产品生命周期中的单/多层BOM表示与应用

在产品生命周期中，BOM作为描述产品结构与配置关系的表单，以多视图形式描述了产品形态的变化过程。许多文献对产品生命周期中BOM的某一视图或某几个视图进行了表述，但对产品生命周期BOM全过程的演进与内在联系，还缺少详尽的研究。本文提出一种面向产品生命周期管理的单层BOM基本视图和多层BOM表达技术，揭示了产品生命周期中BOM多视图的内在联系，并在汽车产品的生命周期管理中得到应用。     

单层物料清单(BOM)及多视图映射

介绍了物料清单(BOM)的结构，及其一种单层BOM在数据库中的实现方法，给出一种由单层BOM重构产品结构树的遍历算法。说明了BOM多视图的结构与用途，以及它们之间的差异和联系。提出一种基于单层BOM数据源的多视图映射模型，并分析了多视图映射的实现过程。     

面向轿车白车身生产过程的BOM多视图研究

介绍BOM层次结构和产品结构之间的关系,详细分析白车身生产线规划知识系统中采用的三种BOM视图,及其在各应用系统之间进行信息集成过程中的作用,给出白车身生产过程不同阶段对应的BOM多视图转换的实现方法及过程。     

面向复杂产品的多BOM转换建模与实现

针对复杂产品开发过程中各部门间的信息孤岛问题,建立了一种BOM多视图转换的形式化模型.基于产品结构定义了节点、关系和BOM,以及节点的操作方法;提出继承部件、关键部件、外协部件、虚拟部件和中间部件等五类部件的转换规则,论述了从EBOM到PPBOM、从PPBOM到MBOM的转换过程,实现了BOM的多视图转换.该模型应用于某制造企业的产品数据管理系统,保证了开发过程中产品数据的一致性与准确性.     

PLM环境下BOM多视图映射技术研究

产品全生命周期管理(Product Lifecycle Management,PLM)是制造业一种全新的信息管理理念,在PLM环境下,物料清单(Bill of Material,BOM)是使各个分系统有效集成的主线.产品BOM在其生命周期的不同应用领域有不同的数据视图,如何确保各BOM视图之间的数据完整、正确及一致性,是实现PLM的关键.基于这种需要,对BOM多视图映射技术进行了研究.通过定义分析设计物料清单(EBOM)、工艺物料清单(PPBOM)、制造物料清单(MBOM)及其相互关系,建立了BOM结构数学模型.在此基础上,结合虚拟部件、中间部件和外协部件的映射规则,给出了BOM结构映射算法,实现了EBOM向PPBOM以及PPBOM向MBOM的转换.基于作业车间调度问题(JSP)开发了BOM管理系统,工程应用证明,BOM视图转换技术是有效可行的.     

PLM系统中BOM多视图技术的研究

产品BOM在其生命周期中的不同应用领域有着不同的数据视图，如何确保各BOM视图之间的数据完整、正确及一致性，是产品全生命周期模型实现的关键。基于这种需要，对BOM多视图技术进行了研究，介绍了几种常用的BOM类型及其作用。着重介绍了核心BOM视图之间的映射过程。     

基于I-DEAS的BOM表自动生成系统研究和实现

提出了一种基于I—DEAS的BOM表自动生成的方法，不仅实现了BOM数据直接从CAD设计过程中收集产品信息；按照产品结构树的形式生成BOM库；按企业规定格式自动生成BOM表单；BOM的多视图生成。还通过I-DEAS的二次开发实现了产品装配图零件的自动标注，在装配图标注上直接修改标注信息通过更新来改变对应BOM数据库内容。同时详述了系统实现过程中涉及的I—DEAS二次开发技术，为国内的I—DEAS用户提供了一条应用的新思路。     

面向制造过程的工作流建模

分析了物料清单 (BOM)在产品制造过程中的核心地位 ,并根据工作流的建模模型 ,提出了将BOM表映射成Petri网的算法 ,利用所得到的Petri网建立了面向制造过程的工作流管理系统的过程模型。从而允许设计者仅根据产品的结构 ,而不需要知道实际的过程流程来自动地安排和执行生产任务。     

面向中小装备制造业平台的统一物料清单形态构建研究

针对中小装备制造企业经营管理平台的物料清单(BOM)的构建问题,在分析中小企业经营管理特点与产品生产制造过程BOM视图的基础上,提出了一种统一BOM形态的构建方法。综合产品全生命周期中各形态BOM的特点,重点讨论了统一的物料分类、产品关系定义及物料信息维护等BOM搭建过程中的主要问题,提出了解决方案,有效避免了多形态BOM的搭建和维护工作。在实际平台架构中进行了验证,确认该统一BOM形态稳定高效,能够为企业节约大量人力和物力,满足需求。     

