A Novel Optical Burst Assembly Technique Based on a Dynamic Threshold Mechanism to Support Scalable QoS

In IP networks, coarse packet classification is a scalable QoS solution. Similarly, it can also be utilized to an OBS network. In order to match IP QoS requirements with the data processing capacity and flexibility of OBS networks, we propose a novel optical burst assembly technique, which is based on mapping rules and a dynamic threshold mechanism called ATQ-DT. How to map the IP QoS to burst priority is resolved by the mapping rules, and how to efficiently allocate the assembly capacity among classes belonging to the same priority is answered by ATQ-DT. This mechanism determines the maximum share for each class, which is proportional to the current unused capacity. Among the three mapping rules we propose, TQ-MAP is the most reasonable one because it considers both the traffic condition and the QoS requirement. As shown by simulation results, the assembly technique ATQ-DT with TQ-MAP can most remarkably improve the packets loss probability (PLP) to support QoS.     

支持QoS的自适应门限复合光突发装配技术

该文提出了一种新的光突发装配技术,该技术由自适应门限突发装配算法和基于优先级的随机 化的偏移时间设置方案构成.该装配算法特别适合于多类别分组混合装配,能让所有类别的分组公平有效地使用装配能力,能较好地与IP层的QoS机制相匹配。计算机仿真结果表明该文提出的光突发装配技术在性能上具有一定优越性.     

一种自适应光突发装配映射机制及性能仿真

分组粗颗粒分类因有良好的扩展性,可作为OBS(Optical Burst Switching)网络的QoS(Quality of Service)实现基础。然而OBS网络因其固有限制而只能支持较少的突发优先级,因此OBS常采用多类别光突发装配技术。该文在粗颗粒分类基础上,提出了一种新的适用于这类装配的映射机制TQ-Map,即确定某一优先级光突发可以装配哪些类别分组。自适应性是该机制的突出特点,主要体现在:映射关系能随各类分组的QoS要求和负载的改变而自动进行调整。仿真表明:TQ-Map机制的自适应性能有效保证突发装配与上层QoS要求相匹配(以分组损失率为衡量指标)。     

一种基于资源动态分配的光突发装配新技术

在粗颗粒分类基础上提出了一种新的光突发装配技术。它包括两个方面：映射规则，主要解决某一优先级光突发可以装配的类别分组，提出了S映射、Q映射和TQ映射3种规则，其差别主要在于映射是否具有自适应性；动态门限装配能力分配方案，即ATQ-DT，主要解决如何动态、合理地分配光突发装配能力。TQ映射和ATQ-DT可随服务质量(QoS)要求和负载情况的变化而自动调整映射关系和装配门限。经仿真表明：它们的组合，即“TQ映射 ATQ-DT”在保证各分组类别的分组损失率(PLP)上效果最为明显。     

光突发交换网络中服务质量保证机制的研究

如何在光突发交换(OBS)网络中为承载的业务提供服务质量(QoS)保证,已经成为当前OBS领域的一个研究热点.从算法思想、QoS保证性能等方面,对当前几种主要的服务质量保证机制进行了研究:基于偏置时间的QoS机制、分段型QoS机制、比例型QoS机制、抢占式QoS机制、IP DiffServ over OBS的QoS机制以及基于数据信道分组的QoS机制.探讨了在设计一个有效的QoS保证机制时应考虑的因素以及今后的研究方向.     

Burstification Queue Management in Optical Burst Switching Networks

Among the various issues lying in optical burst switching (OBS) networks, burstification, i.e., assembling multiple IP packets into bursts, is an important one. Between the two important aspects related to burst assembly, the burst assembly algorithm aspect has been extensively studied in the literature. However, as far as we know, there is no research about the burstification queue management (BQM) aspect, which refers to how many burstification queues (BQ) we should set at each OBS edge node and how to manage these BQs. Suppose there are G destinations (egress edge nodes) and the OBS network provides S different quality of service (QoS) classes. Traditionally, it is simply regarded that each ingress edge node needs G· S queues to sort incoming packets, one for each possible destination and QoS class. For simplicity, we call this policy the static dedicate BQM (SDB) policy. The SDB policy, though simple, lacks scalability since we have to add S BQs at each OBS edge node if an extra OBS edge node is added to the OBS network. To solve this problem, we propose in this paper two BQM policies: quasi-static BQM (QSB) policy and dynamic BQM (DB) policy. For the QSB policy, we derive the packet loss probability due to lacking BQs based on a Markov chain, from which we can work out the employed number of BQs for a given packet loss probability. Based on these results, the scalability of the QSB policy is also studied. With the DB policy, we not only can dynamically assign BQs for incoming packets, but also can dynamically allocate buffer capacity for each BQ by using a least-mean-square (LMS)-based linear prediction filter. The performance of the DB policy is investigated by analysis and extensive simulations. We also compared the performance of the QSB policy and the DB policy. Results from analysis and simulation demonstrate that the DB policy is the best.     

