自然对流对吸热管内熔盐对流传热的影响

以熔盐为传热工质,对考虑熔盐自然对流情况下吸热管内传热进行了数值模拟。结果表明:同一Re数,吸热管内各熔盐入口温度的下侧Nu数大于上侧Nu数,熔盐入口温度越高Nu数越小,其管内下、上侧Nu数的差值越大。随着吸热管向上角度的增加,管内下侧Nu数逐渐减小,上侧Nu数逐渐增加,但各吸热管的平均Nu数基本一致。     

竖直平面上的传热传质复合自然对流

用数值方法研究了竖直平面上因热及物质扩散引起的传热传质复合自然对流,得到了速度、压力、温度和浓度的分布及传热传质速率随浮力比的变化规律。研究结果表明：Ｎｕ与Ｓｈ在随浮力比Ｂ的变化过程中出现最小值,此时的浮力比Ｂｍｉｎ仅是Ｐｒ／Ｓｃ的函数;流型取决于浮力比和Ｐｒ／Ｓｃ,根据流型不同可在Ｂ－Ｐｒ／Ｓｃ坐标系中将流场划为４个区域。     

超临界压力下水在倾斜管内传热特性的研究

以水为工质,在倾角α=14°和10°、压力22.0～28.OMPa、质量流速600～1400kg/(m~2·s)、内壁热负荷250～410kW/m~2的参数范围内,研究了水(特别是在大比热区附近)的传热特性.针对微倾斜管中,内壁面既非定壁温也非定热流的边界条件下,成功地提出了二维温度场计算方法,从而获得了传热系数、努赛尔特数等.分别在传热恶化前及传热恶化后两个区域内关联了传热系数数据.对于超临界流体在最大比热区附近呈现的特殊传热特性规律进行了分析,并研究了倾斜管中由于浮升力引起的自然对流对各参数沿周向分布的影响.     

进口轴向叶片旋流器与螺旋槽管的管内复合强化传热

对进口轴向叶片旋流器与左旋螺旋槽管、右旋螺旋槽管以及对称交叉螺旋槽管组成的管内复合强化传热进行了试验研究,给出了管内阻力和传热试验结果,得到了考虑复合攻角（旋向）因素在内的管内阻力和传热准则关联式,并对传热和流阻的综合热力性能进行了定量评价．试验表明：相同泵功和换热面积条件下,旋流器与螺旋槽管反向复合后的换热量可提高至光管换热量的1．9倍．     

垂直梯度磁场作用下水平薄层磁性液体自然对流传热

１前言磁性液体是吸附着表面活性剂的固体磁性颗粒（如Ｆｅ３Ｏ４）分散于基液（如水）中而形成的稳态胶体溶液。它能在重力、磁力及离心力等外力场的作用下不凝聚、不沉淀,是一种集流动性。强磁性于一体的新型材料。磁性液体在化工、机械、电子、动力及航天航空等领域有...     

自然对流传热系数的因次分析

文章通过自然对流传热系数主要影响因素的因次分析过程，论述了因次分析方法在化工理论计算式推导中的普遍意义。     

磁场强化磁性液体自然对流传热的机理

在重力场中流体密度变化产生自然对流,在磁力场中磁性液体的表观密度随外加磁场强度的变化而明显变化,磁场可以改变磁性液体的自然对流.通过对磁场中的磁性液体的静力学计算和分析,建立一个由均匀磁场和均匀梯度磁场同轴叠加的合成磁场,合成磁场使磁场引起的磁性液体密度变化各处均等,各处的自然对流传热均等,从而使磁性液体的表观密度和自然对流传热系数得以准确测量,由此建立起磁性液体的磁场强度、表观密度、Grashof数之间的关联式.磁场强度的增大使磁性液体表观密度增大,使磁性液体处于超重状态,是磁场强化磁性液体自然对流传热的机理.     