面向汽车整车制造过程的多视图BOM数据管理信息系统研究

根据汽车整车制造企业信息化的实际情况,设计并实现了面向整车制造过程的BOM数据管理信息系统。以产品BOM为核心数据并集成管控和共享利用的业务模型构建了面向汽车整车制造过程的多视图BOM,并对产品配置管理、多视图BOM的构建等进行了分析,设计了系统的总体技术方案并实现模式。在东风汽车公司整车制造企业中的应用表明,该系统实现了企业不同部门BOM数据管理平台的高度统一,提高了产品开发效率,满足了客户个性化需求,解决了公司在整个产品生命周期中存在的一些关键问题。     

Concurrent process/inspection planning for a customized manufacturing system based on genetic algorithm

Producing products with multiple quality characteristics is always one of the concerns for an advanced manufacturing system. To assure product quality, finite manufacturing resources (i.e., process workstations and inspection stations) could be available and employed. The manufacturing resource allocation problem then occurs, therefore, process planning and inspection planning should be performed. Both of these are traditionally regarded as individual tasks and conducted separately. Actually, these two tasks are related. Greater performance of an advanced manufacturing system can be achieved if process planning and inspection planning can be performed concurrently to manage the limited manufacturing resources. Since the product variety in batch production or job-shop production will be increased for satisfying the changing requirements of various customers, the specified tolerance of each quality characteristic will vary from time to time. Except for finite manufacturing resource constraints, the manufacturing capability, inspection capability, and tolerance specified by customer requirement are also considered for a customized manufacturing system in this research. Then, the unit cost model is constructed to represent the overall performance of an advanced manufacturing system by considering both internal and external costs. Process planning and inspection planning can then be concurrently solved by practically reflecting the customer requirements. Since determining the optimal manufacturing resource allocation plan seems to be impractical as the problem size becomes quite large, in this research, genetic algorithm is successfully applied with the realistic unit cost embedded. The performance of genetic algorithm is measured in comparison with the enumeration method that generates the optimal solution. The result shows that a near-optimal manufacturing resource allocation plan can be determined efficiently for meeting the changing requirement of customers as the problem size becomes quite large.     

Development of a generative CAPP system for axisymmetric components for a job shop environment

Process planning is a function in a manufacturing organization that selects the manufacturing processes and parameters to be used to transform a part from its initial state to the final form according to the design specifications. It is a bridge between product design and product manufacturing. The activities of process planning include understanding the part specifications or product design data, selection of job material and tool, setup planning, sequencing the operations within a setup, determination of process parameters for each operation, and generation of process sheets. This paper outlines a method to develop a generative computer-aided process planning system for axisymmetric components for a job shop environment. A decision support system is used to perform semi-structured tasks such as setup planning and establishing precedence relationship among various operations.     

轻型自主移动钻铆系统定位检测与自适应规划

定位检测是飞机机身部件自动化钻铆的技术基础,是提高系统定位精度的技术保证。根据大飞机机身筒段对接钻铆需求,研制了一套基于CCD相机定位检测的轻型自主移动钻铆系统。针对复杂加工系统和多样化基准形式,提出了多坐标系建立及转换方法和定位检测与加工任务自适应规划策略,通过检测不同基准位置,建立各坐标系关联,分别采用最小二乘法和间接转换法获得实际位置与理论位置的偏差模型,修正了待加工产品数模偏差和工装及产品制造与安装误差,对待加工孔位信息进行自适应规划。实验表明,定位检测方法切实可行,能实现系统高精度钻铆的精确定位。     

基于遗传算法的多设计任务规划研究

在满足产品设计周期的条件下,以完成所有设计任务的时间最短为规划目标,提出并构建了一种面向多设计任务的规划模型。在该规划模型中,设计节点的并发性和任务设计的并行性被考虑。针对该任务规划模型的解算,则采用遗传算法(GeneticAlgorithm,GA)实现。最后,采用具体的实例来验证该任务规划模型及算法的可行性。     

Integrated assembly and machining planning for electronic products using a genetic algorithm approach

To produce an electronic product, both assembly operations and machining operations are required in the process plan. In most cases, the assembly operations and machining operations need to be combined in a continued order with an integrated sequence. This is different from the traditional process planning approaches in which machining operations and assembly operations are separated as two independent tasks with no interactions. For an electronic product, the two types of operations and the associated costs may affect each other in an interactive way. Therefore, the sequence planning of assembly operations and machining operations must be analyzed with an integrated model. In this research, a graph-based model is presented to represent the assembly and machining operations in an integrated model. The related operation cost functions are developed to evaluate the costs for the integrated assembly and machining sequences. The integrated sequence planning problem is solved using a genetic algorithm approach with an objective of lowest operation costs. As a result, the assembly operations and machining operations can be planned in an integrated sequence suitable for producing electronic products. The result shows that the developed method using the genetic algorithm approach is efficient for solving the integrated sequence planning problem. Example products are demonstrated and discussed.     

