粉末涂料固体润滑膜滚动/滑动复合干摩擦磨损特性研究

在M-2000磨损试验机上考察了经过一次处理和经两次处理的40Cr钢环表面喷涂3种粉末涂料型固体润滑膜(P型、H型、E型)试样,在线载荷为104N/m、相对滑动速度为0.042 m/s、干摩擦滚动/滑动复合磨损条件下的摩擦磨损性能,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对试样磨损表面以及磨屑进行了显微观察。结果表明:底材经过一次处理(化学底膜处理)的复合固体润滑膜试样,P型和E型在磨损后期的摩擦因数分别稳定在0.38和0.32,而H型在0.40左右跳动;P型和H型的涂层磨损脱落期为60 m in左右,E型为120 m in左右;质量磨损从小到大顺序为P型相似文献   

耐高温复合固体润滑涂层的研究

常见的金属基固体润滑剂MoS 2、WS 2、Sb 2 O3性能优良,但作为单一涂层的局限性较大.将3种固体润滑剂复配成一种耐高温复合固体润滑涂层,通过正交试验得到优化的涂层配比,通过高温摩擦磨损试验考察该复合涂层的润滑性能.结果表明,在高温高压下该复合涂层具有较低的摩擦因数和良好的耐磨性能.电镜分析表明,高温高压摩擦磨损试验后,涂层试件表面仍然存在较均匀的固体润滑膜,可以起到很好的润滑作用.     

冲击滑动条件下MoS2固体润滑薄膜的磨损

为了减少和避免滚动轴承保持架与套圈接触表面的冲击滑动磨损,Mo S2等固体润滑膜被广泛用于轴承保持架表面和套圈引导面的润滑改性。为研究冲击滑动条件下Mo S2固体润滑薄膜的摩擦磨损特性,在自制的冲击滑动磨损试验装置上,在干摩擦及油润滑条件下对9Cr18轴承钢表面制备的Mo S2固体润滑膜进行不同冲击频率、冲击力和滑动速度下的摩擦磨损试验。结果表明,Mo S2固体润滑膜的失效模式主要受润滑状态和冲击力的影响,随着冲击力及冲击频率的增加,Mo S2固体润滑膜表面摩擦力矩增大,且油润滑比干摩擦下摩擦力矩显著减小;黏结工艺加工的冲击试样表面失效以疲劳裂纹及剥落为主,喷涂工艺加工的回转试样则展现出稳定的表面磨损。     

复合固体润滑膜在阀门电动传动装置中的应用

SDZH2—10阀门电动装置蜗轮蜗杆分别为ZCuAl9Fe4Ni4Mn2和40Cr,其传动比为70、载荷约为4137N、相对滑动速度为5．3m／s,接触应力大,摩擦时温度达300℃左右、油润滑失效,导致了齿轮表面磨损严重,需要采用固体润滑。采用磷化预处理来提高固体润滑膜和基体的结合力,同时加入钛酸钾晶须来提高膜的强度,3000C和5000C时,加钛酸钾晶须的耐磨寿命分别是未加钛酸钾晶须的2．4倍和3倍。磷化＋钛酸钾晶须处理的固体润滑膜（称之为复合固体润滑膜）的耐磨寿命是未磷化处理的3倍,且摩擦系数值只有未磷化处理的1半以下,该复合固体润滑膜在载荷大、滑动速度高、摩擦温度高的极端摩擦状态下,能改善原有的蜗轮蜗杆传动中润滑状况,达到减磨的效果。     

石墨含量对石墨固体润滑涂层摩擦学性能的影响

利用简便的刷涂法在钢基体表面制备了石墨固体润滑涂层。利用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机对不同石墨含量的固体润滑涂层进行了详细的摩擦学性能对比试验。结果发现．石墨固体润滑涂层的摩擦学性能与石墨含量之间呈“马鞍形”变化规律，当石墨的质量分数为28％时，固体润滑涂层的减摩、耐磨性能最佳。     

