铁硅金属间化合物耐熔铝腐蚀性研究

对不同相的铁硅金属间化合物套管在熔融铝液中进行了不同温度的耐熔铝腐蚀性测试,并观察其断口形貌.结果表明：质量成分为Fe50Si50的套管耐蚀性最好,SiC冷静压烧结管次之,Fe75Si25套管最差;随着腐蚀温度的升高,套管的腐蚀程度加重,但在950℃温度下腐蚀96 h后,套管仍具有良好的耐熔铝腐蚀性能;腐蚀过程中,Al原子并未置换出Fe原子而与之发生反应,断口形貌显示材料表面缺陷可能导致了腐蚀的发生.     

FeSi相增强金属间化合物内加热套管耐熔锌腐蚀性能

针对热浸镀锌内加热保护套管材料的腐蚀问题,采用机械合金化-退火处理工艺制备Fe-Si金属间化合物,研究了不同Fe、Si原子比对金属间化合物相成分和耐锌液腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:不同Fe、Si原子比的粉末经球磨-退火后都能得到Fe-Si金属间化合物。由于含有较多的Fe Si致密相,Fe、Si原子比为1∶3的试样具有良好的耐锌液腐蚀性能。     

铁硅金属间化合物套管抗热震性研究

为了证实铁硅金属间化合物套管良好的抗热震性能,本文将不同胶粘剂成型的铁硅金属间化合物套管,以及SiC冷静压烧结管在熔融铝液中进行了抗热震性对比测试,并用扫描电镜分析了断口形貌。实验结果表明:自配硅酸盐胶粘剂粘结的套管具有较强的抗热震性,但由于采用的是胶粘冷压成型工艺,粉体间结合力较低,其抗热震性不及SiC冷静压烧结管。断口形貌分析表明:各套管断裂方式不同,但都是由于缺陷的存在,诱发了裂纹的形成及扩展。     

铁硅金属间化合物套管抗热震性研究

为了证实铁硅金属间化合物套管良好的抗热震性能，本文将不同胶粘剂成型的铁硅金属间化合物套管，以及SiC冷静压烧结管在熔融铝液中进行了抗热震性对比测试，并用扫描电镜分析了断口形貌。实验结果表明：自配硅酸盐胶粘剂粘结的套管具有较强的抗热震性，但由于采用的是胶粘冷压成型工艺，粉体间结合力较低，其抗热震性不及SiC冷静压烧结管。断口形貌分析表明：各套管断裂方式不同，但都是由于缺陷的存在，诱发了裂纹的形成及扩展。     

激光功率对27SiMn钢表面激光熔覆铁基合金组织和性能的影响

为了研究激光功率对激光熔覆修复矿用液压支架立柱的影响,在液压支架立柱母材27Si Mn钢的表面进行了激光熔覆铁基合金试验,分析了不同激光功率下的熔覆层/基体复合材料的显微组织、力学性能和拉伸断口形貌。结果表明,熔覆层的显微组织中多呈现出具有典型定向凝固特征的柱状晶,熔覆层和基体之间实现了良好的冶金结合。不同激光功率下熔覆层的抗拉强度和显微硬度均高于基体,但伸长率相对于基体较低。熔覆层/基体复合材料在拉伸试验的过程中未发生剥离现象,熔覆层的断口形貌表明其为脆性解理断裂,热影响区处的断口形貌呈现出清晰的韧窝,表明其为典型的韧性断裂。     

