吡虫啉合成的工艺优化和工业放大

In order to reduce the production cost of imidacloprid, the preparation technology for the direct combination of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine and 2-nitryliminoglyoxaline has been optimized in a 10L stirred tank reactor with a new solvent, butanone, and a new catalyst, benzyl triethyl-ammonium chloride (BTEAC), which was proved to be more profitable for the production of imidacloprid. Three main affecting factors (the reaction temperature, the molar ratio of BTEAC to 2-nitryliminoglyoxaline and the concentration of 2-nitryliminoglyoxaline) for the production of imidacloprid were investigated and the optimum operating conditions were found. Based on the above technological optimization, an industrial process for imidacloprid with a production capacity of 50 tons per year was put in operation using a 2500 L stirred tank reactor under the same operating conditions. Good yield and purity of imidacloprid was also obtained ia the industrial production.     

The effect of operating conditions on acylation of 2-methylnaphthalene in a microchannel reactor

Acylation of 2-methylnaphthalene(2-MN) is a very important reaction in organic synthesis,and the effiency of the continuous reactor is more than one of the batch reactor.Considering that the Friedel–Crafts acylation is a rapid exothermic reaction,in this study,we perform the acylation of 2-MN in a stainless steel microchannel flow reactor,which is characterized by high mass and heat transfer rates.The effect of reactant ratio,mixing temperature,reaction temperature,and reaction time on product yield and selectivity were investigated.Under the optimal conditions,2-methyl-6-propionylnaphthalene(2,6-MPN) was obtained in 85.8% yield with 87.5% selectivity.Compared with the conventional batch system,the continuous flow microchannel reactor provides a more efficient method for the synthesis of 2,6-MPN.     

使用纤维素-钛白粉复合扩张床阴离子吸附剂提取D-2-氯丙酸脱卤酶

The TiO2-densified cellulose composite beads were activated by epichlorohydrin and coupled with diethylamine, to function as an anion exchanger for expanded bed chromatography. The adsorbent exhibited a favorable performance of expanded bed adsorption for proteins, and therefore was applied to the expanded bed recovery of D-2-chloropropionic acid dehalogenase directly from the unclarified homogenate of Pseudomonas sp. NT21. The binding capacity of the dehalogenase was found to be 8.54U·ml^-1 adsorbent, and two active peaks were eluted respectively at 0.15mol·L^-1 and 0.3mol·L^-1 （NH4）2SO4. The result indicated that the overall enzyme yield was 68%, with a purification factor of 22. In comparison to other recovery processes, the yield of the expanded bed process rises at least 70%, simultaneously saving a great deal of operation time and costs.     

超重力场中重氮盐水解制备对羟基苯甲醛

A new type of reactor,featured with impinging stream-rotating packed bed(IS-RPB)and coil pipes,was designed and used to prepare p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(PHB)by hydrolysis from diazonium salts.The influence of operating parameters,such as reaction temperature,reaction time and high gravity factor,on the yield of PHB was investigated.Compared with the traditional kettle-type reactor,the yield of PHB with the new reactor is increased significantly and the reaction time is much shorter.Under the optimum conditions,the yield of PHB is increased from 51%to 84.1%.The reactor offers an opportunity for replacing the traditional batch mode operation with a continuous process.     

近临界水中水解鱼蛋白制备氨基酸

The hydrolysis technology and reaction kinetics for amino acids production from fish proteins in subcritical water reactor without catalysts were investigated in a reactor with volume of 400 ml under the conditions of reaction temperature from 180-320℃, pressure from 5-26 MPa, and time from 5-60 rain. The quality and quantity of amino acids in hydrolysate were determined by bioLiquid chromatography, and 17 kinds of amino acids were obtained. For the important 8 amino acids, the experiments were conducted to examine the effects of reaction temperature, pressure and time on amino acids yield. The optimum conditions for high yield are obtained from the experimental results. It is found that the nitrogen and carbon dioxide atmosphere should be used for leucine, isoleucine and histidine production while the air atmosphere might be used for other amino acids. The reaction time of 30 rain and the experimental temperature of 220℃, 240℃ and 260℃ were adopted for reaction kinetic research. The total yield of amino acids versus reaction time have been examined experimentally. According to these experimental data and under the condition of water excess, the macroscopic reaction kinetic equation of fish proteins hydrolysis was obtained with the hydrolysis reaction order of 1.615 and the rate constants being 0.0017, 0.0045 and 0.0097 at 220℃, 240℃ and 260℃ respectively. The activation energy is 145.1 kJ·mol^- 1.     

