双奇数相加的逻辑分析（之四）

1　前　言两个奇数相加得一偶数 ,设有一偶数 2Ｎ(Ｎ为自然数 ) ,则有Ｎ个奇数。我们可以将它从小到大排成一个序列。如 :1 ,3,5,7,9,1 1 ,1 3,1 5,1 7,…… ,2Ｎ- 1我们称这个数列是由偶数 2Ｎ产生的 ,不同的Ｎ值对应不同的长度。Ｎ =1 ,2 ,3,…… ,∞。Ｎ可称为奇数排列顺序的标号。例如第Ｎ个奇数的绝对值大小为ＰＮ =2Ｎ- 1 ( 1 )2　双奇数相加的绝对值计算式双奇数相加过程中 ,两个相加的奇数一定在上面数列中。一个小于或等于Ｎ ,称为低位奇数或加数奇数Ｐ1 ,另一个等于或大于Ｎ ,称为高位奇数或被加数奇数Ｐ2 。在Ｎ为奇数时 ,有一种…     

双奇数相加的逻辑分析(九)

先讨论双奇数相加逻辑图,然后对Goldbach第一猜想进行微观结构静态验证。     

双奇数相加的逻辑分析

双奇数相加等于一个偶数，根据素数的形成机理，从而尔代数的逻辑运算和周期函数的相角矩阵分析，都得出了大于４的任何偶数都可表示成两个素数之和即“１＋１”成立，从而完成了哥德巴赫猜想成立的论证。     

双奇数相加的逻辑分析（五）

1　单点验证设在 1到Ｎ段的一系列奇数中有一素数Ｐ1 ,奇数标号为ｊ。如果在Ｎ到 2Ｎ段接近 2Ｎ处有一素数Ｐ2 ,依双奇数相加原则 ,如 (之四 )图 1 ,将Ｎ逐次增加 ,Ｐ2 将产生向Ｎ或Ｎ 1的方向移。在移位过程中对 1到Ｎ中的素数或合数逻辑值从小到大逐一扫描。当扫描到某一 2Ｎ时 ,Ｐ2 和Ｐ1 必然上下相对 ,其时 ,Ｐ1 =2ｊ - 1 ,Ｐ2 的奇数标号为Ｎ-ｊ 1 ,其绝对值为Ｐ2 =2 (Ｎ-ｊ 1 ) - 1 ,2Ｎ=Ｐ1 Ｐ2 ,为两素数相加即“1 1” ,这就是单点验证的理论依据。对于同一个 2Ｎ ,有时可能多次出现这一情况。点验可以求出每个 2Ｎ中“1 1…     

系数补偿法提高双波长分光光度测定灵敏度质疑

《冶金分析》1986年第4期22页发表了一篇题为《系数补偿法提高双波长分光光度测定灵敏度的探讨》(以下简称《探讨》)的文章。笔者对文中的观点有异议。为此,笔者从分析分光光度法的灵敏度概念着手,对双波长分光光度测定的灵敏度提出自己的看法,以期同该文作者商讨。     

运用模糊逻辑法控制连铸结晶器液面

运用模糊逻辑法控制连铸结晶器液面据《钢时代》１９９６，（１）报道，尽管现有的结晶器液面控制装置在稳态或近稳态情况下运行良好，但对某些故障却不一定能作出相应的调整。而模糊逻辑控制器则可作为非稳定状态下的一种代用品。在新开发出的最佳连铸结晶器液面控制装置...     

浅谈中国古典文化中的逻辑观念

本文从逻辑学的概念谈起,认为中国的逻辑思想植根于中国的传统文化中,不仅影响了中国古代的政治、法制、哲学等思想,也对尤其对传统艺术设计产生了深远的影响其次取中国传统经典文献《论语》与《梦溪笔谈》中章节作为案例分析,分别讨论了中国逻辑思想观念下的设计与教育问题,从而重新认识和理解了中国古代文献中的逻辑结构。     

《四川冶金》转型为智库期刊的内在可行性研究

《四川冶金》作为传统行业科技学术期刊，在当今“期刊高质量发展”的大环境下，需要探索创新发展的可行性出路，同时因其主办单位职能由冶金情报研究转变为产业研究及工信智库建设，也对期刊转型做出了现实要求。为契合主办单位核心业务，结合智库建设以及期刊转型发展需要，特对《四川冶金》转型为智库期刊的内在可行性进行探索分析。一是通过文献研究，明晰了期刊内在地包含智库功能和智库服务功能，确立理论基础；二是通过资料分析，梳理了《四川冶金》过去10年(2013～2023)在智库功能和智库服务功能上呈现的客观成绩，总结历史经验；三是通过逻辑分析，结合期刊主办单位的工作机制，围绕知识生产、人才汇聚和平台功能三个维度，呈现了期刊智库化转型与其主办单位核心业务以及工信智库建设三者之间的内在融贯性。通过分析研究表明，《四川冶金》转型智库期刊，具有充分的内在可行性。     

