偏心转子油气混输泵的研制与应用

为了解决原油和伴生气的高气油比多相混输问题,研究开发了偏心转子油气混输泵。厂内测试和现场应用表明,该泵具有混输能力强,适应伴生气多的工况,泵效高功耗小,运行维护简单,适应小排量高压力输送等特点,具有较好的应用前景。     

试论油田多相混输泵的应用

油田开发过程中,需要对从油井直接采出的含有油、气、水及各种杂质的多相混合物进行集输,运用多相混输泵可以解决这种已超过普通的泵和压缩机的工作范围的复杂多相混输条件。结合多相混输技术,列举了主要的油田运用混输泵,阐述了各类型混输泵的技术特点,对现在油田多相混输泵的应用情况进行分析,对多相混输泵的优势和应用前景提出了意见和建议。     

我国油气混输技术研究现状及发展建议

我国油气混输技术研究目前主要集中在油气混输泵研究,油气混输管路流动规律研究和油气混输附加设备研究三方面。油气混输泵内部特性指标方面研究少且停留于模拟研究状态,外部宏观特性指标停留于单因素定性分析状态,难以为油气混输泵的发展提供足够的理论基础。油气混输管路流动规律研究还没有经实践检验的精度较高的计算公式和统一公认的模型。附加设备的投入使油气混输系统相对复杂,投资加大。为促进油气混输技术发展,建议加大各方面研究力度。     

同步回转油气混输装置在油田的试验及推广

本文介绍了油田混输原油和伴生气的新型设备即同步回转油气混输装置的结构特点及原理,阐述了同步回转油气混输泵在现场实验及推广中的情况,分析了其应用效果,同时提出了在油气混输中推广应用的建议。     

油气混输泵的选型及应用分析

油气混输泵是用于油气开采领域输送包含原油,水,气,甚至包含少量沙子等混合物的特殊泵,是一种给未处理过的,从油井中开采出的混合产品加压的机械装置。和传统采油方法相比,油气混输泵采用先输送后分离的生产方式,有非常多的优势;为生产企业节省了初期的大量硬件投资费用,生产过程中设备运营维护保养费用。其选型和传统的液体泵相比,需要注意气体部分体积会随着所处状态压力,温度的变化而变化;根据含气比不同,需要选择不同型号的泵的解决方案;通过两个典型应用案例分析,可以看出混输泵可以为油气生产企业带来巨大的收益。     

双螺杆油气混输泵国内外发展现状

油气混输泵是用于油气开采领域输送包含原油,水,气,甚至包含少量沙子等混合物的特殊泵,是一种为未处理过的,从油井中开采出的混合产品加压的一种机械装置。和传统采油方法相比,油气混输泵需要解决油气混合输送中产生压缩气体产生大量热的问题;需要解决苛刻工况下机械密封的选型选材及泵体内和介质接触零部件的选型选材问题;需要面对高含气比的时候,气液分离和泵体内液体循环补液问题。针对一些高端复杂的应用,国内外油气混输泵厂家的解决方案;国内厂家还有哪些差距,如何可以缩小差距,提升整体制造水平。     

降低油田集输管网输油压力工艺技术的应用

混输泵是目前油田油气集输系统中较先进的使用设备 ,主要用于油田的油、气、水混输。针对单井管线长、低液量、低含水或计量站压力高的问题 ,在站内安装混输泵可以大大降低计量站和油井回压 ,减少管理的难度与强度。在混输泵使用方面 ,通过 98年的试验 ,近三年的推广应用 ,取得了明显的效果。     

CSY系列气液混输泵的应用及效果评价

混输泵是目前油田油气集输系统中较先进的使用设备 ,主要用于油田的油、气、水混输。针对单井管线长、低液量、低含水和计量站压力高的问题 ,在计量站内安装混输泵可以大大降低计量站和油井回压以及干线输差 ,减少管理的难度与强度。     

