特征香味含硫食品香料化合物

介绍了9种食品香味的特征含硫香料化合物,其中2-甲基-3-呋喃硫醇是肉香味、糠硫醇是咖啡和芝麻油香味、二烯丙基二硫醚是大蒜香味、二丙基二硫醚是洋葱香味、2-异丁基噻唑是番茄香味、3-甲硫基丙醛是马铃薯香味、2-甲基-5-甲硫基吡嗪是榛子香味、3-甲硫基丙酸甲酯是菠萝香味、1-对-烯-8-硫醇是圆柚香味的特征含硫香料化合物。孟艹     

生物催化法生产香料展望

本文介绍了目前国外采用生物催化法生产天然香料的方法及其所遇到的问题,并就解决这些问题的方法提出了相应的对策。     

噻唑类食品香料的研究进展

噻唑类香料是一类重要的含硫杂环类香料,由于其香气浓郁、特征性强,一直备受调香师的喜爱。随着分析技术的不断发展,越来越多的噻唑类化合物在食品中被鉴定出来。目前,经美国食用香料与萃取物制造者协会(FEMA)安全评价的噻唑类香料有39种(噻唑类29种、噻唑啉类10种),我国GB 2760—2014中允许使用的噻唑类香料有29种。重点对经过FEMA安全评价的39种噻唑类香料的研究现状进行了汇总,介绍了其允许使用情况、香气特征和天然存在情况等。总结了食品加工过程中噻唑类风味化合物可能的形成途径,包括含硫化合物热降解和美拉德反应两类。在食品加工过程中,含硫氨基酸在较高温度下会经过脱氨、脱羧等发生热降解反应形成噻唑及其衍生物。此外,硫胺素加热时也可以降解成多种含硫和含氮挥发性风味物质,其中噻唑类降解产物主要有4-甲基-5-(β-羟基乙基)噻唑、4-甲基噻唑、4,5-二甲基噻唑、4-甲基-5-乙基噻唑等。从传统化学合成、光化学合成和电化学合成3个方面介绍了噻唑类化合物典型的化学合成方法及其反应机理。最后,指出突破合成香料行业中存在的香料新品种开发与创新不足、传统生产工艺落后及环境污染严重等瓶颈问题,是未来促进我国合成香料产业快速稳定发展的研究重点。     

香料总汇--咖喱

咖喱,英文名字Cury,发源于印度。在当地咖喱指的是“各种香料混合烹煮”的意思,因此咖喱也被人们称为“香料总汇”。古代的中国与印度之间有着密切的文化交流,而由生药混合而成的中药与香料配制而成的咖喱有着异曲同工之处,其不仅在原料方面有很多是互通共用的,在配制方法上也是运用了文火熬制而达到功能平衡之功效的。     

重视天然香料的科研开发和生产应用

我国地域辽阔，自然条件优越，蕴藏着丰富的天然香料资源，在国际上占有重要地位。据不完全统计，全国已发现的野生香料植物和栽培种植的香料植物共有60多科，400多种。因此，重视天然香料的科研开发和生产应用显得十分重要。     

Production of volatile aroma compounds by kefir starter cultures

Production of carbonyl compounds by single-strain cultures, kefir starter (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus HP1+Lb. helveticus MP12+Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C15+Streptococcus thermophilus T15+Saccharomyces cerevisiae A13) and kefir grains during fermentation and storage of kefir was studied. The content of carbonyl compounds produced by kefir starter was greater than that produced by kefir grains. The maximum acetaldehyde concentration (18.3 μg g⁻¹) in kefir with starter culture was mainly due to the metabolic activity of Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus HP1 isolated from kefir grains. The highest diacetyl production activity was recorded in the starter culture (1.87 μg g⁻¹) and the single-strain culture St. thermophilus T15 (1.62 μg g⁻¹), followed by Lb. helveticus MP12 (0.85 μg g⁻¹) and Lc. lactis subsp. lactis C15 (0.42 μg g⁻¹). The lactobacilli Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus HP1 and Lb. helveticus MP12 produced acetone, which was not found in the cocci cultures. The presence of 2-butanone was related to the production ability of Lb. helveticus MP12. In comparison, Lc. lactis subsp. lactis C15 synthesized ethyl acetate more actively than the other single-strain cultures included in the starter. S. cerevisiae A13 produced ethanol and CO₂ in amounts (3975 μg g⁻¹; 1.80 g L⁻¹) that lent cultured kefir distinctive flavour and aroma characteristic of authentic kefir.     

