O-季铵化改性壳聚糖固载环糊精的制备及其载药性能

对壳聚糖进行O-季铵化改性,并与羧甲基-β-环糊精在均相条件下进行缩合反应,制得O-季铵化壳聚糖固载环糊精(QCSCD),用FTIR、EA和SEM对产物进行表征。以酮洛芬为模型药物,研究其载药及药物释放行为。结果表明,季铵盐基团的引入提高了QCSCD的载药量,为3.97mg/mg,并且改变了QCSCD的pH响应性能。与壳聚糖固载环糊精相反,QCSCD在模拟胃液中的释放速率很快,而在模拟肠液中具有缓释性能。     

壳聚糖固载环糊精微球的制备及吸附硝基酚

反相悬浮法制备甲醛保护壳聚糖(CTS)微球,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂β-环糊精反应制得壳聚糖固载环糊精微球。产物用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪进行表征,并用于吸附2,4-二硝基酚研究。考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、酚浓度和NaCl含量对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,壳聚糖固载环糊精(CTS-CD)微球具有较好的耐酸碱性能,在pH值为3.6条件下,对2,4-二硝基酚的吸附快速达到平衡,吸附量为325mg/g,吸附符合Freundlich等温方程和二级动力学方程。     

新型壳聚糖固载β-环糊精的合成

以壳聚糖为原料,利用烯丙基取代β-环糊精(ASC)中的双键与壳聚糖的氨基反应,制备了新型壳聚糖固载β-环糊精产物(CTC)。其结构通过红外光谱、X-射线衍射技术分析得到了确证。该产物中β-环糊精(β-CD)的表观固载量为26．4μmol／g。     

β-环糊精固载降解壳聚糖季铵盐型抗菌防霉剂的制备及应用

采用降解壳聚糖与十二烷基叔胺经季铵化合成的降解壳聚糖季铵盐(HDCC)为原料,经环氧化并固载β-环糊精制得抗菌防霉剂HDCC-CD。经红外光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析(TGA)对其结构进行表征,取抑菌剂浓度为4g·L~(-1)不同固载量的HDCC-CD对黑曲霉进行抑菌防霉活性研究,结果表明,当固载量达到18μmol·g~(-1)时,黑曲霉抑菌率可达到79.6%,具有良好的抑菌防霉效果。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(Ⅻ)——环糊精及其衍生物的制备与性能

简单介绍了常用的α-,β-和γ-环糊精(CD)的结构和性能,重点综述了环糊精各类衍生物(包括醚类、酯类、去氧类和聚合物类等,其中聚合物类包括交联型、线形和固载化3种类型)和包结复合物的制备方法及性能,并对其今后的发展进行了展望。     

三相相转移催化合成α-丁基苯乙腈

利用固载化聚乙二醇和固载化季铵盐作三相相转移催化剂 ,催化合成了 α-丁基苯乙腈。该合成方法具有收率高、易操作、反应条件温和等优点。所用固载催化剂易于回收 ,且重复使用性能良好。     

黄腐酸基β-环糊精醚的合成

选用固载化的方法,把β-环糊精通过醚键接枝到黄腐酸上,制备出一种黄腐酸基β-环糊精醚(简称FA-β-CD)多功能吸附剂。并对反应条件进行优化,得出较佳的反应配比,并考察了它对酚酞的包络性能。     

烯烃氢甲酰化固载化催化剂研究进展

针对不同载体和固载化方法,综述了近年来固载化催化剂在烯烃氢甲酰化反应中的研究进展。重点介绍了以有机聚合物、分子筛、二氧化硅和活性炭等为载体的固载化催化剂的特点及其性能,并对各种固载化催化剂存在的问题和发展前景进行了分析。     

离子液体的固载化及其应用研究进展

简要介绍了近年来离子液体固载化的载体，主要包含分子筛、离子交换树脂、氧化物、碳材料、金属有机骨架材料、石墨烯及其他类载体等；并对固载化离子液体在催化合成、萃取分离、气体吸附和转化、脱硫、废水处理、电化学及生物柴油等领域的应用做了概述，指出了其存在的问题。分析了固载化离子液体的未来发展方向，开发和研制具有低成本和重复利用率高的固载化离子液体成为其研究的关键；除此之外，可先形成聚离子液体后再进行修饰固载也是改善其综合性能、扩大应用范围的方法。     

