利用符号时间序列分析法表征垂直上升管中油水两相流流型

The flow patterns of oil/water two-phase flow in vertical upward pipes were characterized by the analysis of symbolic time series based on the conductance fluctuating signals. The study showed that the symbolic sequence temporal irreversibility Tfb and chi-square χfb^2 statistics had little change with oil-in-water flow pattern variations for water cut (Kw) ranging from 61% to 91% but showed irregular sudden changes with transitional flow pattern variations for water cut 51%. When distinguishing the transitional flow pattern from oil-in-water flow pattern, the symbolic time series analysis method presented more unique characteristics and was a useful assistant diagnostic tool for the identification of oil/water two- phase flow patterns.     

Surface wettability and flow properties of non-metallic pipes in laminar flow

In this paper, three liquids flowing in five pipes with the same inner diameter of 14 mm were studied to determine the relationship between the surface wettability and flow properties in laminar flow(Re b 2000). This was motivated by oilfield observations of increased pressure drops in non-metallic pipes compared to those in metal pipes,which was contrary to expectations. A new expression for the frictional coefficient that considers the Reynolds number and contact angle θ in laminar flow for non-metallic pipes was proposed based on the experimental results of single-phase flow using dimension and regression analyses. The solutions of the anomalous phenomenon were proposed from the perspectives of the pipe diameter, contact-angle difference, and the compatibility between flexible composite pipe and JLHW105 oil according to the new formula. The surprising finding was that the surface wettability could control the frictional resistance by the critical contact angle(39.9°) obtained at the same Reynolds number. If 0° b θ≤ 39.9°, the frictional coefficient increased as the contact angle increased. In contrast, if 39.9° b θ b 180°,the frictional coefficient decreased with increasing contact angle. The influences of the pipe diameter and contactangle difference on the pressure drop difference of JLHW105 oil showed an inversely proportional relation. A series of materials and liquids were tested. The selection of pipe material for transporting a given fluid can be based on the contact angle, surface tension, and critical limit of the contact angle obtained. The research results are expected to provide some guidelines for the selection of the appropriate pipe material for a given set of fluids.     

双螺旋电容传感器水平油水两相流液相持率测量特性(英文)

This paper presents the characteristics of a double helix capacitance sensor for measurement of the liquid holdup in horizontal oil–water two-phase flow. The finite element method is used to calculate the sensitivity field of the sensor in a pipe with 20 mm inner diameter and the effect of sensor geometry on the distribution of sensitivity field is presented. Then, a horizontal oil–water two-phase flow experiment is carried out to measure the response of the double helix capacitance sensor, in which a novel method is proposed to calibrate the liquid holdup based on three pairs of paral el-wire capacitance probes. The performance of the sensor is analyzed in terms of the flow structures detected by mini-conductance array probes.     

Prediction of curved oil–water interface in horizontal pipes using modified model with dynamic contact angle

In this study, interface shapes of horizontal oil–water two-phase flow are predicted by using Young-Laplace equation model and minimum energy model. Meanwhile, the interface shapes of horizontal oil–water twophase flow in a 20 mm inner diameter pipe are measured by a novel conductance parallel-wire array probe(CPAP). It is found that, for flow conditions with low water holdup, there is a large deviation between the model-predicted interface shape and the experimentally measured one. Since the variation of pipe wetting characteristics in the process of fluid flow can lead to the changes of the contact angle between the fluid and the pipe wall, the models mentioned above are modified by considering dynamic contact angle. The results indicate that the interface shapes predicted by the modified models present a good consistence with the ones measured by CPAP.     

垂直管中管径突变对空气-水两相流流型的影响（Ⅰ）突缩接头

Flow patterns upstream and downstream of a sudden-contraction cross-section in a vertical straight pipe were presented. By comparing with flow patterns in uniform cross-section vertical tubes, the effect of the sudden change in pipe diameter on flow patterns was analyzed. Flow pattern transition mechanisms were discussed and transition criteria for flow pattern transitions were deduced accordingly using the dimensional analysis.     

用于竖直油井测井的侵入式电阻层析成像图像重建(英文)

An invasive electrical resistance tomographic sensor was proposed for production logging in vertical oil well.The sensor consists of 24 electrodes that are fixed to the logging tool,which can move in the pipeline to acquire data on the conductivity distribution of oil/water mixture flow at different depths.A sensitivity-based algorithm was introduced to reconstruct the cross-sectional images.Analysis on the sensitivity of the sensor to the distribution of oil/water mixture flow was carried out to optimize the position of the imaging cross-section.The imaging results obtained using various boundary conditions at the pipe wall and the logging tool were compared.Eight typical models with various conductivity distributions were created and the measurement data were obtained by solving the forward problem of the sensor system.Image reconstruction was then implemented by using the simulation data for each model.Comparisons between the models and the reconstructed images show that the number and spatial distribution of the oil bubbles can be clearly identified.     

