101.3kPa下异丙醇-异丁醇-正丁醇汽液平衡的测定与关联

用改进的Rose釜测定了101.3 kPa下异丙醇-异丁醇、异丙醇-正丁醇、异丁醇-正丁醇3个二元体系及异丙醇-异丁醇-正丁醇1个三元体系的汽液平衡数据。3组两元汽液平衡数据均通过了Herington热力学一致性检验,三元汽液平衡数据也通过了McDermett-Ellis热力学一致性检验。分别用Wilson、NRTL和UNIQUAC方程对二元汽液平衡数据进行了关联,得到了相应的模型参数及关联偏差。对于3个二元体系而言,Wilson和UNIQUAC模型方程比NRTL模型方程的关联效果好。最后运用关联得到的Wilson二元交互作用参数预测了三元体系的汽液平衡数据,平衡温度的平均绝对偏差为0.52℃,异丙醇的汽相摩尔组成平均绝对偏差为0.0057,异丁醇的汽相摩尔组成平均绝对偏差为0.0048,实验值与预测值基本吻合。     

甲基叔丁基醚-丙酸-丁酸-水四元体系液液相平衡的测定与关联

二元交互作用参数是萃取分离过程模拟和设计的关键数据,它通常是通过液液相平衡测定的数据回归得到。在常压下测定了25℃时甲基叔丁基醚-丙酸-丁酸-水四元体系液液相平衡数据,用NRTL和UNIQUAC模型对所测实验数据进行热力学关联,采用Bachman、Othmer-Tobias和Hand公式验证了数据的可靠性状况,利用模拟软件回归得到二元交互作用参数。结果表明,基于NRTL和UNIQUAC模型关联计算得到的计算值与实验值吻合良好,两种模型计算的相对均方根偏差分别小于0.0122和0.0184,说明两个模型回归得到的二元交互作用参数均能对实验液液相平衡数据进行很精确地预测。     

四氢呋喃-甲苯-氟苯-水体系汽液平衡数据的测定和关联!

采用单级循环汽液平衡釜测定了常压下四氢呋喃-甲苯、四氢呋喃-氟苯、四氢呋喃-水、甲苯-氟苯、四氢呋喃-甲苯-水、四氢呋喃-氟苯-水和四氢呋喃-甲苯-氟苯-水体系的汽液平衡数据,采用Herington方法对二元汽液平衡数据进行热力学一致性校验;分别以NRTL和UNIQUAC方程为相平衡模型,通过化工辅助软件分别对二元、三元体系的汽液平衡数据进行关联,确定模型参数和相平衡模型;采用6对二元模型参数关联出四元体系的汽液平衡数据,并与实验值进行比较。结果表明:实验值与计算值的相对偏差均小于5%,说明实验与计算值一致。研究结果为四氢呋喃、甲苯、氟苯和水混合液的分离提供了一定基础数据。     

噻吩-正辛烷体系等压汽液相平衡研究

利用双循环汽液平衡釜测定101.3 kPa下噻吩-正辛烷体系的汽液相平衡数据.运用该实验结果,进一步获得组分的液相活度系数.实验数据经Herington方法检验,表明符合热力学一致性.采用二元体系UNIQUAC模型对该实验数据进行关联,采用最小二乘法拟合得到UNIQUAC模型参数.结果表明,噻吩在汽相组成的平均绝对偏差为0.0635,取得满意的效果.     

苯丙烯-苯乙酮-苯异丙醇汽液平衡测定与关联

采用单级循环汽液平衡装置测定常压下苯丙烯-苯乙酮-苯异丙醇(CA)体系中苯丙烯-苯乙酮、苯乙酮-苯异丙醇、苯丙烯-苯异丙醇二元及苯丙烯-苯乙酮-苯异丙醇三元体系的汽液平衡数据,分别以NRTL和UNIQUAC为相平衡模型对实验数据进行关联,从而确定相平衡模型及组分间的交互参数,并采用Herington面积法对二元汽液平衡...     

