铈盐引发高吸附量氨基化PGMA高分子微球合成及去除废水中Cr(VI)(英文)

A novel polyglycidylmethacrylate(PGMA) microspheres with high adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) was prepared by cerium(IV) initiated graft polymerization of tentacle-type polymer chains with amino group on polymer microspheres with hydroxyl groups.The micron-sized PGMA microspheres were prepared by a dispersion polym-erization method and subsequently modified by ring-opening reaction to introduce functional hydroxyl groups.The polymer microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The results indicated that the polymer microspheres had an average diameter of 5 μm with uniform size distribution.The free amino group content was determined to be 5.13 mmol?g?1 for g-PGMA-NH2 mi-crospheres by potentiometric and conductometric titration methods.The Cr(VI) adsorption results indicated that the graft polymerization of tentacle-type polymer chains on the polymer microspheres could produce adsorbents with high adsorption capacity(500 mg?g?1).The polymer microspheres with grafted tentacle polymer chains have poten-tial application in large-scale removal of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution.     

聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚乙二醇(PEG)对氧化铝料浆剪切屈服应力-Ph曲线的影响

The pH dependence of the extrapolated shear yield stress for Alcoa A16 α-Al2O3 suspensions at the powder volume fraction of 0.27 with and without addition of both polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) each at fixed 0.18% of the powder mass was studied. Whith the polymer added, the full deflocculation of the suspension shifts from about pH=4 to around pH=1.5, at which the minimum value of shear yied stress is higher than that at pH=4. The addition of both PVA and PEG was found to prevent the filter cake from cracking.     

分散聚合法合成含有环氧基的无孔超顺磁性微球及其表征

Non-porous superparamagnetic polymer microspheres with epoxy groups were prepared by dispersion polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in the presence of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles coated with oleic acid. The polymerization was carried out in the ethanol/water medium using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as stabilizer and initiator, respectively. The magnetic microspheres obtained were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the magnetic microspheres had an average size of 1μm with superparamagnetic characteristics. The saturation magnetization was found to be 4.5emu·g-1. There was abundance of epoxy groups with density of 0.028 mmol·g-1 in microspheres. The magnetic PGMA microspheres have extensive potential uses in magnetic bioseparation and biotechnology.     

PE膜表面接枝间苯二酚

Low density polyethylene film surface-grafted process. Firstly, acrylic acid was grafted to the surface grafting. Secondly, the carboxylic groups in poly （acrylic resorcinol was prepared by a sequential of low density polyethylene by UV photoacid） chains were transferred to acyl chloride groups by the reaction of carboxylic groups with thionyl chloride. The stability of acyl chloride groups in several solvents （alcohol, water, acetone, aqueous NaOH and in N2 atmosphere） was investigated, and N2 atmosphere and acetone were appropriate media to protect acyl chloride groups from side reaction. Finally, resorcinol monomer reacted with acyl chloride to append to the poly（acrylic acid） chains at room temperature. FT-IR ATR was used to characterize the change of carbonyl groups during each step of the grafting process. Furthermore, by the experimental data of gravimetric analysis the grafted resorcinol monomer on the surface of low density polyethylene film was verified to have undergone condensation with acetone further in the resorcinol/acetone solution at 56℃, which might be a useful feature for synthesizing a thermoplastic/thermosetting composition.     

亲和反胶团选择性萃取分离酵母乙醇脱氢酶

The reversed micelles were formed with cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant and n-hexanol as cosolvent in the CTAB (50mmol L-1)/hexanol (15% by volume)/hexane system. Cibacron Blue 3GA (CB) as an affinity ligand in the aqueous phase was directly introduced to the reversed micelles with electrostatic interaction between anionic CB and cationic surfactant. High molecular weight (Mr) protein, yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH, Mr = 141000) from baker's yeast, has been purified using the affinity reversed micelles by the phase transfer method. Various parameters, such as CB concentration, pH and ionic strength, on YADH forward and backward transfer were studied. YADH can be transferred into and out from the reversed micelles under mild conditions (only by regulation of solution pH and salt concentration) with the successful recovery of most YADH activity. Both forward and backward extractions occurred when the aqueous phase pH>pI with electrostatic attraction between YADH and CTAB. Th     