INTERNAL THERMOSYPHON REBOILER

A very serious problem of instability that arises in the vertical thermosyphon reboilers can be solved by a newly developed equipment called internal thermosyphon reboiler. Experiments were carried out in both quartz tube and copper tube with the same geometrical dimensions. The former allowed better visual observation and the latter gave more quantitative informations. Water, sulfuric acid, triethanol-amine, heavy oil, ethanol-water, methanol-ethanol, ethanol-propanol and some other mixtures were used as working media. Particles of polypropene with density very close to water were used as the tracer in water system for investigating the flow characteristics. Rate of circulation, flow patterns, rate of heat transfer and fouling in this equipment were studied. A flow model and a design method were proposed. The results calculated could predict the characteristics of two-phase flow and heat transfer inside this boiling equipment.     

Mixture temperature prediction of waxy oil–water two-phase system flowing near wax appearance temperature

Temperature sensitivity of waxy crude oils makes it difficult to study their flow behaviour in the presence of water especially near their wax appearance temperature(WAT). In this study a method was proposed and implemented to mitigate such difficulties which was applied in predicting mixture temperatures(Tm) of a typical Malaysian waxy crude oil and water flow in a horizontal pipe. To this end, two analytical models were derived firstly from calorimetry equation which based on developed two correlations for defining crude oil heat capacity actualized from the existed specific heat capacities of crude oils. The models were then applied for a set of experiments to reach the defined three predetermined Tm(26 °C, 28 °C and 30 °C). The comparison between the predicted mixture temperatures(Tm,1and Tm,2) from the two models and the experimental results displayed acceptable absolute average errors(0.80%, 0.62%, 0.53% for model 1; 0.74%, 0.54%, 0.52% for model 2). Moreover,the average errors for both models are in the range of standard error limits(±0.75%) according to ASTM E230.Conclusively, the proposed model showed the ease of obtaining mixture temperatures close to WAT as predetermined with accuracy of ± 0.5 °C approximately for over 84% of the examined cases. The method is seen as a practical reference point to further study the flow behaviour of waxy crudes in oil–water two-phase flow system near sensitive temperatures.     

Investigating the flow characteristics of air-lift pumps operating in gas-liquid two-phase flow

Experiments were conducted to investigate the flow characteristics in the riser pipe and the suction pipe of airlift pump at a series of air flow rates and submergence ratios by using a high speed camcorder and a Laser Doppler Velocimetry system(LDV). A modified model was developed to predict the performance of airlift pump operating in gas-liquid two-phase flow. The results show that an unstable flow structure composed by a water falling film,a bubbly mixture, a water ascending film appearing alternately in riser pipe dominates the performance of airlift pump at large air flow rates. The bubbly mixture with a strongest capacity for pumping water first increases to its maximum and then slightly decreases. In suction pipe, the average velocity shows a flat profile and increases with increasing submergence ratio. Moreover, the predicted results of modified model are in good agreement with the experimental data in a margin of ± 12%.     

纳米流体对空气与水通过水平管道迟缓两相流的减阻作用的实验研究（英文）

This study investigates the effect of injecting nanofluids containing nano-SiO2 as drag reducing agents (DRA) at different concentrations on the pressure drop of air–water flow through horizontal pipe. The test fluid used in this study was air–water with nano-SiO2 particles at 0.1%–1%mass concentration. The test sections of the experi-mental set-up were five pipes of the same length of 9 m with ID from 0.0127m–0.03175m (0.5 to 1.25 in). Air–water flow was run in slug flow regime under different volumetric flow rates. The results of drag reduction (η%) indicated that the addition of DRA could be efficient up to some dosage. Drag reduction performed much better for smal er pipe diameters than it did for larger ones. For various nanosilica concentrations, the maximum drag reduction was about 66.8%for 0.75%mass concentration of nanosilica.     

径向移动床反应器流场特性及其数学模拟

本文票据主流道变质量流及颗粒床层气固体力学理论,建立了完整的径向移动床反应器流体力学数学模型,开发了模拟计算床层气相二维流场的一种新的数学方法及相应的计算程序。黛此可以模拟计算床层气相压力和轴径向速度的二维分布、内外主流道压力和流速分布以及布气孔道的过孔气速和压降。根据模拟计算结果,提出首先优化设计两主流道截面积分配,然后采用变开孔率设计消除开孔区端效应的两步设计方法。借此实现径向移动床反应器的优     

基于分相流模型的气液两相流流量测量

从伯努利方程出发,基于分相流模型,推导出气液两相流流过文丘里管的流量公式.在分析了两相流通过节流装置的实际流动情况后,作者认为气液两相滑移比是影响流量公式误差的一个重要因素.在理论与实验研究的基础上,作者提出了气液两相流流过文丘里管的滑移比经验关联式.利用作者提出的滑移比经验关联式和分相流模型的流量公式测量两相流流量,体积流量误差的均方根小于5.1%,表明该方法适用流过文丘里管的两相流流量测量,尤其对于两相流动激烈的两相相互作用区域,流量误差满足测量的要求.     