某沙漠油田未稳定凝析油长距离输送投产异常原因分析及对策

某沙漠油田中心分输站主要设备为一级两相分离器、二级油气分离器、压缩机和外输泵。前期油气混输，随着油气快速增长，混输改为油气分输，油气经一级两相分离器分离后分别管输至联合站处理。混输改分输时，从节能角度出发，考虑只投用一级分离器，不投用二级分离器、压缩机和泵，试投产证明天然气管线运行正常，凝析油输量达不到设计值。经分析，是未稳定凝析油在输送过程中随着压力降低，凝析油中溶解气析出，在大型沙丘地段出现气阻现象，造成管线输送能力大幅下降。为此，及时投用二级闪蒸分离流程，一级分离器出口未稳定凝析油经二级闪蒸分离器再次分离，闪蒸气经压缩机增压后汇入一级分离器气相出口，闪蒸后凝析油经外输泵增压外输，此后凝析油管线平稳运行。     

旋流锥尾管底磨蚀机理分析

油气混输泵管道多次出现破漏,造成较大的经济损失与环境污染。割开检查发现底部有一道深深的沟槽,沟槽较窄,棱角分明。研究认为,这种沟槽的形成不是化学腐蚀,也不是材质缺陷,与层流、紊流无关,而是油气混输泵运行产生的一种固有的旋流造成的。由于油井出砂,砂子通过油气混输泵后获得新的能量,在管线内作旋转运动,其运行轨迹先是柱状,后逐渐转变为斜锥状,最后旋流锥尾与管底接触,对管底进行径向切削,从而形成沟槽,这种沟槽长度有限,位置相对固定。除砂或采用局部外加厚管道是解决该问题的主要措施。     

Mathematical model of absorption and hybrid heat pump

Recovering waste heat from industrial processes is beneficial in order to reduce the primary energy demands and heat pumps can be used to this purpose.Absorption heat pumps are energy-saving and environment-friendly because use working fluids that do not cause ozone depletion and can reduce the global warming emissions.The hybrid heat pump processes combine the conventional vapor-compression and the absorption heat pump cycles.Studies about the simulations and modeling of hybrid heat pumps are few in literature.In this research a mathematical model for single effect absorption and hybrid heat pump is carried out with ChemCad(R) 6.0.1.LiBr-H2O is used as working fluid while electrolytic NRTL and electrolytes latent heat are used as thermodynamic model due to the better results.Binary parameters of activity coefficients are regressed from experimental vapor pressure data while default constants are used for the solubility expressions.A design of heat pumps is developed and a new modeling of generator is analyzed.The coefficient of performance of absorption heat pump and hybrid heat pump is equal to 0.7 and 0.83 respectively.For absorption heat pump a sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the effect of temperature and pressure generator,the concentration of Li-Br solution on coefficient of performance,cooling capacity and working fluid temperature.For hybrid heat pump,the different coefficients of performance,the primary energy ratio,the generator heat,and the compressor power are analyzed for different values of compressor proportion.Results show that comparing the two systems the hybrid pump allows to save more primary energy,costs and carbon dioxide emissions with respect to absorption heat pump with the increasing of compressor proportion parameter.Future researches should focus on the construction of this heat pumps integrated in chemical processes as a biogas plant or trigeneration systems.     

Vakuumpumpen in der Verfahrenstechnik

Vacuum pumps in chemical engineering. Applications of vacuum pumps in chemical engineering are numerous. After a general systematization of the working principles of vacuum pumps, the most important types – liquid ring vacuum pumps, sliding vane vacuum pumps, and ejectors – are discussed with regard to their development and their working principle. Attention is focussed on aspects which allow a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of vacuum pumps. A systematic survey of the criteria leading to the selection of a certain type of pump show that these criteria may be based on the process as a whole or on environmental and safety considerations as well as economic aspects. In areas where liquid ring vacuum pumps, sliding vane vacuum pumps, and ejectors may be applied the extent to which the pumps fulfill these criteria is shown. In this context, a comparison of the liquid ring pump and the sliding vane pump is of special interest. The doubts recently publicized concerning the environmental compatibility of liquid ring vacuum pumps are shown to be groundless if the pumps are installed correctly. Great care must be taken comparing the economic aspects of liquid ring pumps and sliding vane pumps.     