常压下丙酮-异丙醇-水体系汽液平衡测定与关联

采用单级循环汽液平衡装置测定了常压下丙酮-异丙醇-水体系中丙酮-异丙醇、丙酮-水、异丙醇-水二元及丙酮-异丙醇-水三元体系的汽液平衡数据,采用Herington方法对二元汽液平衡数据进行热力学一致性检验。分别以Wilson,NRTL及UNIQUAC为相平衡模型,采用最小方差法对二元汽液平衡数据进行关联,由关联的3对二元体系模型参数计算三元体系的汽液平衡数据,并与实验值进行比较。结果表明:计算值与实验值的相对偏差均≤5%,说明实验值与计算值一致,其中UNIQUAC模型误差较小。该结果为丙酮-异丙醇-水混合物的分离提供了一定基础数据。     

真空下C_(10)与DMP体系汽液相平衡的研究

在7.36 k Pa下采用汽液相平衡釜测定了正癸烷-1-癸烯、正癸烷-邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、1-癸烯-邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)和正癸烷-1-癸烯-邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的等压汽液相平衡数据。二元体系的实验数据通过了Herington面积法和热力学一致性校验,利用NRTL模型、Wilson模型和UNIQUAC模型对实验数据进行关联,得到相应的模型参数和关联偏差。实验结果表明:正癸烷-1-癸烯、正癸烷-邻苯二甲酸二甲酯和1-癸烯-邻苯二甲酸二甲酯二组分物系均不形成共沸物,模拟结果与实验值接近。最后用关联得到的模型参数预测了三元体系的汽液平衡数据。实验值与预测值吻合,可满足萃取精馏工艺设计的需要。     

丙酮-水-丙酮连氮体系汽液平衡测定与关联

采用汽液双循环平衡釜,在常压（101.3 kPa）下测定了丙酮-丙酮连氮二元组分物系以及部分丙酮-水-丙酮连氮三元组分物系的汽液平衡数据。实验数据经Herington面积积分法检验符合热力学一致性。通过化工过程模拟软件,分别采用Wilson、NRTL、UNIQUAC 活度系数模型对丙酮-丙酮连氮二元组分物系实验数据进行关联得到模型参数。并对汽液平衡的计算值与实验值进行比较,3种模型都吻合良好,其中由NRTL方程关联得到的计算结果最为适合,平均温度偏差和汽相组成偏差分别为0.0639 K和0.0048。从三元汽液相平衡数据中拟合出了丙酮-丙酮连氮、丙酮-水、水-丙酮连氮之间的NRTL方程相互作用参数。为验证数据及其二元相互作用参数的可靠性,利用关联出的丙酮-丙酮连氮模型参数计算出汽相组成与丙酮-丙酮连氮的二元数据比较,二者符合较好。实验和关联的结果为精馏分离丙酮-水-丙酮连氮汽液平衡体系提供了一定的基础数据。     

水-乙醇-甲基异丁基甲酮体系液液相平衡数据的测定与关联

在常压下测定了水-乙醇-甲基异丁基甲酮体系在308.15,318.15,328.15 K的液液相平衡数据。用Hand方程和Othmer-Tobias方程对实验数据进行拟合,结果表明:Hand方程拟合效果优于Othmer-Tobias方程。采用NRTL模型和UNIQUAC模型对实验数据进行了关联,回归得到了该三元物系的二元交互参数;并对此物系的相平衡数据进行了预测,由模型计算值和实验值的均方根偏差知,NRTL模型能更好地与实验数据吻合。     

叔丁醇-异丙醇-水汽液平衡数据的测定及关联

采用单级循环汽液平衡釜测定常压下叔丁醇、异丙醇和水体系中的二元和三元的汽液平衡数据,并对其进行微分检验法热力学一致性校验;分别以WILSON,NRTL,UNIQUAC方程为相平衡模型,采用最小方差法对二元体系数据进行关联,确定模型参数;采用3对二元体系模型参数对三元体系的汽液平衡数据进行关联,比较汽液平衡数据的测定值与计算值,确定适宜的相平衡模型。文中为萃取精馏分离叔丁醇、异丙醇和水的混合液提供基础数据。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。