发电机组双冷水保护逻辑优化探讨

结合一起发电机组双冷水中断事故案例,对双冷水保护逻辑进行探讨,提出优化原则、优化方案,从而降低双冷水保护误动与拒动的风险,从保护逻辑层面为机组安全稳定运行提高保障。     

论《宏观世界话玉溪》学术方法的运用

《宏观世界话玉溪》是陈伯海先生分析李商隐在中国诗歌史上地位的一篇论文,本文具体分析了这篇文章中学术方法的运用。文章结合逻辑和历史的方法,考察了李商隐在晚唐诗坛所处的地位及其所代表的晚唐诗在中国诗歌史上的地位。     

Mixed emotions about Richard Lazarus's theory of emotion.

Comments that R. S. Lazarus's (see record 1991-32296-001) article on theory of emotion was troubling because (1) it promised a theory of emotion but did not present a recognizable one and (2) although progress on the theory was claimed on the basis of increased numbers of publications, the equation of popularity with convincing proof seemed odd. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Family interactions and the course of schizophrenia in African American and white patients.

Relatives' critical and intrusive behavior with patients, patients' odd or unusual thinking with relatives, and the course of schizophrenia were examined. Seventy-one African American and White patients (each with 1 relative) completed 2 problem-solving discussions. Relatives' critical and intrusive behavior with patients and patients' odd or unusual thinking with relatives were assessed, and patients were followed for 2 years. For African American patients, high levels of relatives' critical and intrusive behavior were associated with better outcome. For White patients, low levels of both relatives' critical and intrusive behavior and patients' odd or unusual thinking with relatives were associated with better outcome. The results suggest that during family interactions, seemingly negative behaviors may be perceived as a sign of caring and concern by African Americans. For Whites, the combination of patients' odd or unusual thinking with relatives and relatives' critical and intrusive behavior toward patients may be especially predictive of an adverse course. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Intimate partner violence and children's reaction to peer provocation: The moderating role of emotion coaching.

The current study examined the relation between intimate partner violence (IPV) and children's reactions to a stressful peer interaction in a community-based sample. The moderating role of parental emotion coaching in buffering children from negative reactions to a peer was also examined. Children participated in a peer provocation paradigm and mothers completed the Parent Meta-Emotion Interview. Both adaptive (i.e., laughing, ignoring) and maladaptive (i.e., hostile/challenging, odd behaviors) reactions to the provocative peer were examined. IPV was positively related to children's laughing and odd behaviors but was unrelated to ignoring and hostile/challenging behaviors. Additionally, emotion coaching was found to moderate relations between IPV and children's laughing and odd behaviors. The importance of understanding protective factors in families experiencing IPV and of developing emotion coaching parenting programs is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Oddity learning in the pigeon as a function of the number of incorrect alternatives

Pigeons' rate of learning a two-color oddity task increased as a function of the number of incorrect alternatives from 2 to 24 in Experiments 1, 2, and 3. In general, pigeons that were transferred from many-incorrect-alternative to two-incorrect-alternative oddity performed better than controls, but considerably below baseline (Experiments 2 and 3). In Experiment 4, pigeons showed no unconditioned tendency to peck the odd stimulus among 24 incorect alternatives, when pecks were nondifferentially reinforced, and in Experiment 5, when this procedure was preceded by oddity training, a progressive drop in odd-stimulus pecking was found. In Experiment 6, pigeons exposed to a nine-stimulus array in which the odd stimulus appeared (a) in the center or (b) separate from the array learned faster than when the odd stimulus was at the edge. This outcome suggests ththe figure-ground relation between the odd stimulus and the incorrect alternatives plays a role in the facilitation produced by increasing the number of incorrect alternatives but that poor performance on the standard, three-alternative oddity task appears to be due to center-odd trials which provide a difficult size or number discrimination.     

Effects of moderate intensity noise on the Bakan vigilance task.

Most studies of vigilance show noise effects only above 95 db SPL, but some suggest that tasks with possible involvement of subvocal speech may be more vulnerable. The present 4 experiments examined the effects of moderate intensity (85 db or lower) noise on visual versions of the Bakan vigilance task, which were given to a total of 64 20–56 yr old paid female Ss. Digit sequences were observed for particular target groupings of 3 odd (Exps I and II) or odd–even–odd (Exps III and IV) digits. All 4 experiments showed either a decrease in targets detected or a decrease in total responses (including false alarms). Exps III and IV used grouped presentation of stimuli to confirm whether the impairments were due to changed use of subvocal speech, but no support was found for any of the competing current suggestions on this point. The main implication is, therefore, that noise may produce impairment at levels lower than previously thought. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Measuring absenteeism from the opposite side of the coin.