环糊精衍生物的分子形态及其构筑策略研究进展

根据环糊精衍生物分子结构与形态的不同,分类综述了环糊精衍生物（以β-环糊精衍生物为主）的形态及其构筑策略研究进展,包括单取代环糊精衍生物、双取代环糊精衍生物、多取代环糊精衍生物、二聚体环糊精衍生物、多聚体环糊精衍生物和环糊精聚合物（包括固载化环糊精）。指出环糊精衍生物的构筑是基于环糊精构筑各种功能材料的基础与关键,是环糊精母体应用的进一步拓展。基于环糊精构筑各种超分子仿酶,不仅可以充分发挥环糊精结构上的先天优势,也可以实现有机合成反应从有机相到水相的顺利过渡,并提高反应的选择性,对有机合成化学的"绿色化"具有重要的意义,对其他功能材料的构筑也具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。     

药物缓释用生物降解性高分子载体材料的研究

生物降解性聚合物安全、可靠,有良好的生物相容性,可通过生理途径代谢排出体外,成为了药物载体的首选材料。本文简要综述了主要常用天然和合成生物降解性聚合物,如壳聚糖、环糊精、胶原、聚乳酸、聚酸酐、氨基酸类聚合物的制备方法,在药物缓释体系的作用和效果,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Adsorption of guanosine,cytidine, and uridine on a β‐cyclodextrin derivative grafted chitosan

A β‐cyclodextrin derivative grafted chitosan (CDD‐C) was synthesized with chitosan and carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD). Its structure was characterized by elemental, infrared spectra, and X‐ray diffraction analyses. The degree of substitution by the carboxymethyl‐β‐CD moiety achieved 0.27 with the addition of DMF to the reaction solution. The results are in agreement with the expectations. The static adsorption properties for guanosine, cytidine, and uridine were studied. Experimental results demonstrated that CDD‐C had higher adsorption capability for guanosine than cytidine and uridine, and the adsorption capacity for guanosine was 74.20 mg/g. The adsorption capacity was greatly influenced by pH, time, and temperature. The introduction of chitosan enhanced the adsorption ability and adsorption selectivity of β‐CD for guanosine. This novel derivative of chitosan is expected to have wide applications in separation, concentration, and analysis of guanosine, cytidine, and uridine in biological sample. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3050–3055, 2007     

Preparation and characterization of β‐cyclodextrin‐linked chitosan microparticles

Hydrophobically modified chitosan containing β‐cyclodextrin (CD) units was synthesized by using tosylated β‐CD. The final product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis and TGA, and rheometry. The polymer bearing β‐CD moieties was used to obtain crosslinked microparticles by spray‐drying which could then be used in a controlled release system for drugs. FTIR confirmed the formation of an amide linkage between cyclodextrin and chitosan. As fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated, hydrophobic microenvironments were formed by chitosan bearing cyclodextrin in solution at lower concentrations than for chitosan. Rheometry and FTIR showed the crosslinking of the new polymer using genipin, a molecule of natural origin. Microspheres (MS) obtained by spray‐drying showed narrow size distribution when β‐CD was grafted onto chitosan and ξ‐potential of MS was slightly lower although it remained positive. In conclusion, β‐CD linked chitosan polymer can be considered as a very promising controlled drug delivery system for drugs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

生物基阻燃剂的设计、制备和应用研究进展

综述了可作为阻燃剂组分的生物基材料的设计、制备、改性和应用等方面的研究现状,重点介绍了壳聚糖、淀粉、纤维素、环糊精(CD)、脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)、植酸等在阻燃高分子材料中的应用情况,并指出生物基阻燃技术应用和发展存在的问题。最后展望了生物基阻燃剂未来的发展趋势,提出有效的化学改性技术和提高阻燃效率是生物基阻燃剂走向应用的必要措施。     

Biocompatibility and characteristics of theophylline/carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres for pulmonary drug delivery

The main aim was to evaluate the biocompatibility of theophylline/carboxymethyl chitosan/β‐cyclodextrin microspheres made by spray drying for pulmonary delivery. Haemolysis tests and cell culture experiments were used to determine blood and cell biocompatibility, and in vivo implantation experiments were used to examine tissue biocompatibility. The theophylline/carboxymethyl chitosan/β‐cyclodextrin microspheres were spherical in shape with a smooth or wrinkled surface, and showed no haemolysis activity. The cytotoxicity was dependent on concentration and showed no toxicity at low concentration. The results of implantation indicated that the inflammatory reaction gradually lessened and disappeared and had no significant difference from that of an operative suture. Therefore, theophylline/carboxymethyl chitosan/β‐cyclodextrin microspheres possess good biocompatibility and can be used as a promising carrier for pulmonary drug delivery. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

