SEBS-g-MAH和EP复合增容PA610/PC合金的研究

选用SEBS-g-MAH和EP为复合增容剂,采用熔融挤出的方法制备了PA610/PC合金,研究了该合金的力学性能、熔融结晶及微观结构形态。结果表明,当PA610/SEBS-g-MAH(EP)/PC组分比为75/9(2)/25时,合金的冲击强度比不加增容剂时提高了281.4%,断裂伸长率提高了346.0%。而增容剂的加入使合金中PA610的结晶温度升高,结晶速率增大而结晶度降低,由于异相成核作用使结晶发生细化,使得韧性提高、熔点降低。微观结构形态研究表明,在只加入SEBS-g-MAH的PA610/PC合金中,合金断面有很多PC被拔出及余留空洞的现象;在加入EP协同增容后,PC被拔出的现象减少,与PA610基体的界面粘合增强,空洞消失。     

SEBS-g-MAH对PC/PBT共混物性能影响

利用双螺杆挤出机制备聚碳酸酯(PC)/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)/马来酸酐接枝氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)的共混物.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、平板流变仪研究了SEBS-g-MAH对PC/PBT共混物的机械性能、断面形态结构、动态力学行为的影响.结果表明:SEBS-g-MAH提高了PC/PBT共混物的相容性,随着SEBS-g-MAH用量的增加,共混物的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率上升,拉伸强度和弯曲强度下降.当SEBS-g-MAH质量分数为5%时共混物的综合性能最佳,同时,SEBS-g-MAH的加入.并未对PC/PBT共混物的成型加工性能产生不良影响.     

SEPS/PA6/PPO三元合金的制备及性能研究

利用共混挤出方法制备了氢化苯乙烯-异戊二烯共聚物(SEPS)/聚苯醚(PPO)/尼龙6(PA6)三元合金材料,考察了SEPS和SEBS-g-MAH对合金材料性能的影响。通过扫描电镜分析合金的形态结构,用高压毛细管流变仪研究合金的流变性能,用万能材料试验机测试合金的拉伸和弯曲性能,用冲击试验机测试合金的韧性。结果表明,随着SEPS含量增加,合金的韧性显著提高,当SEPS含量为25%时,合金的悬臂梁缺口冲击强度达到10.76 k J/m~2;加入SEBS-g-MAH能起到明显的增容效果。     

SEBS-g-MAH增韧尼龙1012的研究

选用SEBS-g-MAH作为增韧剂,采用熔融挤出的方法制备了尼龙1012/SEBS-g-MAH的共混合金,并对其力学性能和微观形态结构进行了研究.结果表明,随着SEBS-g-MAH用量的增加,共混合金的缺口冲击强度明显提高.当SEBS-g-MAH质量分数为15%时,其缺口冲击强度为125 kJ/m2,是纯尼龙1012的20倍左右,而拉伸强度和弯曲强度保持在70%以上.通过微观形态的研究得出增韧机理为银纹-剪切带增韧机理.     

PBT/PA610共混合金的制备及其力学性能的研究

选用环氧树脂(EP)、(苯乙烯/乙烯-丁烯/苯乙烯)三嵌段共聚物接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH)和(乙烯/马来酸酐/甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯)三元共聚物(EMG)为增容剂,采用熔融挤出的方法制备了PBT/PA610/EP、PBT/PA610/EP/SEBS、PBT/PA610/EP/EMG3种合金,研究了这3种合金的力学性能。结果表明,当PBT/PA610/EP的质量比为70/30/3时,合金的冲击强度比不加EP时提高了37.3%,比纯PBT提高了91.2%;而且在PBT/PA610/EP的质量比为70/30/3时,随着SEBS-g-MAH和EMG含量的增加,合金的冲击强度也明显提高。     

PPS/SEBS-g-MAH/PA46合金的制备及性能研究

通过合金化增韧改性PPS。在聚苯硫醚(PPS)中加入聚酰胺(PA46)和增容剂苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH),通过熔融共混制备了PPS/SEBS-g-MAH/PA46合金;进一步使用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)对PPS树脂进行活化处理,之后同样制备了活化PPS/SEBS-g-MAH/PA46合金。测试了合金的力学性能和热性能,并用扫描电镜观察了合金的微观结构形态。结果表明,加入增容剂后,合金的冲击强度有所提高;PPS树脂经过MDI活化后,合金的性能显著提高;当活化PPS/PA46质量比为70/30、SEBS-g-MAH质量分数为9%时,能制备出综合性能优良的合金材料,其冲击强度为8.4 kJ/m2,拉伸强度为61.2 MPa,弯曲强度为81.5 MPa,热变形温度为117℃。     

SEBS和SEBS-g-MAH对PPO/PA66合金性能影响的研究

在双螺杆挤出机上采用共混挤出的方法制备了苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)和马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)增韧的聚苯醚(PPO)/聚酰胺66(PA66)合金。通过力学性能测试、扫描电子显微镜观察和吸水性实验,研究了SEBS和SEBS-g-MAH及其含量对PPO/PA66合金性能的影响。结果表明,SEBS-g-MAH增韧PPO/PA66合金体系的力学性能较好,吸水率较小。     

HYBRAR7311/LA4285/SEBS-g-MAH共混物性能研究

以马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)作为增容剂,通过熔融共混制备了苯乙烯热塑性弹性体(HYBRAR7311)/丙烯酸酯热塑性弹性体(LA4285)共混物。对不同配比的HYBRAR7311/LA4285/SEBS-g-MAH三元共混体系的性能进行了研究。结果表明,SEBS-g-MAH对HYBRAR7311/LA4285共混体系起到了明显的增容作用,当SEBS-g-MAH用量为1.5%时,HYBRAR7311/LA4285/SEBS-g-MAH共混物的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了28.5%、13.4%;随SEBS-g-MAH用量的增加,共混物的熔体流动速率降低,亲水性增强。     

(PA1010/66)/SEBS-g-MAH/DIDP/BSBA共混物的制备与性能研究

将尼龙(PA)1010盐和PA66盐按照质量比为9∶1的比例制备了PA1010/66共聚物。选择(苯乙烯/乙烯-丁烯/苯乙烯)共聚物接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH)和两种小分子增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、N-丁基苯磺酰胺(D IDP、BSBA),采用共混挤出法制备了(PA1010/66)/SEBS-g-MAH/D IDP/BSBA共混物,并对其力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着SEBS-g-MAH含量的增加,共混物的冲击强度明显提高。当SEBS-g-MAH质量分数为15%时,其缺口冲击强度为72.7 kJ/m2,是PA1010/66共聚物的16倍左右;拉伸强度保持率是PA1010/66共聚物的83%左右。通过SEM研究发现,SEBS-g-MAH对PA1010/66共聚物的增韧机理为银纹剪切带增韧机理。     

PA6/ABS/SMA/OMMT共混物的结构与性能研究

研究了有机蒙脱土(OMMT)对尼龙6(PA6)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)/苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)合金体系聚集态结构及性能的影响。实验表明:OMMT的加入提高了PA6/ABS合金体系的强度及模量,但加入OMMT后共混物的韧性有所下降。TEM的分析结果表明:对PA6/ABS/SMA/OMMT共混物,OMMT用量小于2份时,PA6/ABS/SMA/OMMT共混物中OMMT基本以剥离形态分布。     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.