Arguments for abandoning measures of absenteeism in favor of the criterion, "number of people who come to work," were supported empirically. Measures of absenteeism and attendance were collected daily from 379 wood harvesting crews for 12 consecutive wks. Intercorrelations were made between early odd, early even, late odd, and late even wks. The test-retest reliabilities of worker attendance were superior (.92-.96) to those of absenteeism (.41-.61). These results were replicated on a 2nd sample of 46 wood harvesting crews. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social deficits in hypothetically psychosis-prone college women.

Identified hypothetically psychosis-prone female college students (aged 17–20 yrs) by scales of Physical Anhedonia (n?=?25), Perceptual Aberration (n?=?32), and Nonconformity (n?=?26) and compared them with 27 controls on a role-playing task calling for social skill in interpersonal situations. All 3 groups of experimental Ss exceeded controls on social inappropriateness of response. The anhedonic Ss were significantly more avoidant and more odd than were controls. The perceptual aberration Ss were more odd and more hostile, and the nonconformity Ss were more hostile than were controls. Nevertheless, the experimental Ss were not inferior to controls on overall skill level. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Musculoskeletal Disorders: Work-related Risk Factors and Prevention

Unsaturated fatty acids of odd carbons, 13:1(12), 17:1(10trans), 19:1(7) and 19:1(10) inhibited release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) from fMet-Leu-Phe-cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils. The inhibitory effect was smaller than that of aseanostatins which have been isolated as microbial-derived free fatty acids with a methyl blanch (i-14:0 and ai-15:0) (Journal of Antibiotics (1991) 44, 524-532). These unsaturated fatty acids also inhibited lactoferrin release by the same treatment. On the other hand, 13:1(12), 15:1(10) and 19:1(10) inhibited fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated superoxide generation of neutrophils, and the fatty acids 15:1(10), 17:(10) and 19:2(10,13) induced superoxide generation in both unstimulated cells and the cell-free system. However, none of unsaturated fatty acids of odd carbons tested inhibited beta-glucuronidase release, whereas 15:1(10), 17:1(10), 19:1(10) and 19:2(10,13) rather enhanced an increase in beta-glucuronidase activity liberated from cells at high concentrations over 35 microM, indicating cellular damages by these fatty acids. These observations suggest that unsaturated free fatty acids having odd carbons such as 13, 15, 17 and 19 may act as modulators of neutrophil functions including degranulation and superoxide generation.     

Interactive Effects of Numerical Surface Form and Operand Parity in Cognitive Arithmetic.

In Experiment 1, adults (n = 48) performed simple addition, multiplication, and parity (i.e., odd-even) comparisons on pairs of Arabic digits or English number words. For addition and comparison, but not multiplication, response time increased with the number of odd operands. For addition, but not comparison, this parity effect was greater for words than for digits. In Experiment 2, adults (n = 50) solved simple addition problems in digit and word format and reported their strategies (i.e., retrieval or procedures). Procedural strategies were used more for odd than even addends and much more for word than digit problems. The results indicate that problem encoding and answer retrieval processes for cognitive arithmetic are interactive rather than strictly additive stages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of the structure and expression of odd-skipped and two related genes that encode a new family of zinc finger proteins in Drosophila

The odd-skipped (odd) gene, which was identified on the basis of a pair-rule segmentation phenotype in mutant embryos, is initially expressed in the Drosophila embryo in seven pair-rule stripes, but later exhibits a segment polarity-like pattern for which no phenotypic correlate is apparent. We have molecularly characterized two embryonically expressed odd-cognate genes, sob and bowel (bowl), that encode proteins with highly conserved C2H2 zinc fingers. While the Sob and Bowl proteins each contain five tandem fingers, the Odd protein lacks a fifth (C-terminal) finger and is also less conserved among the four common fingers. Reminiscent of many segmentation gene paralogues, the closely linked odd and sob genes are expressed during embryogenesis in similar striped patterns; in contrast, the less-tightly linked bowl gene is expressed in a distinctly different pattern at the termini of the early embryo. Although our results indicate that odd and sob are more likely than bowl to share overlapping developmental roles, some functional divergence between the Odd and Sob proteins is suggested by the absence of homology outside the zinc fingers, and also by amino acid substitutions in the Odd zinc fingers at positions that appear to be constrained in Sob and Bowl