微弧氧化处理对碳钢表面耐LBE腐蚀性能的影响

目的以Q235钢为基材,制备微弧氧化陶瓷层,提高钢铁材料耐LBE腐蚀性。方法采用TIG熔-钎焊并添加ER4043焊丝的方法,对1.5 mm厚的5A06铝合金和3 mm厚的镀锌Q235钢进行焊接,焊后对接头进行280℃保温30 min的退火热处理。同时,采用合适的微弧氧化工艺在铝/钢焊缝表面制备微弧氧化陶瓷层,研究微弧氧化处理对钢材耐LBE腐蚀性的影响。结果采用TIG熔-钎焊的方法对铝/钢异种金属进行焊接时,铝/钢界面会不可避免地产生金属间化合物层,对铝/钢熔-钎焊接头进行280℃保温30 min的退火热处理后,金属间化合物层的厚度可达9～10μm,化合物层主要由Al_8Fe_2Si相和少量的[Al,Fe,Si]、Al_(13)Fe_4相组成,接头抗拉强度高达185 MPa,且断裂发生在铝母材处。微弧氧化处理可使焊缝表面原位生成均匀的陶瓷层,陶瓷层表面呈"火山状"形貌,且"火山状"物质的中心有较多不同尺寸的放电微孔。陶瓷层主要由α-Al_2O_3、γ-Al_2O_3和莫来石相组成,且其表面粗糙度较低。Q235钢经过腐蚀后,表面出现较多的腐蚀坑,Pb、Bi元素向碳钢内部扩散;而陶瓷层经过腐蚀后,表面没有明显的腐蚀现象。结论微弧氧化处理可显著提高钢铁材料耐LBE腐蚀性,阻碍Pb、Bi元素向钢铁内部的扩散。     

Al-3.7Cu-0.8Mg-0.7Mn合金应力腐蚀性能研究

通过慢应变速率拉伸测试法(SSRT),研究了Al-3.7Cu-0.8Mg-0.7Mn合金在不同温度、不同腐蚀介质中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为,利用金相显微镜观察断口侧面的腐蚀形貌,借助SEM分析断口形貌。结果表明,在3.5%的NaCl溶液中,合金的应力腐蚀敏感性随着温度升高而增大,断口形貌呈现典型的沿晶断裂;25℃下,合金分别在3.5%的NaCl,3.5%的NaCl+0.5%的H_2O_2,3.5%的NaCl+1.0%的H_2O_2腐蚀介质中的应力腐蚀指数(ISSRT值)分别为3.17%、8.83%、14.4%,表现出很强的应力腐蚀敏感性,容易发生断裂。     

J506Fe焊条熔敷金属低温韧性的研究

J506Fe焊条是一种可应用于-30℃的高强度焊条。为了进一步提高该焊条熔敷金属的冲击韧性,通过不同温度下的系列冲击试验以及断口分析,对某企业J506Fe焊条的低温性能进行了研究。结果表明,该J506Fe焊条熔敷金属在≥-10℃时处于韧性状态;在≤-40℃时处于脆性状态;在-30℃时的冲击功为84.2 J,处于从韧性向脆性的转变区,此时其冲击断口呈现脆性的解理断裂形貌,需要对该焊条进行改进。     

耐张线夹内钢芯铝绞线断裂原因及断口特征

针对一起运行18a的耐张线夹处导线失效事故,采用宏观检查、扫描电镜、力学性能测试及金相组织检验等分析手段,由失效线夹特征及绞线断口形貌、组织性能劣化特点研究了其失效原因和机理。结果表明,耐张线夹铝管一侧压痕明显,另一侧积垢;外层铝股表面有大量腐蚀坑;铝股及钢芯的断面收缩率增加10%以上;铝股、钢芯断口纵向金相纤维特征弱化,钢芯断口颈缩处纤维特征消失。该次断线主要是线夹压接不良致管内钢芯铝绞线与线夹接触面腐蚀,灰尘、腐蚀产物在管内结垢,发热量增加,绞线温升,材质劣化而引起的。     

新型耐冲蚀黄铜的组织与性能

在现行HAl77-2A铝黄铜中,加入B、Fe、Ni、Mn、Si等合金元素,研制出新型耐冲蚀黄铜,并对其组织、力学性能、腐蚀、腐蚀磨损和冲蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明,加入B、Fe、Ni、Mn、Si等合金元素后,晶粒细化,在保持了现行HAl77-2A铝黄铜的耐蚀性和塑性的基础上,强度和硬度大幅度提高,抗冲蚀能力得到明显改善.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.