茶叶香气提取方法

目前已鉴定的茶叶挥发性成分有700种左右,茶叶香气是由挥发性成分以一定的比例和含量组成的混合物,进而呈现出不同的茶叶风味。香气是茶叶的灵魂,关乎茶叶品质的优劣,影响消费者喜好度和选择性。茶叶挥发性成分的有效提取是研究茶叶风味及香气性能的关键,采用合适的茶叶香气提取方法,完整地萃取、富集真实茶香,有助于茶叶香气成分鉴定和分析。本研究综述了主要的茶叶香气提取方法,对其特点、应用性能进行了概述和总结,并提出了真实茶叶香气萃取的基本策略。     

全自动顶空进样法与回流-滴定法分析酿酒醪液中香气物质

醪液又称酒醅,是酿酒原料进行摊晾下曲后酒窖内发酵的综合物质,其所含呈味物质是蒸馏酒中芳香组分的重要组成.本实验主要研究内容是清香型白酒用曲在发酵过程中,重要香气物质的变化规律;并采用全自动顶空进样-气相色谱法与传统的皂化-回流滴定法进行对比分析,推测清香型大曲发酵醪液发酵过程中主要呈味物质为:乙醛、乙酸乙酯、乙醇;浓香型醪液主要呈味物质为:乙酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、乙醛、异戊醛、乙缩醛、异戊醇,香气成分较清香型复杂且含量多.滴定法所监测的清香型醪液变化主要为乙酸乙酯的变化,乙醛在发酵过程浓度平稳;蒸馏工艺可得到部分醪液中的酯类物质.     

Production of aroma compounds by Geotrichum candidum on waste bread crumb

After selection from eight yeast commercial or type strains based on their aromatic potential to valorize bread by-products, Geotrichum candidum ATCC 62217 formed fruity aroma compounds (pineapple-like) on fermented waste bread (35% white bread crumb and 65% water). Fatty acids esters were identified, including ethyl esters of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and isobutyric acid. Their production corresponded to the stationary growth phase of the strain and, after 48 h, it was improved by agitation and, to a lesser extent, at 30°C compared to 25 or 20°C. Aromatic properties of the strain were linked to its ability to metabolize organic acids.     

不同加香方式细支卷烟香味成分在烟气中的逐口释放

为了研究卷烟烟气中香味成分逐口释放规律,采用烟气香味成分GC-MS/MS测定方法,分析了烟气中醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类等不同种类香味成分在4种加香方式(烟丝加香、丝束加香、香线加香和爆珠加香)下主流烟气中的逐口释放规律。结果表明:①丝束加香和香线加香之间相似度最高,烟丝加香与其他3种加香方式相似度最低。②香味成分加香部位、结合方式和沸点是影响逐口释放的主要因素。③烟丝加香受蒸馏段高温影响,不同沸点香味成分逐口释放有较大差异,不同沸点的同类香味成分逐口释放占比也明显不同。④爆珠加香受爆珠香精溶剂和滤嘴温度影响,香味成分逐口释放最为稳定,沸点对同类香味成分的释放量无明显影响。⑤丝束加香和香线加香方式下香味成分逐口释放随口数增加而升高,沸点对同类香味成分的释放量无明显影响。      

