生物质气化耦合燃煤发电技术的应用

生物质气化耦合燃煤发电技术是生物质资源利用的重要发展方向。根据生物质气化耦合燃煤发电技术的原理,进行生物质气化耦合燃煤发电的实际应用,研究该技术在应用过程中存在的一些问题及对策,说明生物质气化耦合燃煤发电是生物质高效和经济的应用途径之一。     

生物质气化联合循环发电技术的探讨

本文阐述了国内外BIGCC生物质气化联合循环发电技术的发展概况和关键技术,介绍了生物质和煤共同气化的特性,为我国生物质气化联合循环发电技术的商业化运行提供了指导。     

中国生物质气化发电技术的商业化分析

生物质气化发电技术是一种新型清洁发电技术,与传统火力发电技术相比,避免了CO2、SO2、NOx等有害气体的排放。“八五”、“九五”期间,科技部大力支持了生物质气化发电技术的研发工作和示范项目建设,取得了重要进展。但是,该技术的大规模推广最终必须依靠市场机制,实现商业化;而公共政策会在技术商业化过程中发挥重要的作用。该文简要介绍了生物质气化发电技术在我国发展的背景,研究了生物质气化技术的市场竞争力,分析了公共政策在生物质气化发电技术商业化过程中的作用。     

生物质流化床气化技术应用研究现状

按所得产品不同,可将生物质气化技术分为制氢、发电和合成液体燃料3大类。文章介绍了生物质流化床水蒸气气化制氢、催化气化制氢和超临界水气化制氢的工艺特点;分析了生物质流化床气化发电的技术、经济可行性;简述了生物质流化床气化合成液体燃料的研究现状;指出气化产出气化学当量比调变、焦油去除问题和合成气净化是生物质流化床气化技术应用的主要瓶颈,认为定向气化是今后研究的主要方向。     

生物质气化发电技术

随着人们对能源需求的日益增长,作为人类目前主要能源来源的化石燃料却迅速减少,而生物质能是一种重要的可再生能源,它分布广泛,数量巨大。但由于它能量密度低,又分散,收集和运输困难,所以难以大规模集中处理。另一方面随着经济的发展,我国电力供应日益紧张,对电力需求很大,电价居高不下,在这种环境下,通过气化发电技术,把生物质转化为电力,既能大规模处理生物质废料,又能为生产提供电力,具有明显的社会和经济效益。本文主要讲述生物质的气化技术,生物质气净化处理技术及生物质气用于内燃机的发电技术。     

生物质气化发电技术

随着人们对能源需求的日益增长，作为人类目前主要能源来源的化石燃料却迅速减少，而生物质能是一种重要的可再生能源，它分布广泛，数量巨大。但由于它能量密度低，又分散，收集和运输困难，所以难以大规模集中处理。另一方面随着经济的发展，我国电力供应日益紧张，对电力需求很大，电价居高不下，在这种环境下，通过气化发电技术，把生物质转化为电力，既能大规模处理生物质废料，又能为生产提供电力，具有明显的社会和经济效益。本文主要讲述生物质的气化技术，生物质气净化处理技术及生物质气用于内燃机的发电技术。     

生物质气化发电技术的现状及发展趋势

简要介绍了国内外生物质气化发电技术的研究现状及发展趋势。生物质气化发电技术在发达国家已受到广泛重视,生物质联合循环发电技术（BIGCC）利用外燃机燃用生物质气,可避免高温气化气的除尘除焦难题,是一种比较先进的生物质能利用技术。根据我国国情,引进大型BIGCC并采用内燃机代替燃气轮机,是解决我国生物质气化发电规模化发展的有效手段之一。     

中国生物质能利用技术评价

本文针对目前我国已有的生物质能利用技术进行技术评价,主要有生物质燃烧技术(包括炉灶燃烧技术、锅炉燃烧发电技术和生物质型煤技术)、生物质气化技术(包括生物质气化技术、生物质气化发电技术)和生物质热裂解液化技术。本文在阐述我国生物质能源开发利用的意义的基础上,综述了上述各种技术发展现状与近年来的应用情况,对我国生物质能利用技术的发展有参考价值。     

生物质气化发电的经济效益分析

应用财务评价的方法分析了影响生物质气化发电经济效益的主要因素，从项目规模、出售电价和原料成本三个方面阐述了提高生物质气化发电经济效益的方法，提出了发展生物质气化发电技术的相关建议。     

生物质气化发电技术的进展

本文对各种生物质气化发电技术及该技术在国内外的发展现状做了综述.目前我国的生物质气化发电仅仅是初具规模,热效率很低且存在不少技术问题.要利用气化发电技术创造良好经济效益,同时取得良好的环保效益,在解决技术性问题的同时,一定要因地制宜采用适宜的气化发电技术形式.     