乙醇和PVA的光助Fenton降解机理

Contrast degradation experiments between ethanol and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were conducted during H2O2, UV/H2O2, Fenton, and Photo-Fenton processes in this study. UV/VIS spectra showed: that complexes between Fe(Ⅲ) and organics were easily formed and degraded within reaction time. Compared with.the degradation of complex, hydroxyl radicals acted weakly in Fenton or Photo-Fenton process. Hydroxyl radicals involved in Photo-Fenton process were deemed to be generated from the split decomposition of H202, photolysis of Feaq^3 , and degradation of hydrated Fe(IV)-complex but not traditional Fenton reaction. Experimental evidence to support this point was presented in this paper.     

磁性聚合物微球在Cr(VI)吸附分离中的应用(英文)

The magnetic poly-(methacrylate-divinyl benzene) microspheres with micron size were synthesized by modified suspension polymerization method.Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by magnetic poly-(MA-DVB) microspheres with surface amination was investigated.The adsorption processes were carried out under diversified conditions of pH value,adsorption time and temperature to evaluate the performance of the mag-netic microspheres.The optimum pH value for Cr(VI) adsorption was found as 3.The adsorption capacity increased with adsorption time and attained an optimum at 60 min.The adsorption processes for magnetic microspheres was endothermic reaction,and the adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature.     

Synthesis of allylamine in ethanol

Allylamine was prepared from the ammonolysis of allyl chloride or the reaction of allyl chloride with hexamethylenetetramine in ethanol. The selectivity of allylamine was improved from 21.4% to 67.6% when the reaction was carried out in ethanol instead of liquid ammonia. At the same time, the selectivity of allylamine was increased from 13.3% to 67.6% when the molar ratio of NH3 to allyl chloride was increased from 4. 5 ： 1 to 25 ： 1. However, the reaction of allyl chloride and hexamethylenetetramine in ethanol produced allylamine with high selectivity （100%） and high yield （87%）. The synthesis of allylamine from the reaction of allyl chloride and hexamethylenetetramine in ethanol was more straightforward and convenient.     

带环氧基的超顺磁性高分子微球的制备及其性能表征

Micron-size superparamagnetic poly(styrene-divinylbenzene-glycidyl methacrylate) (PSt-DVB-GMA)spheres were prepared via a modified suspension copolymerization method. Oleic acid coated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles made by co-precipitation were first mixed with monomers of St, DVB, GMA, and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) to form oil in water suspension with the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP-K30) as a stabilizer.Then the temperature of mixture was increased at a controlled rate to obtain small and relatively uniform droplets.Finally, the copolymerization reaction was initiated by the decomposition of BPO. The morphology and properties of magnetic PSt-DVB-GMA microspheres were examined by SEM, TEM, VSM, XRD and FT-IR. The magnetic microspheres obtained have very small size (about 4-7 μm) in diameter with narrow size distribution and superparamagnetic characteristics. Powder X-ray diffraction measurements show the inverse cubic spinel structure for the magnetite dispersed in polymer microspheres. FT-IR spectroscopy indicates extensive oxirane groups existed on the surface of magnetic PSt-DVB-GMA microspheres.     

MACROPROCESS OF PARTICLE FORMATION IN SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE WITH INORGANIC STABILIZER SYSTEM

The macroprocess of particle formation from suspension droplets of styrene in a pdymerizationsystem was investigated.Inorganic hydroxyapatite or its mixture with polyvinyl alcohol as thepolymerization system was used.Those items such as the effects of the Weight fraction of dispersed-phase,the amount of the inorganic stabilizer and the agitation speed on the breakup and coalescence of thetransient dispersed drops etc.Were examined.Results showd that the dynamic behavior of the transi-ent polymer droplets changed in the presence of the suspension stabilizer during the reaction.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.