钻井泵泵阀运动特性的系统分析

通过研究钻井泵泵阀运动的基本规律,构造了在排出阀、吸入阀联动作用下单缸套泵阀运动数学模型,实现了单缸套泵阀运动过程中动力学特性的系统描述。建立了钻井泵泵阀仿真流程和逻辑运行框图,采用Delph i语言实现了单缸套泵阀运动的系统仿真。仿真研究表明,泵阀的运动特性与阀盘结构、缸套结构、钻井液性能、曲轴转速等参数之间存在非常密切的联系。     

Rotierende Verdrängerpumpen zur Förderung von Flüssigkeiten,breiigen und pastösen Massen

Rotating Positive Displacement Pump for Transport of Liquids, Slurries, and Pasty Masses As regards medium transport, pipe friction losses and the efficiency of the pump are the determinant factors for the motor power provided. The fundamental differences between a centrifugal pump and a positive displacement pump is made clear. Design and specific qualities of one-, two- and three spindle pumps, which are classified as rotary displacement pumps, are described. A novel classification of the fluids, related to one-, two- and three spindle pumps and a table of the application limits make it easy to select the most suitable pump.     

Mehrphasige Strömungen bei der Trennung und Zusammenführung in verzweigten Rohrleitungen

Multiphase transport networks consist of pipes in addition to apparatus and multiphase pumps. The phase distribution in connection with the occurring pressure drop as well as sorption effects in the so‐called nodes, i. e., in a separation or junction of a pipeline, have a significant impact on the transport performance. The influence of several operating parameters on the behavior of the multiphase fluid is investigated experimentally and theoretically with reference to the above‐mentioned flow characteristics.     

转子泵的选用(下)

转子泵是一种旋转的容积式泵，特别适用于输送粘性介质。此外和往复泵一样，具有正排量性质，可适用于计量及要求流量不随背压变化的场合。为便于使用者了解转子泵，合理选用泵型，本文系统介绍了转子泵的原理、结构、参数、类型、选用、标准、检验及使用中应注意的问题。     

Droplet Size Distributions of Liquid-Liquid Dispersions in Centrifugal Pumps

The generation of liquid-liquid dispersions with defined droplet size distributions is an important aspect for process equipment design. In this work, two centrifugal pumps with different impeller diameters were used to generate dispersions at selected operating points for a paraffin oil-water system. The droplet break-up phenomena within the centrifugal pumps were analyzed using a transparent pump design in combination with high-speed imaging. Droplet size distributions at centrifugal pump discharge nozzle were recorded with optical probe measurement technologies and evaluated by means of image processing using a neural network. The influence of impeller diameter, rotational speed, volumetric flow rate and dispersed phase fraction are discussed. Experimental data is correlated using fluid properties, operating data as well as centrifugal pump dimensions. The correlations developed from results of this work serve as a basis for the equipment design of centrifugal pumps.     

热泵节能——三种类型热泵的比较

比较了常用的闭式、釜液节流式和塔顶气相压缩式热泵的能耗,并给出了前后2种类型热泵关键工艺参数的确定原则及这2类热泵的模拟方法。通过丙烯塔热泵系统的模拟结果,指出3类热泵能耗大小依次是:闭式热泵>釜液节流式>塔顶气相压缩式。按照此能耗顺序,它们的压缩机压缩比分别是2.2,1.82和1.43;热泵性能系数分别是6.19,6.79和13.1。三者中,塔顶气相压缩式热泵性能最优,值得在工业应用中优先考虑。     

潜污泵的水力设计方法及应用

潜污泵的水力设计目前尚未有成熟的设计方法。这里介绍了一种半经验半理论的潜污泵水力设计方法,涉及叶轮入口直径、出口宽度、出口直径、叶片出口安放角等关键参数计算选取及叶轮、泵体的绘型;按此方法设计的潜污泵制造加工后进行了性能试验,泵的性能达到设计要求,表明该潜污泵设计方法具有一定的实用价值。     

采用三元流高效节能泵对余热发电站循环水泵的技改实践

相山水泥公司众城厂区4．5MW余热发电汽轮机组二台循环水泵的实际运行功率均是额定功率的91％左右,在合理的范围内,但还没有达到最佳效率。为此,该厂使用三元流高效节能泵对其进行了技改,介绍了该高效节能泵所涉及的关键结构及技术概念以及改造实施内容。经技改后,两台水泵年节约电量约32．5万kWh,平均节能效率在25％以上。