用于甲烷偶联的SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-α中空纤维膜反应器建模

Proton-hole mixed conductor, SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-α(SCYb), has the potential to be used as a membrane for dehydrogenation reactions such as methane coupling due to its high C2-selectivity and its simplicity for fabricating reactor systems. In addition, the mixed conducting membrane in the hollow fibre geometry is capable of providing high surface area per unit volume. In this study, mechanism of methane coupling reaction on the SCYb membrane was proposed and the kinetic parameters were obtained by regression of experimental data. A mathematical model describing the methane coupling in the SCYb hollow fibre membrane reactor was also developed.With this mathematical model, various operating conditions such as the operation mode, operation pressure and feed concentrations affecting performance of the reactor were investigated. The simulation results show that the cocurrent flow in the reactor exhibits higher conversion of methane and higher yield of ethylene compared to the countercurrent flow. In order to achieve the highest C2 yield, especially of ethylene, pure methane should be used as feed and the operating pressure be 300 kPa. Air can be used as the source of oxygen for the reaction and it soptimum feed velocity is twice of the methane feed velocity. The air pressure in the lumen side should be kept the same as or slightly lower than the vressure of shell side.     

The Intermetallic Catalysts for Oxidative Esterification of Methacrolein to Methyl Methacrylate

A series of supported intermetallic Pb-Pb catalysts were prepared with the impregnation method by changing the support (silica, molecular sieve or g-alumina ) and the pore size. The chemical states of the two metals were characterized by XPS analysis, the process for producing methyl methacrylate based on the direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein with methanol in the presence of oxygen was performed in a slurry reactor with the above-mentioned catalysts. The influence of the calcination temperature and the kinds of support as well as the pore size on catalytic activity had been extensively investigated. Under the conditions of temperature at 80℃, catalyst 3.8% (w) and the reaction time 2 h, the conversion rate of methacrolein reached 85%, the selectivity and the yield of methyl methacrylate were 90% and 76.5%, respectively.     

Hemicellulose in corn straw:Extracted from alkali solution and produced 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in HCOOH/HCOONa buffer solution☆

Hemicellulose in corn straw is a group of complex heteropolysaccharides which are composed of different sugar units, including mannans, xylans, arabinans and galactans. This study developed a simple and practical process for production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural(HMF) using hemicellulose that was extracted from corn straw. In the hemicellulose degradation process HCOOH/HCOONa was used as buffer solution, and the optimum conditions for maximum HMF yield were explored. Various extraction conditions including NaOH concentration, reaction time,temperature, solid-to-liquid ratio and precipitant were tested for hemicellulose obtaining, giving the optimum condition of 55 °C, 4 h, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10, 1.5 mol·L~(-1) NaOH solution and ethanol as precipitant with the yield of 34.16%. Dehydration of hemicellulose under HCOOH/HCOONa buffer solution process, using solution medium of pH = 0.8 hydrolyzed hemicellulose in corn straw at 190 °C after 190 min and 82% of HMF yield was achieved.     

非均相羰基氧化一步合成碳酸二苯酯的研究(Ⅴ)筛选催化剂及优化合成条件

Pd/LaxPbyMnOz, Pd/C, Pd/molecular sieve and Pd-heteropoly acid catalysts for direct synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by heterogeneous catalytic reaction were compared and the results of DPC synthesis indicated that the catalyst Pd/LaxPbyMnOz had higher activity. The Pd/LaxPbyMnOz catalyst and the support was characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM, the main phase was Lao.szPbo.asMnOa and the average diameter could be about 25.4nm. The optimuna conditions for synthesis of DPC with Pd/LasPbyMnOz were determined by orthogonal experiments and the experimental results showed that reaction temperature was the first factor of effect on the selectivity and yield of DPC, and the concentration of O2 in gas phase also had significant effect on selectivity of DPC. The optimum reaction conditions were catalyst/phenol mass ratio l to 50, pressure 4.5MPa, volume concentration of O2 25%, reaction temperature 60℃ and reaction time 4 h. The maximum yield and average selectivity could reach 13% and 97% respectively in the     

Modeling of a SrCe_(0.95)Yb_(0.05)O_3-αHollow Fibre Membrane Reactor for Methane Coupling

Proton-hole mixed conductor, SrCeo.95Yb0.05O3-α(SCYb), has the potential to be used as a membrane for dehydrogenation reactions such as methane coupling due to its high C2-selectivity and its simplicity for fabricating reactor systems. In addition, the mixed conducting membrane in the hollow fibre geometry is capable of providing high surface area per unit volume. In this study, mechanism of methane coupling reaction on the SCYb membrane was proposed and the kinetic parameters were obtained by regression of experimental data. A mathematical model describing the methane coupling in the SCYb hollow fibre membrane reactor was also developed. With this mathematical model, various operating conditions such as the operation mode, operation pressure and feed concentrations affecting performance of the reactor were investigated. The simulation results show that the cocurrent flow in the reactor exhibits higher conversion of methane and higher yield of ethylene compared to the countercurrent flow. In order to a     

直接环合制备2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶

2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶是合成吡虫啉和腚虫脒等杀虫剂的关键中间体。研究了一种直接环合的方法,用2-氯-2氯甲基-4-氰基丁醛与三氯氧磷反应来制备2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶。通过正交实验优化了反应条件,2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶的产品纯度可以达到95%以上。     

The Preparation of Imidacloprid in a Jet Loop Reactor

A new process for the direct combination of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine and 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine under benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) as the catalyst and butanone as the solvent to yield imidacloprid in an 11.5 L jet loop reactor was developed. Five main reaction conditions including reaction temperature, molar ratio of BTEAC to 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine, concentration of 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine, jet liquid flow rate, and the ratio of the inside diameter of the draft tube to that of the reactor were investigated and optimized. The average molar yield and purity of imidacloprid increased to approximately 80% and 92% under the optimum operating conditions, respectively. Finally, a comparison of the efficiency for the preparation of imidacloprid between the jet loop reactor and the stirred tank reactor under the same operating conditions was conducted.     