光突发交换网络中QoS方案的研究

光突发交换是构建下一代光网络的有效交换技术,在OBS网络中如何有效地支持QoS已成为一个重要的研究课题.介绍了光突发交换网络中基于偏置时间的QoS方案和波长分组QoS方案,最后提出了一种基于波长分组技术,结合突发分片技术和Min-Sv算法的QoS的解决方案,通过建立相应的模型时其进行了仿真,仿真结果表明所提出的方案可以更好地提供区分服务,同时有效地提高了信道的利用率,降低了整体的丢失率.     

A framework of prioritized burst segmentation supporting controlled retransmission in OBS networks

In optical burst switching (OBS) networks, burst contentions in OBS core nodes may cause data loss. To reduce data loss, retransmission scheme has been applied. However, uncontrolled retransmission may increase network load significantly and data loss probability defeating the retransmission purpose. In addition, in a priority traffic existing OBS network, OBS nodes may apply different retransmission mechanisms to priorities bursts for quality-of-service (QoS) support. This study has developed a controlled retransmission scheme for prioritized burst segmentation to support QoS in OBS networks. Unlike previous works in the literature, we have set a different value to retransmission probability at each contention and propose a retransmission analytical model for burst segmentation contention resolution scheme. In addition, we have applied the proposed retransmission scheme to the prioritized burst segmentation for QoS support. We have taken into account the load at each link due to both fresh and retransmitted traffic, and have calculated the path blocking probability and byte loss probability (ByLP) for high-priority and low-priority burst to evaluate network performance. An extensive simulation has been proposed to validate our analytical model.     

Dynamic wavelength selection and delayed burst assignment schemes for Optical Burst Switching networks

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) has been proposed as a promising switching technology for the next generation of optical transport networks. In this paper, we address the issue of how to provide proportional differentiated services in OBS networks. Firstly, a Dynamic Wavelength Selection (DWS) scheme is introduced to provide proportional differentiated services in bufferless OBS networks by dynamically assigning more and longer periods of wavelengths to high priority classes. This scheme can also utilize wavelengths efficiently because the wavelengths are shared among different classes. Next, a Delayed Burst Assignment (DBA) scheme is introduced, by which bursts of the high priority class are given a higher probability for reserving wavelengths by scheduling the bursts of the low priority class with a delay to provide quality of service (QoS) in OBS networks. The integration of these two schemes provides proportional differentiated services and improves the burst loss performance by giving the burst head packet (BHP) two opportunities of scheduling its data burst (DB).     

光突发交换网中的智能组包研究

光突发交换(OBS)相对传统的电路交换方式具有更高的传输效率和更短的网络时延,而相对于未来网络的发展趋势光分组交换,光突发交换具备更现实的可行性.在OBS中,突发汇聚是一个很关键的技术,它对OBS网络的性能有着重要的影响,在本文中,我们对突发汇聚机制进行了较深入的研究,并提出了一种新的突发汇聚算法,它对抑制网络流量的自相似性,提高突发传输效率和避免在不同节点由于突发同步所引起的带宽资源竞争都有较好的结果.     

OBS网络中基于优先级的先分割后缓存冲突解决方法

为了有效地降低突发包的丢失率和保证OBS网络中不同优先级业务的服务质量,提出了一种基于优先级的先分割后缓存冲突解决方法。该方法通过在多波长信道系统的输出数据信道上设置光纤延迟线组来缓存被分割的冲突突发包。当冲突发生时,首先基于突发包的优先级和处理完毕时间进行"竞争突发包头部分割或者原突发包尾部分割"处理;无冲突部分进行交换或者直接在事先预留的输出数据信道上处理,冲突部分的分割突发包进行光缓存。仿真结果表明,多波长信道系统中,高优先级突发包的丢失率低于低优先级突发包的丢失率。同时该方法在一定程度上可以有效地减少端到端的传输时延和整个网络的丢包率,从而提高整个OBS网络的性能。     

QoS aware routing and wavelength allocation in optical burst switching networks using differential evolution optimization

The issue of burst losses imposes a constraint on the development of Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks. Heavy burst losses strongly affect the Quality of Service (QoS) intended by end users. This article presents a QoS aware Routing and Wavelength Allocation (RWA) technique for burst switching in OBS networks. The RWA problem is modeled as a bi-objective Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem, where objective functions are based on minimizing the number of wavelengths used and the number of hops traversed to fulfill the burst transmission requests for a given set of node pairs. The ILP model is solved using a novel approach based on a Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. Analytical results show that the DE algorithm provides a better performance compared to shortest path routing, which is a widely accepted routing strategy for OBS networks.     