边界层方程求解传热传质复合自然对流的偏差分析

引　言动量、能量及质量的边界层方程是Naveir Stokes完整方程的简化形式 ,自上世纪初提出以来 ,应用极广 .传热传质复合自然对流是自然界和工业过程中常见的现象 ,由于存在热与物质扩散两种浮力相对大小及方向的差异以及Prandtl数和Schmit数的影响 ,使该问题颇为复杂 .Bottema     

缩放管及改型缩放管内的自然对流换热研究

对普通缩放管、改型缩放管和光滑管进行了自然对流换热的实验研究 ,得到了这三种传热管的自然对流换热系数与热流密度的关系 ,并估算了自然对流段中的阻力损失。实验结果表明 ,改型缩放管和普通缩放管的自然对流换热系数分别比光滑管提高 1 8.3 %和 8.9% ,但管内阻力损失相差不大 ,说明改型缩放管适用于自然对流强化换热的场合。     

相变微粒乳液自然对流强化传热与稳定性研究进展

人工合成的潜热型功能性热流体同时具有流动性与高的蓄热或蓄冷能力,在自然对流的流动与传热中表现有复杂的非线性传热和流动现象。本文总结了该类流体在自然对流传热方面的最新研究进展,包括：自然对流的强化传热及其稳定性,乳液中微粒的粒径及其乳液热物性的影响,对该方面将来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

液态金属在环管进口段的传热以及轴向导热的影响

从一般控制方程出发,根据环管热进口段传热特点,结合优化选择影响传热的诸如速度分布、湍流热量扩散率和动量扩散率等半经验关系式,建立能借助计算机理论求解的计算模型,并在进一步简化条件下计算、分析了轴向导热对进口段传热的影响。     

A GENERALIZED DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORM METHOD FOR COMBINED FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION FLOW ABOUT INCLINED SURFACES IN POROUS MEDIA

In this article, we apply the differential transform method (DTM) to obtain approximate analytical solutions of combined free and forced (mixed) convection about inclined surfaces (or wedges) in a saturated porous medium. Both aiding and opposing flows are considered. It is found that the parameter mixed convection from inclined surfaces in porous media is Gr/Re, where Gr is the local Grashof number and Re is the local Reynolds number. DTM solutions are obtained for mixed convection from an isothermal vertical flat plate as well as an inclined plate with constant heat flux having an inclination of 45°. Temperature and velocity profiles for these two cases at different values of Gr/Re are presented. The similarity transformations are applied to reduce the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) to a set of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in dimensionless form. DTM is used to solve the nonlinear differential equations governing the problem in the form of series with easily computable terms. Thereafter a Padé approximant is applied to the solutions to increase the convergence of the given series. Excellent correlation between DTM-Padé and numerical quadrature (shooting) solutions is achieved. The DTM-Padé simulation is shown to be a robust benchmarking tool providing an excellent means of validation of numerical methods. The study has applications in geothermal energy systems, chemical engineering filtration systems, and packed beds.     

COMBINED FORCED AND FREE CONVECTION IN BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID ON A HORIZONTAL PLATE

An analysis is presented to study the effects of buoyancy-induced streamwise pressure gradients on laminar forced convection heat transfer to non-Newtonian fluids from a horizontal plate. Numerical solution of the transformed boundary layer equations has been carried out for different values of the flow behavior index and the buoyancy parameter by means of the local nonsimilarity method. A discussion is provided for the effect of the buoyancy force on the friction factor, the dimensionless heat transfer rate and the details of the velocity as well as temperature fields.     

SIMULTANEOUS DEVELOPMENT OF VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE PROFILES IN THE ENTRANCE REGION OF A PARALLEL PLATE CHANNEL: LAMINAR FLOW WITH UNIFORM WALL HEAT FLUX

Available boundary layer type solutions to the combined hydrodynamic and thermal entrance region problem are known to exhibit a discontinuity in the gradients of the velocity and temperature distributions in the entrance region. A new solution is presented which alleviates this shortcoming. The new solution is based on the hydrodynamic inlet-filled region concept originally proposed by Ishizawa (1966) and later adopted by Mohanty and Das (1982) to hydrodynamically developing flow in a channel. This concept is extended to the combined entry length problem by dividing the thermal entrance length into two lengthwise regions, a thermal inlet region and a thermally filled region. In the former, the effect of heat transfer between fluid and wall is confined within the thermal boundary layer developing along the wall. At the end of the thermal inlet region, the thermal boundary layers meet at the duct axis but the temperature profile is not yet developed. In the thermally filled region, the heat effects propagate throughout the entire cross section and the temperature profile undergoes adjustment in a fully thermal region to finally attain the fully developed form. A thermal shape factor is also introduced in the thermally filled region which ensures that all thermal quantities attain their fully developed values asymptotically. The new model is used to obtain solutions to the combined entry length problem for laminar flow through a parallel plate channel under the constant wall heat flux boundary condition. The analysis gives considerably better results for the local Nusselt number and thermal entrance length than previously available.     