Dynamic planning with a wireless product identification technology in food supply chains

An innovative planning model has been developed for perishable food supply chain planning. The model maximises product values for consumers instead of merely reducing costs. The information which can be derived from RFID enabled control systems for product units (at palette or crate level) has been used to identify dynamic product quality status. Then, the information is used to optimise product allocations from manufacturers to distributors and retailers. The objective is to minimise lost value of products and maximise profits for supply chain partners. The real-time control towards value maximisation becomes possible with the real-time product quality information from RFID systems. An illustrative case has been described for simulating the dynamic planning process.     

面向大批量定制的产品开发设计方法研究

面向大批量定制的产品开发设计过程可重组为创造性的开发过程和敏捷性的设计过程，产品族主结构、零部件的主模型和主文档是开发过程的结果，也是设计过程的基础。根据订单要求，通过主结构进行配置设计，确定定制产品结构；通过主模型和主文档进行变型设计，派生出定制产品零部件的工程图、工艺过程规划和NC程序等，达到定制产品快速设计的目的。提出了一种大批量定制产品族的模块化开发方法和定制产品快速设计方法，给出了工业汽轮机定制产品的开发设计实例。     

顾客需求向技术特征映射的产品设计规划求解

在利用质量功能配置进行产品规划决策时,根据顾客需求选取技术特征是实现产品规划中顾客域到技术特征域的转换,进而进行产品规划的关键。为了实现质量屋建立过程中顾客需求域到技术特征域的映射,建立了映射求解的整数规划模型,该模型以映射得到的技术特征集表现度最大为目标,考虑进行相应技术特征配置所需的资源约束和配置过程中顾客需求与技术特征的对应约束关系,确定出在映射决策中需重点考虑的技术特征项。最后,给出了实例。     

CONCURRENT PRODUCT PORTFOLIO PLANNING AND MIXED PRODUCT ASSEMBLY LINE BALANCING

Reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems have enabled manufacturers to provide "cost effective" variety to the market. In spite of these new technologies, the expense of manufacturing makes it infeasible to supply all the possible variants to the market for some industries. Therefore, the determination of the right number of product variants to offer in the product portfolios becomes an important consideration. The product portfolio planning problem had been independently well studied from marketing and engineering perspectives. However, advantages can be gained from using a concurrent marketing and engineering approach. Concurrent product development strategies specifically for reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems can allow manufacturers to select best product portfolios from marketing, product design and manufacturing perspectives. A methodology for the concurrent design of a product portfolio and assembly system is presented. The objective of the concurrent product portfolio planning and assembly system design problem is to obtain the product variants that will make up the product portfolio such that oversupply of optional modules is minimized and the assembly line efficiency is maximized. Explicit design of the assembly system is obtained during the solution of the problem. It is assumed that the demand for optional modules and the assembly times for these modules are known a priori. A genetic algorithm is used in the solution of the problem. The basic premise of this methodology is that the selected product portfolio has a significant impact on the solution of the assembly line balancing problem. An example is used to validate this hypothesis. The example is then further developed to demonstrate how the methodology can be used to obtain the optimal product portfolio. This approach is intended for use by manufacturers during the early design stages of product family design.     

Developing a Computer-Aided Environment to Investigate the Influences of Design Schedule Changes on Material Requirement Planning

Recently, the concepts of concurrent engineering have been implemented in many manufacturing areas. However, very few efforts were addressed to linking design procedures and material requirement planning (MRP). In general, an engineering change (EC) might have an influence on the material requirements as well as on the inventory, and hence might affect the manufacturing process. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the material status during the EC stage. This concept has formed a new area for concurrent engineering, that is design for MRP (DFMRP). In this paper, a computer-aided environment that integrates a product data management (PDM) module and an MRP module, to support DFMRP has been proposed. The major function of this environment is to investigate the influence of EC schedule changes on MRP. In other words, this environment provides the information about the influence on MRP when the starting time or finishing time of certain EC tasks have been altered. A process model was developed to describe the relations between EC and production management tasks. In addition, an integration module was developed to extract the related information from PDM and MRP, and to analyse the possible influence on MRP based on the process model. The analysed results can be used as reference information for project management in PDM.