生物基阻燃剂阻燃聚乳酸的研究进展

针对生物基阻燃剂在绿色阻燃聚乳酸（PLA）领域的应用,简要介绍了生物基阻燃剂的阻燃改性技术,重点分析和综述了近5年含纤维素、木质素、壳聚糖、植酸、环糊精以及淀粉等生物基阻燃剂阻燃PLA的研究进展。最后,指出目前生物基阻燃剂应用和发展存在的问题,并对生物基阻燃剂在PLA阻燃领域发展的趋势进行了展望。     

Preparation and characterization of bottle‐brush polymer via host−guest self‐assembly between β‐cyclodextrin and adamantane

Supramolecular assemblies with a bottle‐brush structure are obtained by inclusion complexation between β‐cyclodextrin and adamantane. β‐cyclodextrin‐modified chitosan is synthesized via the aldimine condensation reaction between β‐cyclodextrin monoaldehyde and chitosan as the host. The guest is prepared through the esterification reaction between methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) and 1‐adamantanecarboxylic acid chloride. The supramolecular assemblies are formed through the inclusion of adamantane‐modified methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) into the β‐cyclodextrin cavity on the chitosan chain. Fourier transform infrared and ¹H NMR spectra were used to prove that the host, guest and assemblies were successfully obtained. UV?visible spectra were employed to confirm the formation of assemblies. Furthermore, the size of the particles in the assembled solution, the change before and after self‐assembly, and the effect of the addition of competitive molecules were studied by dynamic light scattering measurements. The results indicate that supramolecular assemblies have formed successfully which might be used to realize the biomimetic structure of the articular cartilage proteoglycan. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis and characterization of grafting β‐cyclodextrin with chitosan

Two new adsorbents [β‐cyclodextrin–chitosan (β‐CD–CTS) and β‐cyclodextrin‐6–chitosan (β‐CD‐6‐CTS)] were synthesized by the reaction of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) with epoxy‐activated chitosan (CTS) and the sulfonation of the C‐6 hydroxyl group of β‐cyclodextrin with CTS, respectively. Their structures were confirmed by IR spectral analysis and X‐ray diffraction analysis, and their apparent amount of grafting was determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy. The adsorption properties of β‐CD‐CTS and β‐CD‐6‐CTS for p‐dihydroxybenzene were studied. The experimental results showed that the two new adsorbents exerted adsorption on the carefully chosen target. The highest saturated capacity of p‐dihydroxybenzene of β‐CD‐CTS and β‐CD‐6‐CTS were 51.68 and 46.41 mg/g, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 860–864, 2004     

壳聚糖/环糊精在生物医学材料方面的研究进展

壳聚糖/环糊精是一种新型的生物医学材料.综述了近年来壳聚糖/环糊精在生物医学材料方面的研究进展,主要包括其作为药物载体材料、组织工程支架材料、基因载体材料及选择分离材料等方面的研究.     

Enhancement of bioactivity and bioavailability of curcumin with chitosan based materials

Curcumin (CUR) has been investigated for its poor accessibility to a site of action or absorption and rapid metabolism to cope with the limited medication and cure applications. This article reviews numerous approaches, such as encapsulated surfactant/polymeric micelles, liposomes, micro/nano-spheres, nano-suspensions/composites, nanocomplex, films, and hydrogels for effective transfer of CUR to target sites. Chitosan (CS), and chitosan derivatives have been found to enhance therapeutic efficacy of CUR. CS/modified-CS based alginate, cyclodextrin, starch, dextran sulfate, ZnO, phytosomes, and poly(butyl) cyanoacrylate drug delivery matrices improved bioavailability, prolonged drug loading and permeability, sustained release rate, improved solubility and stability (prevent metabolic degradation) of CUR, consequently promoting various clinical applications. CS based polysaccharide, protein, and metal oxide drug delivery nano formulations advantageously participated to improve biological activities of CUR. We have attempted to summarize these delivery approaches, and reviewed future trends/strategies to permit the introduction of CUR as practical therapeutic drug.