SIMULTANEOUSLY DEVELOPING LAMINAR FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN THE ENTRANCE REGION OF A CIRCULAR TUBE WITH CONSTANT WALL TEMPERATURE

The developing flow and heat transfer in the entry region of a heated circular tube is analyzed for the case of constant wall temperature. An integral or boundary-layer solution is presented which has a number of advantages over earlier Karman-Pohlhausen integral analyses. Thus, in the present analysis, the velocity and temperature distributions, the local and mean drag coefficients, and the local and mean Nusselt numbers approach their fully-developed values asymptotically. The new analysis is based on the hydrodynamic inlet-filled region concept originally proposed by Ishizawa (1966) and later adopted by Mohanty and Asthana (1978) to flow through a circular tube. This concept is extended to the combined entry-length problem by introducing a thermal transition region, herein called the thermally-filled region, between the thermal inlet boundary-layer region and the thermally fully-developed region. A thermal shape factor is also introduced which ensures smooth transition of all pertinent thermal quantities from the entrance region to the fully-developed region. Results for the variation of the local and mean Nusselt numbers with axial distance along the tube for Pr = 0.1,0.5,0.7,1,5, and 10 are presented. These results agree well with the numerical solutions of Hombeck (1965), Manohar (1969), and Hwang and Sheu (1974) and also with the correlations of Churchill and Ozoe (1973).     

液态金属钠在环管进口段湍流换热研究

对等热流密度边界条件下的进口效应进行了研究.推导出可借助有限差分法求解的微分-积分方程组,编制了计算机计算程序,并根据计算结果拟合出湍流放热计算关系式.实验采用环管内径为12.34mm,外径为19.00mm,通道外壁绝热,内壁为恒热流.研究结果表明,理论和实验结果与其他研究结果吻合良好.本研究参数范围:Re=2×10~4～1.35×10~5,Pe=128～854.     

离心流化床中强制对流换热的实验研究

对离心流化床干燥器中气体与被干燥颗粒物料之间的强制对流换热进行了实验研究,获得了各主要运行参数对气固换热系数的影响规律,并利用场协同原理分析了对流换热强化的机理. 实验证明,在一定转速范围内,在气流速度方向和热流方向（温度梯度方向）一致时,换热的准则关联式具有Nu＝CRePr的形式. 获得了满足Nu～RePr呈直线关系的Pe(Pe=RePr)数变化范围和临界Pe数,当Pe数大于临界值后,离心流化床中对流换热强度随Pe数增加而增大的趋势会明显减缓并偏离线性区.     

辐射引起倾斜密闭容器内半透过性流体自然对流的研究

用实验和数值两种方法研究了倾斜密闭容器中半透过性流体在辐射光的照射下产生的自然对流现象及其对传热的影响.首先建立了基于二维假设下的流体流动和热量传递的动态数学模型,并用有限差分方向交替法进行数值求解,得到稳态下的等温线和流线图.结果表明,流体的自然对流和传热受光学厚度和容器倾斜角度的影响.还建立了实验装置,测量了稳态下的温度分布．理论计算与实验结果比较表明两者的变化趋势一致,吻合较好．     

DRYING OF GRANULAR MATERIALS IN AN INCLINED VIBRATED FLUIDIZED BED BY COMBINED RADIATIVE AND ONVECTIVE HEATING

In an inclined-vibrated fluidized bed (IVF-bed), solid particles are fluidized easily at a relatively low air velocity. Good mixing of the fluidized particles in the direction of the air flow and the renewal of the bed surface take place as a result of the vibration effect. Accordingly when the bed surface is heated by thermal radiation from the top surface, radiant heat is absorbed more effectively on the surface than on a stagnant bed surface. This characteristic of an IVF-bed indicates the applicability to a solar dryer and other similar dryers.

The present study reports the result of model experiments carried out to confirm the effectiveness of radiative heating on drying of wet granular materials. Further, for quantitative evaluation of the radiation effect, a theoretical model is offered and its validity is examined.