小容积流量工况下汽轮机级内流场的数值分析

采用FLUENT软件对某300MW汽轮机高压缸内小容积流量工况下的多级流动进行数值分析。结果表明:小容积流量工况下,负攻角也引起高压缸叶片流道内产生分离流动,并且上级流场对下级流场的影响很大。前一级的分离流动使下一级动静叶流道内的分离区域增多,分离涡的强度变大,甚至影响了叶片压力面中间部分的流场,导致流体在动叶前缘近壁区域的主流流向和速度有很大程度的改变。因此,进行小容积流量下多级流动的模拟是非常必要的。     

微槽道内流动沸腾的流阻特性研究

研究了去离子水在3种规格矩形微槽内竖直向上流动沸腾的流阻特性,着重考察了出口干度、质量流速、进口过冷度和微槽尺寸对沸腾流动压降的影响.试验结果表明,两相摩擦压降随出口干度增大而增大,在相同出口干度下,入口质量流速越大摩擦压降越大,摩擦压降与入口过冷度无关;随着微槽道尺寸减小,摩擦压降增大.     

Coaxial Flow Contactors as Alternative to Double T-Contactors for Triphasic Slug Flow Generation

Triphasic gas-liquid-liquid slug flow systems have great application potential in flow chemistry and are normally generated with a double T-junction where the continuous phase and one disperse phase form a two-phase flow and the second disperse phase is added at the second junction. This design is limited to high disperse phase ratios when a regular and uniform flow is desired. The use of coaxial contactors allows overcoming most of these restrictions. The slug generation, stability, and regularity of the generated triphasic flow were experimentally characterized.     

管式振荡流反应器的流动模式研究(Ⅰ)PIV和RTD实验研究

采用粒子成像可视化（PIV）技术研究了管式振荡流反应器（OFR）内的流场形态和混合特点,并采用脉冲进样法测定了OFR在不同振荡条件下的停留时间分布函数。实验结果表明,OFR的混合特性十分复杂,并随振荡强度的变化呈现出不同的特征。振荡强度较低时,振荡使得OFR径向混合加强,减少了滞留区,流体的流动趋于平推流;振荡强度较高时,腔室内布满数目、尺寸和位置不断变化的漩涡,使每个腔室趋向于全混,腔室问的返混增大。实验数据与多级串联全混釜模型的比较结果显示,OFR的混合特性远非简单流动模式模型所能表征。     

倾斜下降管内油气水三相流流型转变的实验研究

对倾斜下降管倾角变化对油气水三相流流型转变的影响进行了研究 ,通过大量实验得到流型图 ,发现倾角对流型转变有重大影响 :倾角增大到 3 0°时 ,增大气流量 ,泡状流已不再转变为间歇流 ,而是分层流 ;倾角变化对环状流和间歇流之间的转变影响显著。得到的界限方程规律与实验现象及流型图符合良好     

非流态化流体—颗粒流

本文应用多相流理论与颗粒介质力学研究非流态化流体—颗粒两相流动力学。建立了一系列动力学方程式,将流体压力、颗粒间接触压力、床层空隙率与颗粒和流体的性质、床的几何结构、操作条件相关联。这些方程的计算结果与大量实验数据相吻合。本文还归纳了垂直非流态化两相流的十三种操作状态,绘制了垂直移动床流体颗粒流动相图,定量地指明了各种操作状态存在的条件及其相互关系,并对理想料封状态进行了重点讨论。     

挡板偏心度对振荡流反应器三维流场对称性影响的研究

借助商业计算流体力学软件CFX,运用有限容积法离散振荡流反应器（OFR）的单个腔室,对具有理想对称几何边界和轻微挡板偏心度的OFR在系列振荡雷诺数（Reo）下的三维流场进行了仿真模拟,并将其可视化计算流场与实验流场进行比较,研究了OFR几何边界上的非对称因素对其内三维流场流型的影响.模拟结果表明在有效消除计算随机误差以及误差积累的情况下,几何边界理想对称OFR内的三维层流流场呈现出良好的中心对称性和周向均匀性,而湍流流场中心对称的同时呈现出周向非均匀结构--在圆周上生成8个中心对称排列的横向漩涡,其形态与Couette流中的泰勒涡类似.另外,挡板偏心度对OFR内的振荡流场的对称性有重要影响：在较大的下,其三维流场生成非对称性显著的大尺度漩涡对;并且随的增大,流场的非对称程度加大而增加.     

垂直流人工湿地内水流流态分析

通过示踪剂实验,采用停留时间分布(RTD)理论对不同出水口高度下垂直流人工湿地内的水流流态进行了分析。研究表明水流在垂直流人工湿地中的流动是介于理想的活塞流和全混流之间的非理想流动状态;不同出水口高度下,垂直流人工湿地内水流流态的不同主要体现在水流在人工湿地内停留时间的长短上面,而水流的分散程度相差不大;出水口较高时,水流在垂直流人工湿地内的平均停留时间也较长,该水流流态有利于污染物在人工湿地中的降解。