不同干燥方式对胡萝卜粉香气成分的影响

采用固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱(SPME/GC-MS)联用技术,分别对胡萝卜鲜样及四种不同干燥胡萝卜粉的香气成分进行测定与分析。结果表明:胡萝卜鲜样的主要芳香成分为萜烯类,包括石竹烯,α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,β-月桂烯,柠檬烯等并以石竹烯为主。胡萝卜经过热风干燥、中短波红外干燥以及真空干燥后萜烯类物质损失较多,新生成了醛类、酮类及其他化合物。真空冷干燥能够最大程度的保留了鲜样胡萝卜的香气组分,同时酯类物质含量增高。     

蜂蜜香气成分检测的研究进展

该文综述了近年来国外蜂蜜香气成分研究情况。重点阐述了蜂蜜香气检测的前处理方法、如水蒸馏法、顶空法,固相微萃取等,比较了其的优缺点,并对已检测出来的物质汇总。指出了蜂蜜香气成分检测中存在的问题及改进意见。     

野木瓜果酒香气成分提取方法的比较

分别采用同时蒸馏法(simultaneous distillation extraction,SDE)、固相微萃取法(space-solid phase micro extraction,SPME)、固相萃取整体捕集剂法(monolithic material sorptive extraction,MMSE)对纯种发酵野木瓜果酒挥发性成分进行富集提取,以气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)结合保留指数(retention index,RI)对提取风味成分进行分离鉴定。3种方法共检出75种风味成分,可归类为醇类、酯类、酸类、醛酮类、芳香族类、萜类以及其他化合物。比较3种方法提取野木瓜果酒风味成分的特性,发现SDE法对大分子量、高沸点的醇类、酸类提取效果较好; SPME法提取低沸点的醇类、酯类、醛酮类化合物效果最佳。MMSE法对醇类、酯类、醛酮类、芳香族类化合物提取效果较好,但对酯类物质提取效果不及SPME。综合比较,SPME法最适宜于野木瓜果酒风味成分提取。     

Effect of finishing methods on washing durability of microencapsulated aroma finishing

To achieve a durable aroma finish on textiles has been a long time dream for textile chemists. As fragrances are volatile, only microencapsulated aroma can stay on textiles for long periods, since capsules greatly reduce the aroma evaporation rate. An aroma finished textile has to be washable. Therefore, aroma capsules finished on textiles should not only last for long time statically but also withstand harsh washing conditions. Due to low affinity between encapsulated aroma and fabric, a fixing agent must be applied with the capsules; the fabric has to undergo a curing treatment to make the agent fix these capsules. However, the curing process is usually a high-temperature thermal procedure that causes aroma loss from capsules by quick evaporation. Thus, fragrant durability on fabrics can vary significantly with different fixing agents and curing processes. Three fixing agents, three kinds of thermal curing equipment, and various curing conditions were investigated. By analysing properties of the fixing agents, heat transfer characteristics of the curing apparatus, and delivered energies in the curing conditions, a washing durable aroma capsule finishing process for cotton fabric was developed.     

不同干燥方式对蓝莓全粉香气成分的影响研究

以新鲜蓝莓为原料,运用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究了热风干燥、真空干燥、真空冷冻干燥和微波-热风联合干燥4种干燥方式对蓝莓全粉香气成分的影响。结果表明,蓝莓鲜样的香气成分以醇类和醛类为主,分别占总香气成分的26.42%和45.96%。与蓝莓鲜样相比,热风干燥全粉香气成分损失最多;真空冷冻干燥全粉醛类物质保留较少,其峰面积为2.22×107AU;微波-热风联合干燥全粉酮类物质损失较大,其峰面积为7.96×106AU;真空干燥全粉对醇类、醛类和酮类物质有更好的保留效果,其峰面积分别为7.83×107、7.24×107、4.83×107AU。综合香气成分和色泽考虑,真空干燥优于其它三种干燥方式,为蓝莓全粉加工方法的优选提供理论参考。