光突发数据包整合技术的研究

光突发交换是适合在当前技术条件下的新交换技术，它比电路交换灵活，带宽利用率高，又比光分组交换易于实现，将成为下一代光IP骨干网的核心技术。介绍了控制分组结构。重点研究了光突发交换的关键技术—突发数据包整合技术的各种方法，指出突发数据包整合技术在很大程度上影响着光突发交换网的性能。     

Hybrid offset‐time and burst assembly algorithm (H‐OTBA) for delay sensitive applications over optical burst switching networks

Optical burst switching (OBS) is the most favourable switching paradigm for future all‐optical networks. Burst assembly is the first process in OBS and it consists of aggregating clients packets into bursts. Assembled bursts wait for an offset time before being transmitted to their intended destinations. Offset time is used to allow burst control packet reserve required resources prior to burst arrival. Burst assembly process and offset‐time create extra delay in OBS networks. To make OBS suitable for real time applications, this extra latency needs to be controlled. This paper proposes and evaluates a novel offset time and burst assembly scheme to address this issue. Constant bit rate (CBR) traffic that has stringent end‐to‐end delay QoS requirements is used in this study. The proposed scheme is called hybrid offset‐time and burst assembly algorithm (H‐OTBA). The objective of the paper is achieved by controlling maximum burst transfer delay parameters of CBR. The proposed scheme was evaluated via network simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that, H‐OTBA has effectively reduced end‐to‐end delay for CBR traffic compared with current solutions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光突发交换网络中的突发分组组装策略

光突发交换(OBS)技术集成光电路交换和光分组交换的优势,能满足现有大容量、高速率的多媒体信息交换与传输,将成为下一代光IP骨干网的核心技术。本文详细论述了OBS网络中的关键技术———突发分组的组装技术的各种策略与实现方式,指出具有良好QoS保证又可降低可操控性的突发组装策略将成为最佳选择。     

Distributed Reservation Protocol and QoS Method in WR-OBS System

1IntroductionOptical Burst Switching (OBS)[1 ~4]provides a feasi-ble paradigm for Internet Protocol (IP) over Wave-length-Division Multiplexing ( WDM) integration[5 ~10],which has been the focus of intense investigation owingtoits flexibilityin utilizingthe terahertz bandwidth of asingle fiber andits capabilitytosupport transparent datatransmissions. However , with the emergence of allkinds of applications such as data ,voice ,the next-gen-eration network must also be designedto provide …     

Burst scheduling for differentiated services in optical burst switching WDM networks

Optical burst switching (OBS) is one of the most important switching technologies for future optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks and the Internet. The model of differentiated services has been proposed to support quality of service (QoS) in the IP‐based Internet. It is also very important to have differentiated service support in OBS networks. When the burst scheduling in an OBS network is set up appropriately, network can support differentiated services. In this paper, we proposed a new burst scheduling scheme, called differentiated scheduling with identical priority offset time (DSIPO). In DSIPO, the same priority offset time is used for all the bursts destined to the same edge node regardless of their priorities. Differentiated services in terms of burst loss probability are achieved by processing the control packets of higher priority class bursts, thus reserving resources for their data bursts, more promptly upon their arrival than those of lower priority class bursts. Each intermediate (core) node can adjust the burst loss probabilities of various burst classes by choosing its own differentiated processing delay value for each priority class or its own differentiated processing delay difference value between any pair of adjacent priority classes. We model and analyse DSIPO in terms of the burst loss probability for each priority class with simulation validation. The performance of DISPO is evaluated by simulation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

OBS网络中一种基于突发包优先级分割的可控重传方案

在光突发交换(OBS)网络中,突发包会由于竞争OBS核心节点输出端口的有限波长资源而发生冲突。突发包重传能够在一定程度上减少由于突发包在核心节点冲突而导致的数据损失,但重传次数的增加可能会加重网络负荷,反而增加数据丢失率。并且,在多业务存在的OBS网络中,重传方案需要能够实现区分服务以保证网络的服务质量(QoS)。据此,本文提出一种基于突发包优先级分割的可控重传方案,在实施优先级分割的同时,根据网络负荷赋予每次重传不同的概率,并对重传次数加以控制。最后,仿真分析了路径阻塞率和不同优先级业务的字节丢失率(ByLP,byte loss probability)性能。     

基于Gbit以太网卡光突发交换边缘节点功能的设计和实现

提出了一种利用现有的千兆以太网卡,设计和实现光突发交换网络(OBS)边缘节点功能的方法。在IP层和数据链路层之间加入OBS层,可实现对数据包进行组装、排队、调度和发送等OBS边缘节点的基本功能。通过修改Linux操作系统的内核,实现了满足不同业务最大时延和最大包长限制的组装过程,以及采用包分割算法的调度过程。