M60)为主要原料制备莫来石一钛酸铝窑具,借助于XRD、SEM和热态模拟试验等手段研究了烧成温度、复相材料添加量对莫来石-钛酸铝高温窑具性能和显微结构的影响.结果表明:合成的莫来石-钛酸铝复相材料适于制备高温窑具;在1 600℃烧成的窑具试样具有较高的高温抗折强度和良好的抗热震性;合成复相材料的添加量为45%时可获得综合性能好的窑具材料;热态模拟试验表明研制的莫来石-钛酸铝高温窑具适合在低于1 400℃,承重小于8 kg的条件下使用.     

硅溶胶对刚玉莫来石复相陶瓷的性能影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在刚玉-莫来石质材料中引入活性硅溶胶(SiO2),分析了硅溶胶对刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷性能的影响机制。研究结果表明,SiO2在主体材料中形成纳米包裹薄膜,SiO2的分布可控、掺入均匀,从而提高了复相陶瓷的抗热震性、高温强度及蠕变性。加入SiO2溶胶产生的莫来石反应化和微裂纹增韧是刚玉-莫来石质材料热震稳定性提高的主要原因。     

锆溶胶制备及其对刚玉莫来石复相陶瓷性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了锆溶胶,并在刚玉-莫来石质材料中引入ZrO2,分析了ZrO2溶胶对刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷性能的影响特征。研究结果表明,ZrO2在主体材料中形成纳米包裹薄膜,ZrO2的分布可控和均匀掺入,不仅提高复相陶瓷的抗热震性、高温强度及蠕变性,而且还使微观结构可控、晶粒尺寸均匀。加入ZrO2溶胶产生氧化锆粒子的应力诱导相变增韧和微裂纹增韧是刚玉-莫来石质材料热震稳定性提高的主要原因。     

红柱石基刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷的显微结构及性能

以红柱石颗粒为主要骨料,辅以莫来石颗粒和刚玉颗粒,硅微粉、铝微粉为基质料,经混合、困料及成型后,经不同温度下烧成4h,制得莫来石基刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷,分析了烧成温度对复相陶瓷的物相组成、显微结构、烧成性能、力学性能及热学性能。结果表明:红柱石在高温下转化成针状和柱状莫来石改善复相陶瓷的烧成性能和抗热震性能;在1480℃烧成时,红柱石刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷具有优越性能,其抗折强度为15.4MPa,耐压强度为91.6MPa,热膨胀系数为5.5×10-6/K,1100℃下水冷的抗热震次数达到99次。     

莫来石——钛酸铝复相陶瓷的强度与热膨胀性

本文介绍了莫来石－－钛酸铝复相陶瓷的室温强度和热膨胀－－冷却曲线等性能。重点分析了强度提高及冷却滞后现象的原因。     

莫来石-钛酸铝陶瓷材料性能的研究

用预合成的钛酸铝制备了莫来石-钛酸铝(MT)陶瓷材料,研究了材料组成与其烧结性能、抗弯强度、热膨胀性能及抗热震性的关系。结果表明,随着钛酸铝含量的减少,MT陶瓷材料的抗弯强度提高,热膨胀系数增大,抗热震性降低,但在钛酸铝含量大于43％时,陶瓷材料的强度有所增加,仍保持较低的热膨胀系数,具有良好的抗热震性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。