Potential for rural electrification based on biomass gasification in Cambodia

Around 76% of the 10,452 villages of Cambodia will still be without electricity in the year 2010. We examined the potential of biomass gasification fuelled by alternative resources of agricultural residues and woody biomass to increase rural power supply, using geographic and social economic databases provided by the Royal Government of Cambodia. About 77% of villages currently without electricity have sufficient land available for tree planting for electricity generation based on a requirement of 0.02 ha per household. Among 8008 villages with sufficient land, we assumed that those villages that had greater than 10% of households owning a television (powered by a battery or a generator) would have both a high electricity demand and a capacity to pay for electricity generation. Those 6418 villages were considered appropriate candidates for mini-grid installation by biomass gasification. This study demonstrated that while agricultural residues such as rice husks or cashew nut shells may have high energy potential, only tree farming or plantations would provide sufficient sustainable resources to supply a biomass gasification system. Cost per unit electricity generation by biomass gasification is less than diesel generation when the plant capacity factor exceeds 13%. In order to ensure long-term ecological sustainability as well as appropriate tree-farming technology for farmers, there is an urgent need for studies aimed at quantifying biomass production across multiple rotations and with different species across Cambodia.     

Evaluation of micro‐scale electricity generation cost using biomass‐derived synthetic gas through modeling

A promising renewable energy technology is electricity generated with biomass‐derived synthetic gas (syngas). The economic feasibility of using biomass gasification for generating electrical power is very much dependent on the cost of the power plant and the cost of its operation. A cost model was developed to analyze the Unit Cost (unit‐cost) of electricity generation from micro‐scale power facilities that used biomass gasification as its energy input. The costs considered in the model were capital cost and operating costs. The results from the modeling indicated that operating cost was a major part of the total annual production cost of electricity generation, and that labor was the largest part of the total annual production cost of operation, and it was during the time when the power facilities operated at lower generation capacity levels. One effective way of reducing the unit‐cost was to operate the facility at high capacity level. The study found that when the capacity level increased the total of annual cost was also increased, but the electricity unit‐cost decreased markedly. For a given level of generating capacity, the electricity unit‐cost of the facility operating at a two or three shifts operating mode was significantly lower than that of one shift operating mode. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biomass gasification in district heating systems – The effect of economic energy policies

Biomass gasification is considered a key technology in reaching targets for renewable energy and CO₂ emissions reduction. This study evaluates policy instruments affecting the profitability of biomass gasification applications integrated in a Swedish district heating (DH) system for the medium-term future (around year 2025). Two polygeneration applications based on gasification technology are considered in this paper: (1) a biorefinery plant co-producing synthetic natural gas (SNG) and district heat; (2) a combined heat and power (CHP) plant using integrated gasification combined cycle technology. Using an optimisation model we identify the levels of policy support, here assumed to be in the form of tradable certificates, required to make biofuel production competitive to biomass based electricity generation under various energy market conditions. Similarly, the tradable green electricity certificate levels necessary to make gasification based electricity generation competitive to conventional steam cycle technology, are identified. The results show that in order for investment in the SNG biorefinery to be competitive to investment in electricity production in the DH system, biofuel certificates in the range of 24–42 EUR/MWh are needed. Electricity certificates are not a prerequisite for investment in gasification based CHP to be competitive to investment in conventional steam cycle CHP, given sufficiently high electricity prices. While the required biofuel policy support is relatively insensitive to variations in capital cost, the required electricity certificates show high sensitivity to variations in investment costs. It is concluded that the large capital commitment and strong dependency on policy instruments makes it necessary that DH suppliers believe in the long-sightedness of future support policies, in order for investments in large-scale biomass gasification in DH systems to be realised.     

生物质气化与废弃物焚烧联合发电的技术经济分析

介绍了生物质气化与废弃物焚烧联合发电技术项目，确定了该项目经济效益的评价指标，定量计算了项目的投资回收期、净现值和内部收益率。同时还对燃料费用、上网电价和固定资产变化引起的敏感性进行分析。结果表明，该联合发电技术的动态投资回收期为9．05a，净现值为2770万元，内部收益率为15．82％，三个经济指标均符合行业标准。从经济角度看是完全可行的。     

4MW级生物质气化发电示范工程的设计研究

介绍了我国4MW级的生物质气化整体联合循环发电示范工程的设计特点。该工艺中使用了中温静电除尘、焦油裂解装置和显热回收系统，预计投运后，将会使生物质的气化效率提高、可燃气中焦油含量减少以及系统效率得以提高，为我国生物质能的开发与运用开辟了广阔的前景。