The Preparation of Imidacloprid in a Jet Loop Reactor

A new process for the direct combination of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine and 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine under benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) as the catalyst and butanone as the solvent to yield imidacloprid in an 11.5 L jet loop reactor was developed. Five main reaction conditions including reaction temperature, molar ratio of BTEAC to 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine, concentration of 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine, jet liquid flow rate, and the ratio of the inside diameter of the draft tube to that of the reactor were investigated and optimized. The average molar yield and purity of imidacloprid increased to approximately 80% and 92% under the optimum operating conditions, respectively. Finally, a comparison of the efficiency for the preparation of imidacloprid between the jet loop reactor and the stirred tank reactor under the same operating conditions was conducted.     

清洁溶剂应用于吡虫啉合成工艺中研究

以2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶为原料,用清洁溶剂乙醇代替乙腈,采用硝基胍法对吡虫啉的合成进行了工艺改进。考察了溶剂、温度、原料配比、时间等因素对反应的影响。获得以乙醇为溶剂的最佳合成工艺条件:反应温度40℃,原料配比n乙二胺:n2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶=2:1,反应时间为3 h,得到中间体2-氯-5-甲基吡啶乙二胺的产率为75.5%,纯度为95.30%。     

2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶生产工艺的改进

2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶是吡虫啉等农药的关键中间体。工业生产中采用直接环合法生产存在甲苯用量大、不易回收、精馏过程产品损失等问题。通过优化环合反应,用结晶法提纯产品,使环合反应收率达到77.91%,结晶提纯率大于83%,产品纯度达到90%以上,能够满足工业生产要求,且减少了甲苯的使用和精馏废渣的排放。     

吗啉法制备2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶

2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶是农用杀虫剂吡虫啉、乙虫咪、烯啶虫胺和噻虫啉的重要中间体，采用吗啉法制备2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶，具有纯度高、原材料成本低、三废少的特点，是一条值得关注的、可行的工业化路线。     

2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶电化学氢化脱氯合成2-氯-5-甲基吡啶

2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶（TCMP）选择性氢化脱氯制备2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶（CCMP）或2-氯-5-甲基吡啶（CMP）在农药“吡虫啉”合成中具有重要应用价值。首先在弱酸性的甲醇/乙酸/水混合溶剂中研究了TCMP电化学脱氯合成CCMP或CMP的可行性;其次,研究了阴极材料和电解液组成对TCMP选择性脱氯反应的影响;最后,采用膜厚度极距的板框式电解槽分别研究了阴、阳极支持电解质对电解槽压和电流密度与底物浓度对脱氯反应效率的影响。实验结果表明,在弱酸性的甲醇/乙酸/水混合溶剂中,TCMP能在银网阴极上高选择性的氢化脱氯成CMP;CMP收率从高到低的阴极依次为：银> 铜> 锌> 铅> 钛> 石墨> 镍。阴阳极支持电解质从四丁基高氯酸铵分别换成乙酸锂和硫酸,电解槽压大幅度下降。降低电流密度和提高底物浓度有利于TCMP电化学氢化脱氯效率。在优化条件下（阴极液：含10%乙酸+5%水+0.2 mol·L^-1乙酸锂的甲醇溶液;阴极：银网;电流密度：333 A·m^-2;温度：30℃）,0.2 mol·L^-1 TCMP 能高效地转化为CMP（收率：91%）,电流效率可达54%,电解槽压大约为3.0 V。     

2-氯-3-氰甲基吡啶的合成及表征

对2-氯-3-氰甲基吡啶(Ⅳ)的合成进行了研究。首先,起始原料2-氯烟酸和SOCl2在甲苯中回流酰化,再加入甲醇酯化,得到2-氯烟酸甲酯(Ⅰ),产率94%。Ⅰ在NaBH4-MeOH/THF还原体系中,于70℃反应生成2-氯-3-羟甲基吡啶(Ⅱ),产率93%。Ⅱ和SOCl2在二氯甲烷中,0℃反应生成2-氯-3-氯甲基吡啶(Ⅲ),产率92%。最后,Ⅲ和NaCN在DMSO和水体系中,100℃时发生氰基取代,生成2-氯-3-氰甲基吡啶(Ⅳ),产率86%。该合成路线的总收率达70%。中间产物和目标化合物经元素分析,FTIR和1HNMR进行了表征。     

2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶在不同溶剂中溶解度的测定与关联(英文)

2-Chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine is a crucial intermediate of pesticides. Its solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial design and further theoretical studies. The solubilities of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine in water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, trichloromethane and toluene at different temperatures were measured using the synthetic method by a laser monitoring observation technique. The solubility data were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation and Wilson equation. The calculated values were in good agreement with the experimental values.