含h-BN 的钛合金激光熔覆自润滑耐磨涂层的摩擦学行为

为提高Ti6Al4V合金的摩擦学性能,采用激光熔覆技术在钛合金表面制备以TiC、TiB2、CrB等为增强相、γ-Ni基固溶体为增韧相、h-BN为固体润滑相的自润滑耐磨复合涂层;分别在不同载荷下测试复合涂层和Ti6Al4V合金基体的干滑动磨损性能。结果表明,该复合涂层的摩擦因数及磨损率随着载荷的增大呈现先减小后略增大的趋势,并且摩擦因数和磨损率均比Ti6Al4V合金基体显著降低;在中等载荷下,复合涂层中的润滑颗粒被挤出磨损表面形成润滑膜,因而具有较好的自润滑耐磨性能,磨损后表面光滑平整。     

粘结固体润滑涂层在油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能

为了探讨粘结MoS2基固体润滑涂层在油润滑条件下的抗磨减摩性能,采用MHK-500型摩擦磨损试验机对粘结MoS2基固体润滑涂层在4种常用油(液体石蜡、RP-3煤油、4050滑油和CD-40柴油)润滑下的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,考察了速度和载荷对润滑涂层在4种不同的常用油润滑下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,在低载荷(320N)试验条件下,4种常用油润滑下涂层的耐磨性比干摩擦下得到显著的提高,摩擦因数从0.12降低到0.08左右;但在高载荷(1100N)下,油润滑对涂层的摩擦磨损性能没有明显的改善。只有在合适的载荷下,固/油复合润滑技术可明显改善摩擦副的润滑性能。     

铁基材料表面粘结润滑涂层摩擦学性能研究

为改善铁基粉末冶金材料的摩擦磨损性能,在其表面制备了复合粘结润滑涂层,分别在干摩擦和油润滑条件下进行摩擦磨损试验与分析,结果表明:石墨、二硫化钼两者有协同作用,复合粘结润滑涂层具有良好的润滑减摩性能,油润滑条件下,涂层以石墨含量较多者为佳,干摩擦条件下,涂层以MoS2含量较多者为佳,采用硅烷偶联剂处理后,进一步提高了复合涂层的减摩耐磨性能和承载能力.     

PTFE基复合材料海水润滑下的摩擦学性能研究

研究碳纤维/聚四氟乙烯（CF/PTFE）、玻璃纤维/聚四氟乙烯（GF/PTFE）复合材料与氮化硅陶瓷配副在海水环境下的摩擦学性能与润滑机制,分析滑动速度对摩擦副海水润滑性能的影响规律。结果表明：在海水润滑条件下,随着滑动速度的增加,PTFE、CF/PTFE、GF/PTFE材料与Si3N4陶瓷配副时的摩擦学性能均有明显改善,摩擦因数与磨损率均呈显著降低的趋势,其中CF/PTFE复合材料表现出更为优异的摩擦学性能,在1 000 r/min滑动速度下摩擦因数低至0.026。磨损表面表征结果表明,在海水润滑条件下,PTFE基复合材料在摩擦过程中由于摩擦化学反应生成了润滑膜,可为摩擦副提供良好的润滑和减磨作用,从而减少摩擦磨损行为的发生。     

基于面接触的粉末润滑实验研究

利用石墨粉末颗粒,基于端面摩擦试验机对粉末润滑方式开展了摩擦学研究。试验了粉末冶金铜合金材料、粘结石墨润滑涂层、PTFE 3层自润滑复合材料3种试样在石墨粉末颗粒流润滑条件下的摩擦因数、温度及表面膜等特性,并与干摩擦和油润滑进行了对比。结果表明:粉末润滑可以实现与固体润滑膜、自润滑材料类似的无油固体润滑效果;利用它的持续补充性,可以实现动态补充和修复的固体润滑膜;但是,粉末润滑膜与基体附着能力较差。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.